新乡市博物馆馆藏商“子龙”铜戈研究

铜戈作为夏、商、周时期最常见、最主要的长柄格斗兵器,在三代的军事生活中占有重要的地位。新乡市博物馆馆藏铜戈数量丰富,中原区域风格明显,其中馆藏商"子龙"铜戈尤其引人注目。文章通过对馆藏商"子龙"铜戈的基本介绍,着重研究了馆藏商"子龙"铜戈基本形制、外观、铭文等,探讨了短銎无胡戈在商代的发展与衰落。

Development of a SCAR marker for male gametophyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis based on AFLP technique

The red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis(Bory) is an economically valuable macroalgae. As a means to identify the sex of immature Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the amplifi ed fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) technique was used to search for possible sex- or phase-related markers in male gametophytes, female gametophytes, and tetrasporophytes, respectively. Seven AFLP selective amplifi cation primers were used in this study. The primer combination E-TG/M-CCA detected a specifi c band linked to male gametophytes. The DNA fragment was recovered and a 402-bp fragment was sequenced. However, no DNA sequence match was found in public databases. Sequence characterized amplifi ed region(SCAR) primers were designed from the sequence to test the repeatability of the relationship to the sex, using 69 male gametophytes, 139 female gametophytes, and 47 tetrasporophytes. The test results demonstrate a good linkage and repeatability of the SCAR marker to sex. The SCAR primers developed in this study could reduce the time required for sex identifi cation of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis by four to six months. This can reduce both the time investment and number of specimens required in breeding experiments.

Effect of Chengzai Pill on the L-Type Ca^(2+) Channel Currents of Osteoblasts Pretreated with Methylprednisolone

Objective: To observe the effect of the serum containing Chengzai Pill on the L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels current (L-VSCCsC) of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells pretreated with methylprednisolone (mPSL). Methods: A control group, a model group, a low dose group and a high dose group were set up. The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record L-VSCCsC of 10 osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in each group and their peak currents were determined. Results: The peak current of the control group was 0.2284±0.0209 nA; the peak current of the model group was 0.1839±0.0179 nA; decreased by 19.5% as compared with the control group (P<0.01); the peak current of the low and high dose groups was 0.2526± 0.0093 nA and 0.2671±0.0120 nA respectively, increased by 37.4% and 45.2% as compared with the model group (P<0.01); the difference between the low and high dose groups was P<0.05. Conclusion: 1. mPSL inhibits L-VSCCsC of osteoblasts; and 2. The serum containing Chengzai Pill increases L-VSCCsC of osteoblasts pretreated with mPSL.

Suppression of gold nanoparticle agglomeration and its separation via nylon membranes

Use of ultraporous nylon membrane is one of the most widely employed techniques for removal of hard and soft nanoparticles in the semiconductor industry, and the accurate determination of membrane pore size is necessary in order to avoid manufacturing defects caused by contamination. The gold nanoparticle has several benefits for the evaluation of polymeric membranes; however, the nanoparticles agglomerate easily on the nylon membrane and make it difficult to evaluate the membrane precisely. The properties of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol(ADP) ligand in gold nanoparticle solution were systematically investigated, and ADP was utilized for improved evaluation of the nylon membranes. Nylon membrane used in this study was prepared by phase inversion techniques. Ultrathin dense layer on top of the membrane surface and Darcy structures in the microporous membrane support were observed. The gold particle rejection was carried out at various p H values from 4 to14 and higher rejection was observed at p H 4 and 8. The suppression of gold colloid agglomeration using ADP and monodispersity of gold colloids was also analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). van der Waals interaction energy of the particles was reduced in the addition of ADP. The presence of ADP ligand in the gold solutions prevented the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles and reduced the adsorption of the particles on the nylon membrane surface,leading to precise evaluation of membrane pore sizes.

Down-regulation of transforming growth factor β1/activin receptor-like kinase 1 pathway gene expression by herbal compound 861 is related to deactivation of LX-2 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of herbal compound 861 (Cpd861) on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/ activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1, type Ⅰ receptor) signaling-pathway-related gene expression in the LX-2 cell line, and the inhibitory mechanism of Cpd861 on the activation of LX-2 cells. METHODS: LX-2 cells were treated with TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL) Cpd861 (0.1 mg/mL), TGFβ1 (5 ng/mL) plus Cpd861 (5 ng/mL) for 24 h to investigate the effect of Cpd861 on the TGFβ1/ALK1 pathway. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), ALK1, Id1 (inhibitor of differentiation 1). Western blotting was carried out to measure the levels of α-SMA and phosphorylated Smad1, and immunocytochemical analysis for the expression of α-SMA. RESULTS: In LX-2 cells, TGFβ1/ALK1-pathway-related gene expression could be stimulated by TGFβ1, which led to excessive activation of the cells. Cpd861 decreased the activation of LX-2 cells by reducing the expression of α-SMA mRNA and protein expression. This effect was related to inhibition of the above TGFβ1/ALK1-pathway- related expression of genes such as Id1 and ALK1, and phosphorylation of Smad1 in LX-2 cells, even with TGFβ1 co-treatment for 24 h. CONCLUSION: Cpd861 can restrain the activation of LX-2 cells by inhibiting the TGFβ1/ALK1/Smad1 pathway.

Effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in a rat model of colitis

AIM:To investigate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii) in an experimental rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis.METHODS:Thirty-two Wistar albino female rats were categorized into five groups.On the first day of the study,50 mg TNBS was administered via a rectal catheter in order to induce colitis in all rats,except those in the control group.For 14 d,the rats were fed a standard diet,without the administration of any additional supplements to either the control or TNBS groups,in addition to 1 mg/kg per day S.boulardii to the S.boulardii group,1 mg/kg per day methyl prednisolone(MP) to the MP group.The animals in the S.boulardii + MP group were coadministered these doses of S.boulardii and MP.During the study,weight loss,stool consistency,and the presence of obvious blood in the stool were evaluated,and the disease activity index(DAI) for colitis was recorded.The intestines were examined and colitis was macro-and microscopically scored.The serum and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and nitric oxide(NO) were determined,and fungemia was evaluated in the blood samples.RESULTS:The mean DAI scores for the MP and S.boulardii + MP groups was significantly lower than the TNBS group(3.69 ± 0.61 vs 4.46 ± 0.34,P = 0.018 and 3.77 ± 0.73 vs 4.46 ± 0.34,P = 0.025,respectively).While no significant differences between the TNBS and the S.boulardii or MP groups could be determined in terms of serum NO levels,the level of serum NO in the S.boulardii + MP group was significantly higher than in the TNBS and S.boulardii groups(8.12 ± 4.25 μmol/L vs 3.18 ± 1.19 μmol/L,P = 0.013;8.12 ± 4.25 μmol/L vs 3.47 ± 1.66 μmol/L,P = 0.012,respectively).The tissue NO levels in the S.boulardii,MP and S.boulardii + MP groups were significantly lower than the TNBS group(16.62 ± 2.27 μmol/L vs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L,P = 0.002;14.66 ± 5.18 μmol/Lvs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L,P = 0.003;11.95 ± 2.34 μmol/Lvs 29.72 ± 6.10 μmol/L,P = 0.002,respectively).The tissue NO levels in the S.boulardii,MP and S.boulardii + MP groups were similar.The mean serum and tissue TNF-α levels were determined to be 12.97 ± 18.90 pg/mL and 21.75 ± 15.04 pg/mL in the control group,18.25 ± 15.44 pg/mL and 25.27 ± 11.95 pg/mL in the TNBS group,20.59 ± 16.15 pg/mL and 24.39 ± 13.06 pg/mL in the S.boulardii group,9.05 ± 5.13 pg/mL and 24.46 ± 10.85 pg/mL in the MP group,and 13.95 ± 10.17 pg/mL and 24.26 ± 10.37 pg/mL in the S.boulardii + MP group.Significant differences in terms of the levels of serum and tissue TNF-α and the macroscopic and microscopic scores were not found between the groups.S.boulardii fungemia was not observed in any of the rats.However,Candida fungemia was detected in one rat(14%) in the TNBS group,two rats(28%) in the S.boulardii group,three rats(50%) in the MP group,and three rats(42%) in S.boulardii + MP group.CONCLUSION:S.boulardii does not demonstrate considerable effects on the DAI,pathological scores,or cytokine levels but does decrease the tissue NO levels.

TCM DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF CHILD HOOD PERSISTING PNEUMONIA -A Report of 52 Cases

According to TCM differentiation of the symptoms and signs, 52 children with presisting pneumonia were divided into the following four types: 1) deficiency of body fluid due to accumulation of heat in the lung, 2) earth failing to generate metal, 3) deficiency of the Ying and Wei systems, and 4) excessiveness of pathogens due to qi deficiency. After treatment for 2-3 weeks, 40 cases were cured, 8 improved, and 4 ineffective.

Electroanalytical studies on electrically conductive polyaniline： Nylon-6,6 composite film

Electrically conductive composite films ofpolyaniline and nylon-6.6 are prepared by diffusing aniline followed by oxidative polymerization of aniline into nylon-6.6 matrix. In order to determine the diffusion coefficient for the chloride ion diffusion into the composite matrix electrochemically, galvanostatic pulse method is used and the diffusion coefficient is estimated to be -6.48× 10^-17 cm^2s^-1. The results are discussed in view of them being potential replacement materials for battery. electrodes and sensors devices.

