美国儿童养育的“学校化”——对“家长参与”政策的工具理性的评析

20世纪60年代至今,美国家长参与政策致力于将家长参与学校教育涵盖所有家庭。基于学校教育与经济成功关系框架的家长参与政策已经将家庭视为一种工具,而非独立的教育系统。政策以学业成绩为起点,通过确立家长问责框架、建构家长参与能力以及家长参与方式建模和普及化等路径,不断将家长参与学校教育作为一种"好的儿童养育"予以强化,以此促使家长"专业地"履行养育职责。在政策框架下,儿童养育的内涵被"学校化",家长与儿童之间的关系被"对象化",这意味着家校合作时代背景下的一种家校关系扭曲。

Genetic Correction and Hepatic Differentiation of Hemophilia B-specific Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Objective To genetically correct a disease-causing point mutation in human induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） derived from a hemophilia B patient. Methods First, the disease-causing mutation was detected by sequencing the encoding area of human coagulation factor IX （F IX） gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from the iPSCs, and the primers were designed to amplify the eight exons of F IX. Next, the point mutation in those iPSCs was genetically corrected using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the presence of a 129-nucleotide homologous repair template that contained two synonymous mutations. Then, top 8 potential off-target sites were subsequently analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Finally, the corrected clones were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells, and the secretion of F IX was validated by immunocytochemistry and ELISA assay.Results The cell line bore a missense mutation in the 6th coding exon （c.676 C〉T） of F IX gene. Correction of the point mutation was achieved via CRISPR/Cas9 technology in situ with a high efficacy at about 22% （10/45） and no off-target effects detected in the corrected iPSC clones. F IX secretion, which was further visualized by immunocytochemistry and quantified by ELISA in vitro, reached about 6 ng/ml on day 21 of differentiation procedure. Conclusions Mutations in human disease-specific iPSCs could be precisely corrected by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and corrected cells still maintained hepatic differentiation capability. Our findings might throw a light on iPSC-based personalized therapies in the clinical application, especially for hemophilia B.

The Journalist as ＂Audience＂ and ＂Worker＂： Results of Empirical Research With Freelance Journalists of S^o Paulo

This article presents the results of empirical research with freelance journalists from the city of Sao Paulo, involving quantitative and qualitative research methods and the theoretical-methodological from the Reception Studies and Ergology. It is a theoretical and empirical approach, whose developments have been used by the Communication and Work Research Group of Communications and Arts School--University of SAo Paulo, Brazil. The reception from the world of work shows how changes in the labor act concretely in daily life subjectively and how they manifest in the sphere of cultural consumption. The research shows how, from the reception, the journalists reveal from which place they talk about the world, the society, and their own work. The reception is revealed as the moment par excellence ＂to talk about work＂. When talking about the other＇s work, the journalists are confronted with their own work and reveal, in their discourse, values and dramas of real activity of communication and work.

Cross-Cultural Bioethics at an International University in Japan

Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian students. To improve analytical thinking skills among college students, a course on ＂bioethics＂ was introduced and offered in two consecutive semesters to undergraduate students for which 245 students registered at each semester. The course was taught in the form of 14 lecture and discussion sessions, each for 95 minutes based on the content of A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics （2006） edited by Darryl Macer, and reviewed a wide variety of ethical and bioethical issues. In the next semester, the students received a similar teaching content that was rearranged to reflect the 15 universal principles of bioethics and human rights covered in the Bioethics Core Curriculum （2008）. Case studies were also added to each unit of the Core Curriculum with the support of the UNESCO＇s Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok （Case Studies for Bioethics 2010）. To evaluate the results of teaching and to compare the achieved objectives between the two groups of students, a short questionnaire was given to all students who finished the course and took up the final written examination. In the whole, 454 students （225 in group I and 229 in group 2） completed the course and took the final examination and 427 （218 in group 1 and 209 in group 2） responded to the questionnaire which inquired into their interest in the discussion of bioethical issues： why they believed they were important, and what they had learned through them. The results of the questionnaire have been examined and compared to evaluate the success of ＂bioethics＂ in stimulating the interest and thinking ability of the students and enriching their experience of a cross-cultural discussion over bioethical issues using universal principles as general guidance. The result of this examination was so impressive that from 2011 bioethics has been formalized into the reformed curriculum of our international school.

On Chinese New School in portrait sculpture

＂The new academic portrait sculpture＂ is the mainstream style of Chinese contemporary portrait sculpture, it attempts to rethink traditional and contemporary cultural on the basis of the traditional realism College. Perhaps this attempt was coordinated with Chinese traditional ＂ eclectic, absorbing ＂ idea, and soon was unanimously affirmed. Parts of the second generation of sculptors have begun to ＂ adapt to the times,＂ the vast majority of third-generation sculptors completed the transition very quickly, and therefore produced various works, such as Li Xiangqun＇ s ＂Guo Moruo ＂, Jiang Jie ＇ s ＂ classmates series ＂etc.

The Importance of Parent＇s Intervention in Early Years

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of parent involvement and intervention in early childhood education. What formulates the lock and key theory in early childhood programs is parental participation versus educational achievement. Upon the parents＇ vital involvement, it is perceived that social and cognitive development, aided by educators, will be significantly achieved. Furthermore, parent＇s early intervention is an added value to classrooms and schools, for it creates a dimension of involvement in the decisions which shape the children＇s education as a whole. Moreover, and due to parent/teacher cooperation in the classroom and at home, the child＇s interest in learning will be triggered, yielding other positive outcomes. Therefore, people must emphasize the parent＇s role in order to aid children＇s complex and evolving multi-cultural and global nature.

Cultural Presence of the Cretan Biodiversity in the Minoan Period and nowadays： A Discovery School Teaching Approach

The educational project prepared for students of High School 15-17 years old with the subject of Biodiversity in Minoan Period and Nowadays. It was an interdisciplinary approach of ecological and cultural views of biodiversity. Special educational material was prepared with photos and texts of archaeological excavations and field sampling which was used in real and virtual environment, in t~ discovery teaching of Natural Sciences and History subjects. Students, in a scientific research project with constructive teachings, followed the procedures by which scientists gather, analyze, synthesize, process and evaluate information of organisms of Crete since 4000 years. Crete is located between the natural limits of three continents, having the unique privilege to host permanently or in migration, distinctive species of these three continents. After having the research questions, teachers collected the educational material, organized the work groups, implemented the didactic intervention in the classroom, had the field sampling of plants, recognized the synchronous local and scientific names of the plants, constructed the botany book, photographed the collected organisms and all the concentrated material was delivered to the team members.

Linguistic Justice and Dual Language Programs

This paper makes the case that education aimed at Hispanic or Latino children in the United States needs to recognize both their linguistic and cultural roots （raices） as well as the educational wings （alas）. The reason the author believes dual language programs could benefit all is due to the fact that if done properly, it should promote bilingualism, respect, and equity for all students in the school. Dual language programs are relatively new in the United States. These programs aim to create bilingual, bicultural students without sacrificing these students＇ success in school or beyond. The goals of dual language are to provide high-quality instruction for language-minority students and to provide instruction in a second language for English-speaking students. Schools teach children through content, with teachers adapting their instruction to ensure children＇s comprehension and using content lessons to convey vocabulary and language structure. Striving for a balance of half language minority students and half English speaking students in each classroom, dual language programs also aim to teach cross-cultural awareness. Programs vary in terms of the amount of time they devote to each language, which grade levels they serve, how much structure they impose for the division of language and curriculum, and what populations they serve.

Multi-micronutrient Fortified Beverage Delivered through the School-Based System Improved Iron Status and Test Scores of Children

Fortifying commonly consumed foods and beverages offers a great opportunity of filling the nutrient gap between actual and the needed nutrient intakes of young children. Ready-to-drink beverage as a vehicle for fortification is easy to administer, more consistent and least obstructive, because it can be consumed without further processing/cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fortified beverage on the improving of iron status and school performance test of schoolchildren. About 5,000 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years old from 19 schools in Quirino province, Philippines were invited to participate in the study. Samples of 4,875 children with parental consent were screened for hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. About 4,495 children had complete participation in the school performance test, which were developed and administered by school supervisors. Children were fed 200 mL ready-to-drink juice fortified with iron, zinc, lysine, vitamins A and C for 120 d. The beverage was delivered through the baseline. At end of the intervention, only 1,050 children had complete data set and the anemia rate reduced from 100% to 60%. Iron deficiency has increased insignificantly from 3.6% to 4.5%. Mean percentage of test scores increased significantly between base and end of the study： English （40% to 60%）, math （35% to 58%） and science （32% to 58%）. In conclusion, consumption of 200 mL fortified juice drink had contributed to the reduction of anemia and increased tests scores of children.

Chinese Soft Power:Is There Such a Thing?

Will China be the dominant superpower of the 21st century？Some believe this to be a given.But the fact is that two schools of thought are seriously debating this question,in the U.S.and elsewhere.The members of school A say that China＇s GDP has overtaken that of the U.S.in purchasing power parity,and that it will surpass the U.S.in nominal terms around 2030.China,therefore,with its modernized army,nuclear

The Construction of New Diversified Teaching Modes Based on the Training of Workplace English Proficiency-- Research on Vocational Public English Practical Teaching

The current vocational public English education system can not meet the demands of society and market, so there＇ s still a big gap between the capacity of students＇ workplace English and market demands. Therefore, the vocational public English teaching should change the traditional English teaching modes, and construct new diversified teaching modes based on the training of workplace English proficiency, which enables students to master the workplace English through practical work tasks. The practical teaching process is an effective way to realize this teaching aim. So the training of students＇ workplace English capacity is the primary task of English teaching reform in vocational colleges.

Existing problems that TVU have on learning support service system

There are some existing problems that TVU have on learning support service system. By analyzing the status quo of TVU learning support system, we raise problems such as current quality of personnel, teaching resources, part-time teacher management, teaching facilities, campus culture and other issues.

