论汉末“子学”和批判政论文之关系——以蔡邕作品为中心的考察

汉末"子学"批判的文风以质朴醇厚为主,汉末政论文则以刚健激切为主,这是二者文风的主要差别;同时汉末政论文的批判方式较多以灾异发端,和"子学"的无神论思想完全不同;在汉末政治社会的背景下,汉末"子学"和政论文既独立发展,又相互促进。

论“子学精神”及其对“新子学”的启示意义

“子学精神”除叛逆精神、怀疑精神、批判精神、担当精神、和谐精神、自省精神、自律精神、宽容精神等,还可进一步概括为独立精神、乐观精神、执着精神、理性精神、仁爱精神、平等精神、经世济民精神、弘道殉道精神、超越精神等。“子学精神”是中国创造,为传统学术灵魂,历久而弥新。“子学精神”对“新子学”极具启示意义,“新子学”的学术使命就是提炼、阐发、传承、弘扬“子学精神”,适应新时代需要,响应时代新问题,复兴传统文化,建设理想社会。自主创新,不断超越,建构新的学术范式,构建独具中国特色的新的话语体系、理论体系,“成一家之言”,与国际学术界平等对话,发出自己的声音,为中华文化伟大复兴作新的探索,返本开新,继往开来。

《荀子·劝学》“完”字解诂

《荀子·劝学》中“巢非不完也”之“完”字,当前学界以“完整”或“完善”“完备”“完美”相释。但考之于上下文义和事理,均有窒碍难通之处。而将此“完”字训释为“结实”,则既合于事理,又有训诂根据。

史志目录中医籍著录的变化与中国古代医学的发展——从中国古代子学的“自新”传统说开去

中国古代医籍在史志目录中的著录,经历了《汉书·艺文志》中的独列于最后一"略",《隋书·经籍志》中的跻身于子部,新旧《唐书·艺文(经籍)志》中的分列为明堂经脉(经脉)与医术两家,到最后《清史稿·艺文志》中的位列子部第五位的大体演变。医学类书籍在史志目录中的序列、分类及其各具体类目书籍著录的多寡,都在很大程度上代表了医学在该时代的发展程度和社会、官方地位。应该说,古代医学这一发展脉络,是中国古代"子学"不断自新的结果。

论“新子学”的内涵及其意义——兼谈子学与经学之别

"新子学"的内涵包括一般意义和理念意义两个层面;子学与经学在其本初意义上并无不同,都是先民经验的结晶,但随着经学文本的经学化,其思想也日益僵化、教条化,而子学则始终保持着鲜活、应景的特性;"新子学"理念的提出,不仅为中国学术文化转型提供了一条出路,而且深切契合时代精神,可以发挥其在中华民族伟大复兴中的价值功能。

論《子藏》與“子藏學”之關係

“子藏學”是在大型古籍影印叢書《子藏》編纂、使用和研究過程中形成的概念。《子藏》編纂承接了諸子學文獻研究傳統,其實踐性品格爲諸子學學科的建立奠定了文獻基礎,促成了“子藏學”的誕生。

“子藏學”研究的主體認識、核心問題及發展路徑

作爲子學發展的新階段,“子藏學”研究新局面的開闢,意味着研究主體需要從認識論的角度賦予這一領域新的學術價值。這是因爲,“子藏學”研究的主體認識應從主體意識結構、主體意識參與研究的必要性以及研究群體認識的一致性等方面進行理解,才能彰顯“子藏學”認識主體的存在價值。與此相應,“子藏學”根基於子學史料客體,透過子學認識主體與子學認識客體的對象性認識結構,發揮其作爲子學研究的中介客體作用。處於動態發展過程中的“子藏學”認識客體,只有在實際的研究活動中與主體構成對象性關係,才能獲其作爲認識客體的存在價值。最後,文章針對“子藏學”研究的發展路徑,給出深化“子藏學”理論探討、提供研究路徑和豐富研究主體學術素養等建議。

當代子學研究的新進展——“第九届‘新子學’國際學術研討會”綜述

2021年10月23日,第九届“新子學”國際學術研討會在中國臺北順利召開。共有來自中國内地、港澳臺等地區以及日本、韓國等國家38所大學的51位專家學者參加此次大會,議題涉及“新子學”研究、“子藏學”研究、諸子思想及學術的專題研究等方面,充分體現了子學研究的豐富性和多樣性。“新子學”由學術理念向文化立場轉化以及“子藏學”研究等新觀點和新議題代表了當代子學研究的新進展,必將對子學主體地位的提升、子學研究方法的拓展産生積極作用。

