当代汉语“实力”的语法化

“实力”的语法化经历了从名词“实力1”到描摹性副词“实力2”,再从情态描摹功能到程度限定功能两个阶段,逐步发展为准程度副词“实力3”。从汉语共时平面来看,它们之间在意义、功能、用法及表达等诸方面的差异形成了一个从实到虚的指称—描摹—限制连续统。“实力1”→“实力2”→“实力3”是不断语法化的过程。在这一演变过程中,回溯推理、语言的主观性与主观化、隐喻机制等都起到了重要作用。

流行构式“实力VP”的形成机制和动因

为追求表达的新颖,在网络语言中常出现词语词性的“漂移”。名词在网络语言中较为活跃,与常规用法相比,变异用法一般词义由实转虚,并获得常规用法所不具备的语法功能。“实力”一词近期在网络语言中出现了作状语的新兴用法,如“实力打脸”“实力圈粉”“实力卖萌”等,“实力VP”正逐步实现构式化。“实力VP”的构式化过程可以分为三个阶段,每个阶段“实力”词汇义的虚化程度以及所修饰谓词的语义特征有所不同。“实力”在清末民初时期也有作状语的用法,不过和网络语言中的情况存在区别。

说柔、用柔、柔实力

老子的"柔弱胜刚强"及从中延伸的柔实力,是老子治国之术的重要组成部分。柔弱在《老子》一书中有五种不同的含义;"柔弱胜刚强"并非力量弱小胜力量强大,"柔弱"是力量的柔性使用;老子提出的"柔"概念实质上是一种柔实力;在中国历史上柔实力有丰富的实践。柔弱与刚强,亦如一阴一阳,一正一奇,形成了治理国家的两个方面,刚柔并济是正道。柔实力可以为今天国家治理和天下治理提供有益的思想基因。

拜登政府对华“实力外交”:动因、内容与局限

伴随中美实力对比的相对变化和中美大国博弈的加剧,美国国内已经形成"接触战略失败"的战略共识,遏制已经成为美国对华政策的基调。拜登政府在全面审视对华政策的基础上,延续二战后的"艾奇逊主义",推行以遏制中国为基调的"实力外交"。"实力外交"旨在汇聚国内国际外交资源重塑美实力优势地位,以此拉拢盟友和伙伴,以强势地位对华展开竞争、对抗与合作,强力阻遏中国崛起,维护美式"自由霸权"。构筑"实力优势地位"是实力外交的核心内容,"总体外交"、"胁迫外交"和印太外交是"实力外交"实施过程中的三个显著特点。尽管"实力外交"咄咄逼人,但美国面临的内外困境决定了其难以完全达到遏华预期效果。

美军电子化士兵“实力勇士”

美国国防部针对未来战争需求，正在实施一种未来战斗方案和培训新概念的计算机士兵。这种名为“实力勇士”(Objective Force Warrior)的未来士兵，是一种电子化士兵，将于2010年面世。

把地市级新闻客户端办成群众的“总服务台”

在媒体融合整体发展的当下,地市级新闻客户端几乎成了各家媒体的标配,可怎么办活、怎么做强、怎么创优,成了各家的难题。因此,探索行之有效的地市级新闻客户端出圈途径在目前显得尤为迫切。笔者认为,为读者提供优质的服务,让群众离不开你才是王道,建成当地“总服务台”,举办线上线下活动拓展新业务,实现社会效益和经济效益双丰收。因此,只有以读者为中心,才能牢牢占据舆论主阵地;只有“实力圈粉”,新闻客户端才能成为群众生产生活中不可或缺的好帮手。

Mechanical heterogeneity characterization of coal materials based on nano-indentation experiments

To investigate the complex macro-mechanical properties of coal from a micro-mechanical perspective,we have conducted a series of micro-mechanical experiments on coal using a nano-indentation instrument.These experiments were conducted under both dynamic and static loading conditions,allowing us to gather the micro-mechanical parameters of coal for further analysis of its micro-mechanical heterogeneity using the box counting statistical method and the Weibull model.The research findings indicate that the load–displacement curves of the coal mass under the two different loading modes exhibit noticeable discreteness.This can be attributed to the stress concentration phenomenon caused by variations in the mechanical properties of the micro-units during the loading process of the coal mass.Consequently,there are significant fluctuations in the micro-mechanical parameters of the coal mass.Moreover,the mechanical heterogeneity of the coal at the nanoscale was confirmed based on the calculation results of the standard deviation coefficient and Weibull modulus of the coal body’s micromechanical parameters.These results reveal the influence of microstructural defects and minerals on the uniformity of the stress field distribution within the loaded coal body,as well as on the ductility characteristics of the micro-defect structure.Furthermore,there is a pronounced heterogeneity in the micromechanical parameters.Furthermore,we have established a relationship between the macro and micro elastic modulus of coal by applying the Mori-Tanaka homogenization method.This relationship holds great significance for revealing the micro-mechanical failure mechanism of coal.

WTO争端解决机制:我国运用中存在的问题及原因分析

WTO争端解决机制（DisputeSettlementMechanism，简称DSM）把以往的“实力取向”争端解决转向“规则取向”的多边途径争端解决，在一定程度上可避免我国作为发展中国家与发达国家之间实力不均导致不公的情况。但我国利用DSM的现状不甚理想，本文将探讨我国运用DSM的相关情况，进而探讨其原因，以期为今后我国提升DSM的运用能力的研究起抛砖引玉之效。

FLOW STRESS MODELING FOR AERONAUTICAL ALUMINUM ALLOY 7050-T7451 IN HIGH-SPEED CUTTING

The high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） compression experiment is conducted to obtain the data relationship among strain, strain rate and flow stress from room temperature to 550 C for aeronautical aluminum alloy 7050-T7451. Combined high-speed orthogonal cutting experiments with the cutting process simulations, the data relationship of high temperature, high strain rate and large strain in high-speed cutting is modified. The Johnson-Cook empirical model considering the effects of strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening is selected to describe the data relationship in high-speed cutting, and the material constants of flow stress constitutive model for aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 are determined. Finally, the constitutive model of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is established through experiment and simulation verification in high-speed cutting. The model is proved to be reasonable by matching the measured values of the cutting force with the estimated results from FEM simulations.

COMPENSATION CONTROL OF REAL-TIME UNBALANCE FORCE FOR ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING SYSTEM

Aiming at the stability and others properties of active magnetic bearing （AMB） system influenced by the periodic unbalance stimulation synchronous with rotor rotational speed, a new real-time adaptive feed-forward unbalance force compensation scheme is proposed based on variable step-size least mean square（LMS） algorithm as the feed-forward compensation controller. The controller can provide some suitable sinusoidal signals to com- pensate the feedback unbalance response signals synchronous with the rotary frequency, then reduce the fluctua- tion of the control currents and weaken the active control of AMB system. The variable step-size proportional to the rotational frequency is deduced by analyzing the principle of normal LMS algorithm and its deficiency in the application of real-time filtering of AMB system. Experimental results show that the new method can implement real-time unbalance force compensation in a wide frequency band, reduce the effect of unbalance stimulant force on the housing of AMB system, and provide convenience to improve rotational speed.

A formation pressure prediction method based on tectonic overpressure

Traditional formation pressure prediction methods all are based on the formation undercompaction mechanism and the prediction results are obviously low when predicting abnormally high pressure caused by compressional structure overpressure.To eliminate this problem,we propose a new formation pressure prediction method considering compressional structure overpressure as the dominant factor causing abnormally high pressure.First,we establish a model for predicting maximum principal stress,this virtual maximum principal stress is calculated by a double stress field analysis.Then we predict the formation pressure by fitting the maximum principal stress with formation pressure. The real maximum principal stress can be determined by caculating the sum of the virtual maximum principal stresses.Practical application to real data from the A1 and A2 wells in the A gas field shows that this new method has higher accuracy than the traditional equivalent depth method.

Experimental analysis of the slip sinkage effect based on real vehicle test

To improve the semi-empirical model, the slip sinkage effect is analyzed based on the real vehicle test. A dynamic testing system is used to gain the dynamic responses of wheel-soil interactions, The Gauss-Newton algorithm is adopted to estimate the undetermined parameters involved in the slip sinkage models. Wong＇s original model is compared with three typical slip sinkage models on the prediction performance of a drawbar pull. The maximum error rate, root mean squared error and correlation coefficient are utilized to evaluate the performance. The results indicate that the slip sinkage models outperform Wong＇s model and greatly improve the prediction accuracy. Lyasko＇s model is confirmed as an outstanding one for its comprehensive performance. Hence, the existence of the slip sinkage effect is validated. Lyasko＇s model is selected as an optimal one for the practical evaluation of military vehicle trafficability.

Preliminary Study of Low Self-fertile Rate of ‘Kuijin' Apricot

To research the self-sterility of apricot, the pollen germination of ‘Kuijin＇apricot was conducted in vitro, and pollen viability was determined by germination on solid medium. Meanwhile, the effects of different media on its pollen germination and the growth of pollen tubes were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum media for pollen germination and growth of pollen tubes were 10% sucrose ＋0.1% boric acid and 5% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid respectively. The self-pollination setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was 4.70%, indicating that ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was self-incompatible. The reasons for the self-incompatibility of ‘Kuijin＇ were explored according to its pollen weight and pollen quantity. The results showed that self-pollinate setting rate of ‘Kuijin＇ apricot was closely related to the length of pollen tubes,but it had no direct correlation with pollen quantity.

