议“学程”设计背景下的语文学习情境创设

高中语文学科教学中,教师要主动邀请学生参与“学程”设计,学生会主动响应,并在参与过程中接受更多学习信息,在学习任务、学习活动、学习训练信息搜集,在学习程序规划,以及环节组织等过程中建立崭新的学习认同。因此,教师要从学生学习主体出发展开教学设计,主动与学生展开广泛互动交流,征询学生参与意见,对学生“学程”进行集体研究,明确其学习路线。

先“读进去”,再“走出来”——以《穷人》为例谈感受人物的“学程”设计

以《穷人》“学程”设计为例,探索儿童在读小说的“学程”中如何反复聚焦心理描写层层深入“读进去”,从而深刻感受人物形象;如何拓展维度升华认识“走出来”,从而开阔小说阅读的视野,让儿童读小说有深度体验的历程、思维进阶的空间,最终推进儿童读小说的能力提升。

儿童读小说“学程”设计的三个方面

儿童读小说存在同化为一般叙事、异化为一种套路、窄化为学课文的问题。为改变这一现状,借鉴“学习圈理论”为儿童读小说设计“学程”,从学习本身、文体本身、教材本身出发,探求儿童读小说的“闭合圈”,寻获儿童读小说的“流畅感”,定位儿童读小说的“服务区”。

建构儿童读小说的“闭合圈”——以《桥》为例谈关注情节的“学程”设计

以《桥》一课的教学为例,展示“学习圈理论”指导下关注小小说情节的“学程”设计,通过聚焦环境描写、意外结尾和语言特色,发掘作者在小小说情节推进、构思和基调上的巧妙之处,感受小小说的艺术魅力。

“学程”设计:离不开技术、动态和情意的观照

在梳理古今中外教与学重要研判的基础上,站在“学的课程”的背景和整体探求“学程”设计的基本内涵与操作,主要论述了学程即“学习的过程”“学习的进程”和“学习的历程”,这样的“学程”设计分别离不开技术、动态和情意的观照。

儿童读小说的“学程”课堂一例——《在柏林》一课教学处理

本文以《在柏林》教学为例,探索儿童阅读小说的“学程”:通过阅读方法的渗透指导,感知微型小说的“特点”,迁移阅读课外同类作品。通过阅读活动的步步深入,儿童不断比较、思辨,产生新的发现,最终指向阅读能力的不断提高。

Four basic laws in design science

A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.

A study on needs analysis of learners of Turkish language

This paper reports a small-scale study of needs analysis of leamers of Turkish as a foreign language at University of Florida. Needs analysis is described in the context of foreign language learning as ＂a systematic and ongoing process of gathering information about students＇ needs and preferences, interpreting the information and then making course decisions in order to meet those needs＂ （Graves, 2000, p. 74）. Because foreign language instruction has become much more learner-centered in recent years, needs analysis is a must for effective learning processes to occur （LONG, 1999, 2005; Kikuchi ＆ Apple, 2006）. In this context, the purpose of this pilot study is to gather information about the students＇ needs in learning Turkish at Center for European Studies, where less commonly taught languages, including Czech, Greek, Hungarian and Polish are offered. Drawing on interview data compiled from a number of studies （Tarone ＆ Yule, 1989; LI ＆ Richards, 1995）, the findings indicate that the students＇ needs may be grouped under four categories including their linguistic needs, their objectives in learning Turkish, learning resources, psychological and sociological factors that may impact their learning experiences. In the light of the interview findings, certain suggestions as to how to teach Turkish effectively are made.

The Design of Water-reusing Network with a Hybrid Structure Through Mathematical Programming

A new design method for a water-reusing network, with a hybrid structure, to reduce the complexity of the network and to minimize freshwater consumption, is proposed. The unique feature of the methodology proposed .in this article is to control the complexity of the water network by regulation of the control number in a water-reusing system. It combines the advantages of a conventional water-reusing network and a water-reusing net work with internal water mains. To illustrate the proposed method, a single contaminant system and a multiple contaminant system serve as examples of the problems.

On Disciplinary Orientation and Course Design of Vocabulary Teaching

This paper argues that the present vocabulary teaching needs reorienting so as to achieve a more systematic and principled vocabulary teaching suitable for China＇s non-English majors. The author then tries to propose a new model of vocabulary teaching, which consists of explicit instruction, incidental learning and strategy training.

Effect of thermodynamic parameters on prediction of phase behavior and process design of extractive distillation

Extractive distillation was investigated for separation of the minimum azeotrope of n-propanol/water, via the Aspen Plus simulation platform. Experimental data of n-propanol/water, which could pass the thermodynamic consistency test, were regressed to get suitable binary interaction parameters(BIPs) by the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model. The azeotrope system was heterogeneous in the simulation with built-in BIPs, which was contrary to the experimental data. The study focused on the effect of thermodynamic parameters on the prediction of phase behavior, and process design of extractive distillation. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) and ethylene glycol were used as solvents to implement the separation. Processes with built-in and regressed BIPs were explored,based on the minimum total annual cost(TAC). There were significant differences in the phase behavior simulation using different thermodynamic parameters, which showed the importance of BIPs in the design and optimization of extractive distillation.