六朝太学与国学考辨

学术界对六朝时期太学与国学的关系有多种不同看法。有六朝国学始于东吴孙休时说,有东吴无国学说。有人认为南朝的太学与国学是两所并列的学校,有时两者同置,有时一存一废;有南朝只有国学而无太学说等。事实上东吴并无太学或国学存在;西晋开始在太学之中设置培养贵族子弟的国子学,校舍分离,号称“二学”;东晋先设太学,后又增设国学,并将“二学”校舍合并;南朝“太学”与“国学”为一校二名,由于国学以上层贵族子弟为培养对象,国学的地位和名声高于太学,因此“国学”常常取代“太学”,成为国家最高学府的习惯通称。

Boehmeria nivea var. strigosa (Urticaceae), a new variety from Southwest China

Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.

Large and nonlinear electric field response in a two-dimensional ferroelectric Rashba material

The achievement of electrical spin control is highly desirable.One promising strategy involves electrically mod-ulating the Rashba spin orbital coupling effect in materials.A semiconductor with high sensitivity in its Rashba constant to external electric fields holds great potential for short channel lengths in spin field-effect transistors,which is crucial for preserving spin coherence and enhancing integration density.Hence,two-dimensional(2D)Rashba semiconductors with large Rashba constants and significant electric field responses are highly desirable.Herein,by employing first-principles calculations,we design a thermodynamically stable 2D Rashba semiconductor,YSbTe_(3),which possesses an indirect band gap of 1.04 eV,a large Rashba constant of 1.54 eV·Åand a strong electric field response of up to 4.80 e·Å^(2).In particular,the Rashba constant dependence on the electric field shows an unusual nonlinear relationship.At the same time,YSbTe_(3)has been identified as a 2D ferroelectric material with a moderate polarization switching energy barrier(~0.33 eV per formula).By changing the electric polarization direction,the Rashba spin texture of YSbTe_(3)can be reversed.These out-standing properties make the ferroelectric Rashba semiconductor YSbTe_(3)quite promising for spintronic applications.

A Study on the Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International Chinese Teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea

International Chinese teachers are one of the determinants of the quality development of Confucius Institutes,and their cross-cultural sociocultural adaption,psychological adaption,and job adaption are in need of in-depth investigation and research.Based on previous research,this paper analyzed the cross-cultural adaptation of international Chinese teachers at Confucius Institutes in South Korea during 2022-2023 through surveys and personal interviews.The study found that the teachers’adaptation was best in terms of work,followed by sociocultural adaptation,and weakest in terms of psychological adaptation.In terms of work adaptation,attention should be focused on adapting to teaching language and teaching methods.In terms of sociocultural adaptation,the focus should be on adapting to personal communication.In terms of psychological adaptation,attention should be paid to feelings of loneliness and anxiety.The study also focused on the internal and external factors influencing their cross-cultural adaptation,as well as the true inner feelings of international Chinese teachers.The study found that factors such as English proficiency,gender,education,professional background,and overseas experience had little impact on teachers’cross-cultural adaptation,while factors such as Korean proficiency,participation in cross-cultural training before going to South Korea,understanding of Korean culture before going to South Korea,and length of time spent in working in South Korea had a greater impact on the cross-cultural adaptation of the research subjects.This study provides reliable reference materials for international Chinese teachers going to South Korea to improve their cross-cultural adaptation abilities and promote the reform and innovation of international Chinese education.

Syntheses,crystal structures,and quantum chemistry calculation of two Ni(Ⅱ)coordination polymers

Two new coordination polymers,[Ni(Hpdc)(bib)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(1)and{[Ni(bib)_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2)}_(n)(2),were prepared by mixing Ni^(2+),3,5⁃pyrazoledicarboxylic acid(H3pdc)/p⁃nitrobenzoic acid and 1,4⁃bis(imidazol⁃1⁃ylmethyl)butane(bib)by a hydrothermal method,respectively.X⁃ray crystallography reveals a 2D network constructed by six⁃coordinated Ni(Ⅱ)centers,bib,and Hpdc2-ligands in complex 1,while a 2D network is built by Ni(Ⅱ)and bib ligands in 2.Furthermore,the quantum⁃chemical calculations have been performed on‘molecular fragments’extracted from the crystal structure of 1 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method in Gaussian 16 and the VASP program.CCDC:2343794,1;2343798,2.