中西医结合治疗长期生存心脏移植患者合并新型冠状病毒感染(重型)1例

报告1例长期生存心脏移植患者合并新型冠状病毒感染(重型)的中西医结合治疗过程。患者治疗中始终予西医积极对症治疗,中医药治疗历经益气补中、健脾化痰,通阳散结、祛湿化痰、活血化瘀,最终以回阳救逆、化痰利水、活血通络为主要治则,予破格子龙宣白承气汤加减收功。总结治疗经验,免疫抗排斥方案的及时调整、以抗新型冠状病毒为主导的多种抗感染药物联合运用、心肾功能保护以及中医药的联合使用,在整个治疗过程中发挥了重要作用。因病例罕见,其中医辨证诊治及中医药使用、免疫抑制剂的启动时机及后续监测思路值得借鉴。

Effects of Wuwei Dilong Decoction on Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines in Asthma Model Guinea Pigs

Objective： To explore the effects and the mechanism of Wuwei Dilong Decoction （五味地龙汤 Schisandra Fruit and Earthworm Decoction） for treatment of asthma. Methods： The asthma guinea pig model was established with spray of ovalbumin （OVA）. Fifteen days later, the guinea pigs were administered by intra-gastric perfusion of Wuwei Dilong Decoction once a day for 8 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken for testing the total leucocytes, eosinophil （EOS）, lymphocytes, interferon-γ （IFN-γ） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4）. Results： In the asthma model group, the total leucocytes, EOS and lymphocytes were all increased, with significant differences as compared with the different dosage Wuwei Dilong Decoction groups （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The serum LTB4 in the asthma model group was significantly increased and IFN-γ decreased. After administration of Wuwei Dilong Decoction of the large, medium and small dosages, LTB4 decreased, while IFN-7 increased （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Wuwei Dilong Decoction can inhibit infiltration and diffusion of the inflammatory cells in the asthma model guinea pigs, and regulate LTB4 and IFN-γ, which is probably one of the important mechanisms of Wuwei Dilong Decoction for relieving asthma.

Tail loss affects fecundity but not offspring traits in the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis

We used the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis as a model animal to study the effects of tail loss on reproductive in- vestment and offspring traits. A total of 147 wild-captured adult females were divided into four groups according to their tail con- ditions. Tail breaks occurred most frequently in the proximal portion of the tail and least frequently in the distal portion, with the middle portion in between. This finding suggests that tail breaks occurring in nature often entails substantial energetic costs in E. chinensis where the tail is a major site of energy storage. The proportion of females that laid eggs was higher in females with in- tact or completely regenerated tails than in those with broken tails. Following whole-tail autotomy, the clutch size was reduced by 17%, and the clutch mass was reduced by 14%. Females undergoing substantial tail autotomy reduced reproductive investment, and they did so by reducing the number but not the size of eggs produced. None of the egg and hatchling traits was affected by tail loss. Comparing our data with those reported for other oviparous and viviparous skinks allows us to draw two general conclu- sions： one is that fecundity （clutch or litter size） is affected by tail loss in all species so far studied, whereas offspring size is af- fected by tail loss in some species, but not in others; the other is that the reduction in fecundity following tail loss is more evident in species lacking abdominal fat bodies

Effects of rapamycin against paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

Background and aims： Ingestion of paraquat （PQ）, a widely used herbicide, can cause severe toxicity in humans, leading to a poor survival rate and prognosis. One of the main causes of death by PQ is PQ-induced pul- monary fibrosis, for which there are no effective therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ra- pamycin （PAPA） on inhibiting PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and to explore its possible mechanisms. Methods： Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either saline （control group） or PQ （10 mg/kg body weight, intraper- itoneally; test group）. The test group was divided into four subgroups： a PQ group （PQ-exposed, non-treated）, a PQ＋RAPA group （PQ-exposed, treated with RAPA at I mg/kg intragastrically）, a PQ＋MP group （PQ-exposed, treated with methylprednisolone （MP） at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally）, and a PQ＋MP＋RAPA group （PQ-exposed, treated with MP at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally and with PAPA at 1 mg/kg intragastrically）. The survival rate and body weight of all the mice were recorded every day. Three mice in each group were sacrificed at 14 d and the rest at 28 d after intox- ication. Lung tissues were excised and stained with hematoxylin-eosin （H＆E） and Masson＇s trichrome stain for his- topathological analysis. The hydroxyproline （HYP） content in lung tissues was detected using an enzyme-linked im- munosorbent assay （ELISA） kit. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results： A mice model of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established. Histological examination of lung tissues showed that PAPA treatment moderated the pathological changes of pulmonary fibrosis, including alveolar collapse and interstitial collagen depo- sition. HYP content in lung tissues increased soon after PQ intoxication but had decreased significantly by the 28th day after PAPA treatment. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting showed that PAPA treatment significantly down-regulated the enhanced levels of TGF-β1 and e-SMA in lung tissues caused by PQ exposure. However, PAPA treatment alone could not significantly ameliorate the lower survival rate and weight loss of treated mice. MP treatment enhanced the survival rate, but had no significant effects on attenuating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis or reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and a-SMA. Conclusions： This study demonstrates that PAPA treatment effectively suppresses PQ-induced alveolar collapse and collagen deposition in lung tissues through reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and a-SMA. Thus, RAPA has potential value in the treatment of PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis.