Overview on Soil Compaction and Sugar Beet Growth

With the advancement of agricultural mechanization,soil compaction has become a serious environmental problem.Soil compaction can increase soil bulk density and firmness,reduce porosity and permeability,and deteriorate soil structure,ultimately inhibit sugar beet growth and reduce both root yield and sugar content.However,few farmers recognize the link between soil compaction and these adverse effects.Soil compaction has a cumulative effect,with significant differences observed in the vertical range of compaction accumulation.The most significant soil compaction occurs in the topsoil of 0-10 cm,and the influence depth can reach 70 cm,but it is small in deep soil,and the inflection point is at a soil depth of 10 cm.The degree of soil compaction is related to soil type,water content,tractor shaft load,tyre type,tyre pressure and operation speed,etc.Therefore,in the production process of sugar beet,it is advisable to avoid high-humidity operations,use low pressure tyres,reduce the number of tractor-units passes over the farmland,and implement agricultural and agronomic measures to minimize soil compaction.These practices will help protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable production of sugar beets.

Digitalization of mine operations:Scenarios to benefit in real-time truck dispatching

One of the key factors in a profitable open-pit mine is the efficiency of the waste disposal system. Using GPS-technology, the truck-dispatching decisions can be made in real-time but the chosen strategy has a crucial role. Therefore, finding the optimal dispatching strategy for truck-shovel operations is extremely important. Dispatching strategies have been reported in the literature, but the comparison of these strategies is still missing. This paper illustrates the differences between the strategies by conducting a stochastic simulation study based on the data gathered from an actual mine. The findings underline the importance of the global vision in dispatching decisions.

Scoping biology-inspired chemical engineering

Biology is a rich source of great ideas that can inspire us to find successful ways to solve the challenging problems in engineering practices including those in the chemical industry. Bio-inspired chemical engineering(Bio Ch E)may be recognized as a significant branch of chemical engineering. It may consist of, but not limited to, the following three aspects: 1) Chemical engineering principles and unit operations in biological systems; 2) Process engineering principles for producing existing or developing new chemical products through living ‘devices';and 3) Chemical engineering processes and equipment that are designed and constructed through mimicking(does not have to reproduce one hundred percent) the biological systems including their physical–chemical and mechanical structures to deliver uniquely beneficial performances. This may also include the bio-inspired sensors for process monitoring. In this paper, the above aspects are defined and discussed which establishes the scope of BioChE.

Development of the Novel Grid Type Multi-stage Regeneration Technology for FCC Unit

Based on the results of cold model tests, LPEC has developed a technology for regeneration of FCC catalyst in a regenerator with novel grid type internals in order to intensify the contact between gas and solid and enhance the coke burning efficiency in the regenerator. Test results have revealed that the density change in the fluidized bed equipped with grid internals is relatively homogeneous and the bubbling fre- quency is obviously reduced with apparent improvements in the dead fluidized zone adjacent to the regen- erator wall, and this device can be applied to the intensified regeneration of catalyst in the FCC regenerator. The commercial application of this device in a 0.8 Mt/a RFCCU at the refinery A had indicated that the carbon content of regenerated catalyst was reduced to 0.03% from 0.18%, and the amount of coke burned was increased by 5% with a definite reduction in main air consumption of the regenerator and some density reduction in the dilute phase section of the regenerator.

Chromate and the Environment： Removal and Utilization of Industrial Waste

Chromate and dichromate sodium as a function of oxidizer characteristics are used in several industrial areas; for example, in surface protection of coated parts of cadmium, zinc and aluminum （chromate coated treated）, corrosion inhibitors, the treatment of leather, the manufacture of pigments, etc. However, the use of such products has been questioned due to the problems of toxicity and pollution that can be caused in the environmental. The Brazilian environmental agency has established that the concentrations of chromate in water courses are less than 0.5 ppm. In order to reuse chromate （CrO42） from industrial effluent, laboratory experiments have been proposed based on chemical reduction or electrolytic processes, in order to transform these chromate ions in a final mix of oxides （in solid form）, which can then be packed and sent to the production process of sodium chromate. The results of these experiments have become useful industrially （without regard to costs） considering the environmental reuse and the life cycle of the chemical compound.

The Geometry Effect in a Pioneering Experimental Study on the Batch Crystallization of the CAM

Far from being equivalent to host the process, the vessels play an active role in the crystallization thanks to their differently shaped bottoms. It was clearly pointed out through a meticulous experimental research on the batch crystallization of CAM （citric acid monohydrate） carried out in the years 1997-1998 by the author at the historic laboratories of＂La Sapienza＂ University of Rome. Such pioneering M.Sc. thesis, supervised by Prof. Barbara Mazzarotta （Department of Chemical Engineering）, was already summarized in an informative essay but, since the crystallization operating conditions to optimize were illustrated ＂collectively＂, it seemed necessary a further paper expounding uniquely the geometry effect. Our aim is to use all the data, collected and simulated, in order to show why the round-bottomed crystallizer performed better than the conical-bottomed one with the CAM from aqueous solutions, and why we should discard the flat-bottomed crystallizers.

On the effectiveness of the ideological and political education in higher vocational colleges

The ideological and political education in vocational colleges has ＂employment oriented＂, ＂practicability＂ and ＂practicalness＂ and other features, while facing the practical difficulties that the cultural spirit is insufficient, the specialization of the teachers is not strong, and the students lack their own active participation and so on. The higher vocational colleges must deepen the concepts of running higher vocational education, strengthen the construction of the team of the ideological and political theory education, pay more attention to the combination of the ideological and political education with the practice, cultivate the people-oriented model of the ideological and political education, and improve the effectiveness of the ideological and political education.

The Construction of New Diversified Teaching Modes Based on the Training of Workplace English Proficiency-- Research on Vocational Public English Practical Teaching

The current vocational public English education system can not meet the demands of society and market, so there＇ s still a big gap between the capacity of students＇ workplace English and market demands. Therefore, the vocational public English teaching should change the traditional English teaching modes, and construct new diversified teaching modes based on the training of workplace English proficiency, which enables students to master the workplace English through practical work tasks. The practical teaching process is an effective way to realize this teaching aim. So the training of students＇ workplace English capacity is the primary task of English teaching reform in vocational colleges.

Experimental Study of UDS Solvents for Purifying Highly Sour Natural Gas at Industrial Side-stream Plant

The desulfurization performance of the UDS solvents was investigated at an industrial side-stream plant and was compared with that of MDEA solvent.A mass transfer performance model was employed for explaining the COS absorption into different solvents.Meanwhile,the regeneration performance of the UDS solvents was evaluated in side-stream tests.Results indicate that under the conditions covering an absorption temperature of 40℃,a pressure of 8.0 MPa,and a gas to liquid volume ratio(V/L)of around 230,the H2S content in purified gas can be reduced to 4.2 mg/m3 and 0 by using solvents UDS-II and UDS-III,respectively.Moreover,the total sulfur content in both purified gases is less than 80 mg/m3.As a result,the UDS-III solvent shows by 30 percentage points higher in COS removal efficiency than MDEA.In addition,the total volume mass transfer coefficient of UDS solvent is found to be twice higher than that of MDEA.Furthermore,the UDS solvents exhibit satisfactory thermal stability and regeneration performance.

Build Enterprise Technical Standards Work Pattern to Adapt to New Condition

With new requirements proposed for technical standards work under the new circumstances,the article combining with the practice of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company Limited(WISCO)points out that enterprises must improve the work pattern of standards development and revision,and strengthen the standards implementation management and product quality supervision,so that technical standards can serve as a bridge between technologies and industrialization,support the industrial upgrading and structural optimization,create conditions for promoting trade and unify the market and provides means for global competition,helping enterprises to better cope with the increasing market competition.

Innovative Development and Commercialization of Technologies： Experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂

This article is concerned with analyzes of experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ as an important part of the innovation infrastructure of the Novosibirsk region. In this article the authors are formulated priorities for the development of an innovative economy： The promotion of investment growth in production infrastructure and innovation, increasing the orientation of research institutions to the needs of the real economy, the development of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy and the creation of necessary conditions. The article considers the key elements of innovation infrastructure. Also program ＂Development of high-tech industry and which Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ implements the this article is given a brief description of the complex target innovation in the industry to the city of Novosibirsk in 2020＂, in concept of technopark of distributed type, when the Technopark is built in the form of structural and autonomous innovation and technology centers established by the territorial-branch principle in conjunction with partner organizations. The analysis of the stories of success （and failure） of residents of Technopark is described in this article. Based on this analysis, which highlights the main factors contributing to the achievement of commercially meaningful results. These include training as an essential component of the innovation infrastructure. Describes the international educational programs implemented by the Innovative Technology Center ＂Education＂ at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management. It is noted that the most important result of the operation of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ was working out a model of public-private partnership that has allowed Technopark flourish, creating a network of specialized centers of innovation and technology. Finally the authors conclude that at the present time in Russia on almost all the basic elements of support for innovative entrepreneurship are created. At the same time a significant part of the difficulties cause problems originating from the external environment of business innovation

Research on Flexible Manufacturing System in Mechatronics Professional Comprehensive Training

According to the characteristics of flexible manufacturing systems, the article describes the equipment components and hardware architecture of flexible manufacturing systems in school. Taking welding assemble process as an example to elaborate production process automation, the paper put forward a flexible manufacaxring system combined with laboratory equipment and various grades, professional knowledge and teaching characteristics and differentiated teaching programs, the creation of the laboratory project was planned and implemented to specific engineering training programs, so that students has been expanded in the depth of expertise and breadth, experimental skills and innovation capacity has been improved, the teaching effect has also been significantly improved..

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Productivity on the North China Plain

Soil productivity is the ability of a soil, in its normal environment, to support plant growth and can be evaluated with respect to crop production in unfertilized soil within the agricultural ecosystem. Both soil productivity and fertilizer applications affect crop yields. A long-term experiment with a winter wheat-summer maize rotation was established in 1989 in a field of the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, a region typical of the North China Plain, including seven treatments： 1） a balanced application of NPK chemical fertilizers （NPK）; 2） application of organic fertilizer （OM）; 3） application of 50% organic fertilizer and 50% NPK chemical fertilizers （1/2OMN）; 4） application of NP chemical fertilizers （NP）; 5） application of PK chemical fertilizer （PK）; 6） application of NK chemical fertilizers （NK）; and 7） unfertilized control （CK）. To investigate the effects of fertilization practices on soil productivity, further pot tests were conducted in 2007-2008 using soil samples from the different fertilization treatments of the long-term field experiment. The soil sample of each treatment of the long-term experiment was divided into three pots to grow wheat： with no fertilization （Potunf）, with balanced NPK fertilization （POtNPK）, and with the same fertilizer（s） of the long-term field experiment （Potori）. The fertilized soils of the field experiment used in all the pot tests showed a higher wheat grain yield and higher nutrient uptake levels than the unfertilized soil. Soil productivity of the treatments of the field experiment after 18 years of continuous fertilizer applications were ranked in the order of OM 〉 1/2OMN 〉 NPK 〉 NP 〉 PK 〉 NK 〉 CK. The contribution of soil productivity of the different treatments of the field experiment to the wheat grain yield of Potori was 36.0%-76.7%, with the PK and NK treatments being higher than the OM, 1/2OMN, NPK, and NP treatments since the soil in this area was deficient in N and P and rich in K. Wheat grain yields of PotNPK were higher than those of Potori and Potunf. The N, P, and K use efficiencies were higher in POtNPK than Potori and significantly positively correlated with wheat grain yield. Soil organic matter could be a better predictor of soil productivity because it correlated more strongly than other nutrients with the wheat grain yield of Potuf. Wheat yields of POtNPK showed a similar trend to those of Potunf, indicating that soil productivity improvement was essential for a further increase in crop yield. The long-term applications of both organic and chemical fertilizers were capable of increasing soil productivity on the North China Plain, but the former was more effective than the latter. The balanced application of NPK chemical fertilizers not only increased soil productivity, but also largely increased crop yields, especially in soils with lower productivity. Thus, such an approach should be a feasible practice for the sustainable use of agricultural soils on the North China Plain, particularly when taking into account crop yields, labor costs, and the limited availability of organic fertilizers.

Experimental simulation of the relative contribution of volatile-N and char-N to NO_X formation from a low-capacity bituminous coal-fired industrial boiler

The conversion of fuel-N to NOx is the main contribution of modelling problem arising from coal combustion. This paper NOx from coal-fired industrial boilers and is the least-studied summarises the current understanding of the mechanisms that account for the formation of NOx from fuel-N during coal combustion. Further experimentation on NOx emissions during bi- tuminous coal combustion was simulated with attention focused on the contribution of char-N and votatile-N to fuel-NOx through the Coal/Char combustion method. The critical analysis of this issue allowed for the identification of uncertainties and produced well-founded conclusions. The results indicated that fuel-NOx formation was a very complex physical-chemical pro- cess involving many competing mechanisms. These mechanisms included chemical reactions, convective mass transfer, heat transfer, adsorption and desorption. The contribution of char-N in this experiment varied between 30% and 70%. There may be a slight question as to the exact identity of the main contributor to fuel-NOx, and no definitive conclusion can be made as of yet This uncertainty is because the contribution of char-N to fuel-NOx was heavily affected by the combustion conditions and the contribution of char-N increased monotonically as temperature increased. There was a critical point in the relationship between particle size, air flow, 02 concentration and the contribution of char-N. The contribution of char-N increased with the increase of particle size and air flow initially when less than the critical value, and decreased when more than thecritical value. The contribution of char-N initially decreased when the 02 concentration was increased from 10% to 15% and increased more with the further increase in 02 concentration.

An embedded lightweight GUI component library and ergonomics optimization method for industry process monitoring

Developing an efficient and robust lightweight graphic user interface （GUI） for industry process monitoring is always a challenging task. Current implementation methods for embedded GUI are with the matters of real-time processing and ergonomics performance. To address the issue, an embedded lightweight GUI component library design method based on quasar technology embedded （Qt/E） is proposed. First, an entity-relationship （E-R） model for the GUI library is developed to define the functional framework and data coupling relations. Second, a cross-compilation environment is constructed, and the QI/E shared library files are tailored to satisfy the requirements of embedded target systems. Third, by using the signal-slot communication interfaces, a message mapping mechanism that does not require a call-back pointer is developed, and the context switching performance is improved. According to the multi-thread method, the parallel task processing capabilities fbr data collection, calculation, and display are enhanced, and the real-time performance and robustness are guaranteed. Finally, the human-computer interaction process is optimized by a scrolling page method, and the ergonomics pertbrmance is verified by the industrial psychology methods Two numerical cases and five industrial experiments show that the proposed method can increase real-time read-write correction ratios by more than 26% and 29%, compared with Windows-CE-GUl and Android-GUl, respectively. The component library can be tailored to 900 KB and supports 12 hardware platforms. The average session switch time can be controlled within 0.6 s and six key indexes for ergonomics are verified by different industrial applications.