Intelligent Examination Monitoring and Maintenance for the Safety of Operation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Based on the system of electric power supply for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), a study has been carried out on the intelligent safety examination, monitoring and maintenance of its running environment. On the basis of the specific feature of the power supply network of an FMS, real time monitoring system of the power supply network and the fault diagnostic expert system for the power equipment have been designed. This system can diagnose not only definite fault phenomena, but also fuzzy, uncertain fault phenomena as well. Fault diagnostic knowledge base for the power equipment has been founded hierarchy architecture model and the method of fault tree analysis. Feasibility of this system has been proved by computer simulation.

Establishment and application of logging saturation interpretation equation in vuggy reservoirs

Vuggy reservoirs are the most common, albeit important heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. However, saturation calculations using logging data are not well developed, whereas Archie method is more common. In this study, electrical conduction in a vuggy reservoir is theoretically analyzed to establish a new saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs. We found that vugs have a greater effect on saturation than resistivity, which causes inflection in the rock-electricity curve. Using single-variable exPeriments, we evaluated the effects of rug size, vug number, and vug distribution on the rock-electricity relation. Based on the general saturation model, a saturation equation for vuggy reservoirs is derived, and the physical significance of the equation parameters is discussed based on the seepage-electricity similarity. The equation parameters depend on the pore structure, and vugs and matrix pore size distribution. Furthermore, a method for calculating the equation parameters is proposed, which uses nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） data to calculate the capillary pressure curve. Field application of the proposed equation and parameter derivation method shows good match between calculated and experimental results, with an average absolute error of 5.8%.

Hardware-in-loop Simulation(HLS) of Homing Anti-tank Missile

The simulation techniques of hardware-in-loop simulation(HLS) of homing antitank missile based on the personal computer (PC) are discussed. The PC and MCS-96 chip controller employ A/D and D/A boards (with photoelectricity isolation) to transfer measur ment and control information about homing head, gyro and rudder and utilize the digital hand shaking board to build correct communication communication protocol. In order to satisfy the real-time requirement of HLS, this paper first simplifies the aerodynamic data file reasonably, then builds a PC software with C language. The program of the controller part is made with PL/M language. The simulation of HLS based on PC is done with the same sampling period of 10ms as that of YH-F1 and the experiment results are identical to those of digital simulation of the homing anti-tank guided missile.

Growth and Competition of Fourteen Herb Species in Experimental Microcoenosiums

Growth and competition of 14 herb species were investigated in the experimental microcoenosiums in laboratory under the following environmental factors and treatment levels: high and low fertility, clipping and un-clipping, and with and without microbial infusion. The most intense competition and the biggest difference in biomass among the species were detected in the high fertility microcoenosiums subjected to no clipping disturbance. Clippings or low fertility reduced the growth of the competitors and resulted in more even biomass distribution among the species. Successive clippings reduced the total accumulative biomass of the microcoenosiums. Microbial infusion significantly increased the growth of legume species Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium pratense L. The growth of Alopecurus pratensis L. was also raised by microbial infusion, whereas Dactylis glomerata L. had more biomass in without-microbial-infusion microcoenosiums than in microbial infusion ones. Most of the 14 species were not obviously affected. The positive effect of microbial infusion was more marked in the low fertility microcoenosiums.

从日元国际化的经验教训看人民币国际化

人民币国际化问题日益成为关注的焦点。近些年来,人民币国际化步伐进一步加快,从人民币结算试点、上海国际金融中心建设到中国-东盟自由贸易区的建成,人民币正稳步向国际化目标迈进。作为一个与我国在社会文化、对外贸易、国际地位等方面有着诸多相似点的国家,日本为推进日元国际化所做出的努力值得借鉴,同时日元国际化的深刻教训也值得我们好好总结。

Edge detection in the potential field using the correlation coefficients of multidirectional standard deviations

Most edge-detection methods rely on calculating gradient derivatives of the potential field, a process that is easily affected by noise and is therefore of low stability. We propose a new edge-detection method named correlation coefficient of multidirectional standard deviations（CCMS） that is solely based on statistics. First, we prove the reliability of the proposed method using a single model and then a combination of models. The proposed method is evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained by other edge-detection methods. The CCMS method offers outstanding recognition, retains the sharpness of details, and has low sensitivity to noise. We also applied the CCMS method to Bouguer anomaly data of a potash deposit in Laos. The applicability of the CCMS method is shown by comparing the inferred tectonic framework to that inferred from remote sensing（RS） data.