Marine Structures: Future Trends and the Role of Universities

This paper emphasizes some of the challenges and trends associated with the future development of marine structures. Its main focus is on ways to improve the efficiency of energy-consuming ships, and on design challenges related to energy-producing offshore structures. This paper also discusses the analysis tools that are most needed to enable sustainable designs for future ships and offshore structures. The last section of the paper contains thoughts on the role of universities in education, research, and innovation regarding marine structures. It discusses curriculum requirements for maritime-technology education, basic research activities, and international cooperation.

A Property Based Approach for Simultaneous Process and Molecular Design

In this work, property clustering techniques and group contribution methods are combined to enable simultaneous consideration of process performance requirements and molecular property constraints. Using this methodology, the process design problem is solved to identify the property targets corresponding to the desired process performance. A significant advantage of the developed methodology is that for problems that can be satisfactorily described by only three properties, the process and molecular design problems can be simultaneously solved visually on a ternary diagram, irrespective of how many molecular fragments are included in the search space. On the ternary cluster diagram, the target properties are represented as individual points if given as discrete values or as a region if given as intervals. The structure and identity of candidate components is then identified by combining or ＂mixing＂ molecular fragments until the resulting properties match the targets.

Dynamic programming based ray-space interpolation for free-viewpoint video system

This paper presents a free viewpoint video （FVV） system based on ray-space interpolation method The new algorithm matches individual pixels in corresponding scanline pairs by using a ruing technique. A sparse intermediate view disparity map is projected from matched dynamic programpixels firstly, and the holes （occluded pixels） are filled in by propagating the disparity of neighboring background pixels. After interpolating dense view images, an arbitrary virtual view image can be easily rendered from the dense ray-space converted from these view images. The proposed method is evaluated on the Middlebury data set and compared with other methods, experimental results show that the better quality of the intermediate view is obtained and the corresponding computational complexity is reduced significantly.

Hybrid heuristic and mathematical programming in oil pipelines networks: Use of immigrants

We solve the problem of petroleum products distribution through oil pipelines networks. This problem is modelled and solved using two techniques: A heuristic method like a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and Mathematical Programming. In the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, several objective functions are defined to express the goals of the solutions as well as the preferences among them. Some constraints are included as hard objective functions and some are evaluated through a repairing function to avoid infeasible solutions. In the Mathematical Programming approach the multiobjective optimization is solved using the Constraint Method in Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Some constraints of the mathematical model are nonlinear, so they are linearized. The results obtained with both methods for one concrete network are presented. They are compared with a hybrid solution, where we use the results obtained by Mathematical Programming as the seed of the evolutionary algorithm.

Arguing the capacity of ＂word knowledge framework＂ to explain the nature of vocabulary

The acquisition of word knowledge, in terms of breadth and depth, has a fundamental impact on language learning. A comprehensive framework of word knowledge is therefore needed to help language learners master all the aspects of word knowledge. This paper proposed a framework of word knowledge based on the literature review of the field. The pedagogical implications of the word knowledge framework were then proposed and discussed critically. Finally, it is proposed that syllabus designers need to consider the possibility of incorporating ＂word knowledge framework＂ into syllabus.

Nano-surface Engineering for Remanufacturing Application

As system of a serial of technologies and engineering activities, remanufacturing aims at restoring and rebuilding waste machinery through advanced technologies and industrialized measures under the direction of the product total life cycle theory. With the development of surface engineering, nano-surface engineering has been one subject of intensive studies. In addition, nano-surface engineering has become an important means for property reforming and promoting of remanufacturing parts. Many low-dimension and nano-size or nano-structure functional coatings, which can improve materials properties evidently, are deposited by new methods. In this paper, some researches about the new achievement and remanufacturing application of the nano-stmctured coatings by different nano-surface engineering technologies in our laboratory were introduced. Especially, nano-structured DLC multilayer coatings by d.c. plasma CVD, nano-composed Al2O3/Ni, SiC/Ni and Diamond/Ni coatings by brush plating, and nano-composed Al2O3/TiO2 coating by plasma spraying were introduced in detail.

Stylistics and college English test

Language learners can hardly develop their communicative competence and aesthetic appreciation of literary works without the awareness of stylistics. Since CET-4 and CET-6 direct college students in China, as learners of English as a foreign language, what to learn and how to learn English, they naturally reflect the importance of stylistics. This paper gives a stylistic analysis of the listening and reading part in CET-4 and CET-6 to show it is important for non-English majors to have some knowledge of stylistics.

Non-neutrality of English and English language teaching

Due to the popularity of English, English language teaching has taken up an important position in China＇s education. Teachers of English may seldom consider the power behind this widely-used language during the teaching process. This article starts with revealing the power behind language so as to let teachers be aware of the hidden power behind English language and be conscious that English language is not neutral. At the same time, it reminds teachers of English to have a critical attitude on their teaching practice and help students to balance the study of Chinese and English.

Evaluation of Relationship Between Clothing Pressure of Men's Suit and Comfort

An investigation on relationship between clothing pressure of men's suit and wearing comfort is conducted. With the pressure measurements at different parts of men's suit under normal standing posture and in motion, the objective assessment of the total comfort are related to the subjective ratings of clothing pressure. There is a common strong sensation of pressure on shoulder with normal standing posture, and a strong relationship between total comfort and clothing pressure in back armhole and the front of upper arm with posture in motion.