学校道德教育的突围:从道德旁观者到道德参与者

道德旁观者是在道德场所选择不作为,以旁观者的身份置身事外的道德主体。模拟情境下认识与行为在时空上的分离,模拟情境与真实情境的脱节,电视等媒体产生的旁观效应,是形成道德旁观者的主要原因。要促使道德旁观者向道德参与者转变,教育部门既要挖掘模拟情境的闪光点,加强对行动型道德主体的培养,又要具有积极的"媒体意识",形成道德教育合理利用媒体的良好局面。

Hyper-real Narratives： The Emergence of Contemporary Film Subgenres

The scope of this paper is to investigate a number of emerging contemporary popular subgenres, namely that of ＂mumblecore film＂, the ＂best-worst film＂ and ＂the gonzo documentary＂. Unlike historical cinematic movements, these subgenres are the result of our techocentric culture and commercialism. In this respect these subgenres are less motivated by a collective ideology, but rather a cultural phenomenon resulting from increased access to popular culture, hypermedia devices, social media, and new marketing techniques. This paper investigates the displacement of traditional models of temporality through the metamorphosis of today＇s audiovisual culture, outlining the subject＇s embodiment of voyeurism and exhibitionism, ushering in a hyper-real era of self-myth making and consumption.

The Representation of Foreign Politics Through Media Prism： A Case Study of 2008 U.S. Presidential Election Campaign in Mainland Chinese Newspapers

As the most powerful nation in the world, the U.S. presidential election campaign drew a lot of attention from the media around the world. This study examines how party-orientation and market-orientation newspapers in China presented 2008 U.S. presidential election campaign to their audience, and how the news serve for the reproduction of domestic dominated ideology and safeguarding domestic political needs. It adopted content analysis and textual analysis as research methods. The results show that Party newspaper tends to serve domestic political ideology, while market-oriented newspapers showed mixed attitude toward political demand. Although market newspapers, out of the concern of political safety, employed some tactic to comply with the demand of dominated ideology to some extent, their cooperation was limited since their main purpose was commercial success and their presentation even destroy the aim of linkage politics for the reasons include acquiring market profit and/or pursuit of professional value. This study is a positive effort to make up the current research gap of studies on international news in Chinese media.

Freedom of Speech and Newspaper Excesses

Press has been found to have an impact on the outcome of electoral political campaigns. Press can distort the electorate＇s perception of an objective reality to fulfill the political orientation of its editorial line. This can be achieved in propaganda and in the rhetoric of excess. Within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA）, this paper has conducted a thematic content analysis to study the rhetoric of excess in the construction of political identity and relations in 100 articles pertaining to two different ideologically oriented Tunisian newspapers, namely Le Maghreb and El Dhamir. The study covered the period from December 26, 2011 to December 26, 2012. Results have shown a low level of impartiality violating Gricean maxims of quality and quantity. This tendency could culminate in violence and undermine the public＇s confidence in the media. Proactive measures of media management are recommended.

Powerful Force of The Media to Environmental Issues and Its Contribution to Environmental Engineers

Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.

Social Freedom and Deprivation

What is the true sense of freedom？ Man is free and lacks freedom. The author considers the example of Louis XIV. It seemed that he held the sovereignty as the king of the absolute monarchy and the greatest freedom. But all his teeth were pulled out to protect him from illness and in his exercise as the king, he had many official obligations. Though he was king, he was free and lacked freedom. According to J. J. Rousseau （1762） who discussed the principle of freedom and oppression （deprivation）, if man realizes freedom, it needs to express his duty and subordination to the state. Therefore man is free and lacks freedom. What is the situation of contemporary citizens？ Instead of the oppression by the state, the citizen is controlled by the mass media. The best example is the drama observed about the prime ministers of Japan. There were many manipulations by the mass media. For our benefit we need to educate the persons who have good sense. We should remember that our freedom is not absolute. We are free and lack freedom, too. Often man searches freedom and comfort but often, on the contrary, he faces the lack of freedom. Electricity that is produced by a nuclear plant is useful, but the explosion of the nuclear plant creates a huge damage and tragedy, In a sense, deprivation is larger than freedom, because it could teach us self- awareness, moderation and let us know that we have enough.