Analysis on the Optimization of the P.E. Course Teaching Plan in Colleges and Universities

In the new period, the physical education in colleges and universities is of greater and greater significance for the enhancement of students＇ learning efficiency. In this paper, the current situation of the current physical education is analyzed, and also related suggestions on the optimization of the P.E. course teaching plan are proposed.

The Teaching Practice Exploration from the Science and Technology English to Academic English of University in Digital Environment

The globalization development of science and technology makes academic English education in Chinese universities become a trend, and the establishment and application of digital teaching environment also provides an efficient technical support for the teaching and practice of Academic English. Through its own characteristics and Academic English teaching requirements analysis, understand the function and role of digital environment in academic English teaching and trying to propose effective strategies for Academic English Teaching Practice Exploration.

Observation on Theory-practice Teaching Mode of of Taxation Practice in Higher Vocational Colleges

Integrated teaching mode of theory and practice not only can integrate the theoretical knowledge and practical jobs, combine the theory teaching and practical teaching, but also can motivate learning interest of students and cultivate the professional skill of vocational students. Therefore, based on analyzing the advantages of integrated teaching mode of theory and practice, the paper observes the integrated teaching method of theory and practice and observes the problems.

On the Research of Cultural Construction in Universities

Cultural construction plays an important part in the university construction. As a soft power, campus culture shows the features of tmiversities However, there are still problems in the process of cultural construction in universities such as the lack of the spirit of being diligent, rigorous, realistic and creative in studies. So it is necessary to find out solutions to solve these problems. And this paper is trying to help improve the cultural construction in universities.

Collegian Cultural Form of the American Entrepreneurial Universities and Its Enlightenment

The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneurial universities, and the spiritual culture, system culture, material culture and behavior culture elements of academic entrepreneurial characteristics depend on each other, influence each other and have a good cycle of cultural form, which is the internal driving mechanism of MIT and Stanford University towards entrepreneurial university development. In this cultural structure, the contradictory unity of academic and entrepreneurship, tile interaction between science and hummaity, the mutual promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship have the enlightenment significance for the construction of entrepreneurial university.

Addressing Religious Issues at UAE Schools in Times of Global Changes

After the era of globalization, religious diversity increases in most of the countries all over the world. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to discuss the necessity of teaching pupils about the different religions at schools in order for increasing their religious awareness about their own religion as well as improving their sensitivity towards other religions. Hence, such awareness and sensitivity may contribute to open the channels of dialogue among the new generations and prevent more violence from happening, as a result. In doing so, it will display the level of religious diversity around the world and the number of expected religious groups by 2050 as found by Pew Research Center （2015）. It will also briefly review the Islamic principles that are related to dealing with other religious groups. Moreover, it will present possible ways of how multiple religions can be taught in schools in order to transform pupils from religiocentric phases to religiorelative stages.

Analysis on the Teaching Model of Physical Education in Colleges based on Interactive Teaching Method and Participatory Teaching Method

In this paper, we conduct research on the teaching model of physical education in colleges based on interactive teaching method and participatory teaching method. Campus sports culture is a combination of basic social culture and sports culture in the campus group products, with cultural characteristics. System science is to provide the comprehensive approach for us, whether it is system engineering or operations research, whether the system analysis and network planning, the system provides the scientific research methods are first in the whole system of standing height above, students through the independent thinking, listening carefully, hands-on operation, active speech and other explicit behavior, and while constantly internalized teaching content and enrich their knowledge structure. Under this basis, this paper proposes the new idea of the teaching model of the physical education in colleges based on interactive teaching method and participatory teaching. The effect will be evaluated in the future research.

The Variability of the Snow and Ice Melt in Alpine Rivers in Northwestern China

The study of snow and ice melt （SIM） is important in water-scarce arid regions for the assessment of water supply and quality. These studies involve unique difficulties, especially in the calibration of hydro-models because there is no direct way to continuously measure the SIM at hydrostations. The recursive digital filter （RDF） and the isotopic hydro-geochemical method （IHM） were coupled to separate the SIM from eight observed series of alpine streamflows in northwestern China. Validation of the calibrated methods suggested a good capture of the SIM characteristics with fair accuracy in both space and time. Applications of the coupled methods in the upper reaches of the Hei River Basin （HRB） suggested a double peak curve of the SIM fraction to streamflow for the multi-component recharged （MCR） rivers, while a single peak curve was suggested for the rainfall-dominant recharged （RDR） rivers. Given inter-annual statistics of the separation, both types of the alpine rivers have experienced an obvious decrease of SIM since 196os. In the past 10 years, the SIM in the two types of rivers has risen to the levels of the 1970s, but has remained lower than the level of the 1960s. The study provided a considerable evidence to quantify the alpine SIMbased on the separation of observed data series at gauge stations. Application of the coupled method could be helpful in the calibration and validation of SIM-related hydro-models in alpine regions.