Molecular simulation study of the microstructures and properties of pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]mixed with acetonitrile

The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this work.The following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution function.The results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient decreases.Additionally,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then increases.The rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are different.With increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then decreases.This indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.

How is a black hole created from nothing?

Using the synchronous coordinates,the creation of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as a coherent creation of a collection of timelike geodesics.The previously supposed conical singularities do not exist at the horizons of the constrained instanton.Instead,the unavoidable irregularity is presented as a nonvanishing second fundamental form elsewhere at the quantum transition 3-surface.The same arguments can be applied to charged,topological,or higher dimensional black hole cases.

Machine learning molecular dynamics simulations of liquid methanol

As the simplest hydrogen-bonded alcohol,liquid methanol has attracted intensive experimental and theoretical interest.However,theoretical investigations on this system have primarily relied on empirical intermolecular force fields or ab initio molecular dynamics with semilocal density functionals.Inspired by recent studies on bulk water using increasingly accurate machine learning force fields,we report a new machine learning force field for liquid methanol with a hybrid functional revPBE0 plus dispersion correction.Molecular dynamics simulations on this machine learning force field are orders of magnitude faster than ab initio molecular dynamics simulations,yielding the radial distribution functions,selfdiffusion coefficients,and hydrogen bond network properties with very small statistical errors.The resulting structural and dynamical properties are compared well with the experimental data,demonstrating the superior accuracy of this machine learning force field.This work represents a successful step toward a first-principles description of this benchmark system and showcases the general applicability of the machine learning force field in studying liquid systems.

Study on the Mechanism of Nanopatterning in Printed Electronics Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation

In order to research the feasibility of using the selective adsorption principle to achieve automatic shaping of nano patterns,in this study,using the liquid gallium as the conductive ink and graphene as the printing plate surface,by changing the surface wettability of patterned areas on the nanoscale of graphene printed boards,the automatic formation of liquid gallium patterns on the graphene printed plate surface was simulated.The results indicated that liquid gallium can achieve automatic patterning on the surface of graphene patterned areas;the greater the interaction energy between gallium and carbon atoms,the clearer the pattern;gallium liquid is prone to remain in complex local positions of the pattern,making it difficult to shape the pattern;if the spacing between adjacent pattern lines is too large or too small,it will result in residual gallium liquid between the lines;increasing the thickness of the gallium film will cause the pattern to expand beyond the boundary,but increasing the thickness of the gallium film can also enhance the thickness and uniformity of the pattern lines.In summary,the principle of selective adsorption can be used to achieve the automatic formation of nano patterns,and the pattern formation effect is influenced by factors such as atomic interaction energy and pattern configuration.

齿轮耦合的转子-轴承系统非线性动力特性的研究

在考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、脱齿、挤齿及齿背接触 等因素的情况下，建立了齿轮耦合的转子—滑动轴承系统的多自由度动力学模型。用数值方 法研究了该系统的质量不平衡响应，结果发现，由于齿轮时变啮合刚度的影响，随着转速的 增加，系统动力学响应首先由周期运动向准周期运动变化，当转速超过某一值时，系统的响应将由准周期运动发展为混沌运动；由于混沌运动，转子将沿齿轮中心线方向产生很大的变 形，脱齿、齿背接触及挤齿现象也将发生，可能导致系统产生破坏。

Improvement Mechanism of Adhesion Performance of Anti-stripping Agents and Coupling Agents on Asphalt-Aggregate Interface Based on Molecular Dynamics

This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.

Characterization of the dissociation pathways of dichloromethane and glutathione in dichloromethane dehalogenase

Dichloromethane(DCM)dehalogenase stands as a crucial enzyme implicated in the degradation of methylene chloride across diverse environmental and biological contexts.However,the unbinding pathways of ligands from DCM dehalogenase remain unexplored.In order to gain a deeper understanding of the binding sites and dissociation pathways of dichloromethane(DCM)and glutathione(GSH)from the DCM dehalogenase,random accelerated molecular dynamics(RAMD)simulations were performed,in which DCM and GSH were forced to leave the active site.The protein structure was predicted using Alphafold2,and the conformations of GSH and DCM in the binding pocket were predicted by docking.A long equilibrium simulation was conducted to validate the structure of the complex.The results show that GSH is most commonly observed in three main pathways,one of which is more important than the other two.In addition,DCM was observed to escape along a unique pathway.The key residues and protein helices of each pathway were identified.The results can provide a theoretical foundation for the subsequent dissociation mechanism of DCM dehalogenase.