培智“实用数学”教学模式及策略的研究

现代数学论认为：数学源于生活，又运用于生活，生活中充满数学，数学教育寓于生活实际。《九年义务教育小学数学教学大纲》也指出：“数学教学要联系实际”，中重度弱智学生的数学教学更应该从与学生密切相关的生活实际人手，让学生用所学的知识解决生活中的数学问题，让学生真正体会到学习数学的内在价值。

Hydrolysis of Lactose： Estimation of Kinetic Parameters Using Artificial Neural Networks

The analysis of any kinetic process involves the development of a mathematical model with predictive purposes. Generally, those models have characteristic parameters that should be estimated experimentally. A typical example is Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic hydrolysis. Even though conventional kinetic models are very useful, they are only valid under certain experimental conditions. Besides, frequently large standard errors of estimated parameters are found due to the error of experimental determinations and/or insufficient number of assays. In this work, we developed an artificial neural network （ANN） to predict the performance of enzyme reactors at various operational conditions. The net was trained with experimental data obtained under different hydrolysis conditions of lactose solutions or cheese whey and different initial concentrations of enzymes or substrates. In all the experiments, commercial 13-galactosidase either free or immobilized in a chitosan support was used. The neural network developed in this study had an average absolute relative error of less than 5% even using few experimental data, which suggests that this tool provides an accurate prediction method for lactose hydrolysis.

Application of Discrete Lumped Kinetic Modeling on Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking

The kinetic model of vacuum gas oil （VGO） hydrocracking based on discrete lumped approach was investigated, and some improvement was put forward at the same time in this article. A parallel reaction scheme to describe the conver- sion of VGO into products （gases, gasoline, and diesel） proposed by Orochko was used. The different experimental data were analyzed statistically and then the product distribution and kinetic parameters were simulated by available data. Fur- thermore, the kinetic parameters were correlated based on the feed property, reaction temperature, and catalyst activity. An optimization code in Matlab 2011b was written to fine-me these parameters. The model had a favorable ability to predict the product distribution and there was a good agreement between the model predictions and experiment data. Hence, the ki- netic parameters indeed had something to do with feed properties, reaction temperature and catalyst activity.

Application of Scaffolding Instructional Models to English Listening Comprehension

The paper tries to research Scaffolding Instructional Model in listening English teaching. There will be the theoretical research of Scaffolding Instructional Model and then the findings confirmed by the questionnaire. The subjects in the experiment is a group of 80 students randomly selected from the Grade Three at a senior high school in Yili. The questionnaire I presents that the students are on the close level of English listening. They are divided into Experimental Group and Control Group. The Scaffolding Instructional Model will be used on the Experimental Group and Control Group will take the traditional teaching method. After four weeks two groups will attend the listening post-test and questionnaire II. According to the analysis of experimental data, the Experimental Group would get better listening comprehension grades than the Control Group.

Synthesis and optimization of utility system using parameter adaptive differential evolution algorithm

Synthesis and optimization of utility system usually involve grassroots design, retrofitting and operation optimization, which should be considered in modeling process. This paper presents a general method for synthesis and optimization of a utility system. In this method, superstructure based mathematical model is established, in which different modeling methods are chosen based on the application. A binary code based parameter adaptive differential evolution algorithm is used to obtain the optimal con figuration and operation conditions of the system. The evolution algorithm and models are interactively used in the calculation, which ensures the feasibility of con figuration and improves computational ef ficiency. The capability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by three typical case studies.

A new route for length measurement by phase-shifting interferometry

By the mathematic models of flexible hinge,the accurate relationship between the phase-shifting and pressure acting on the hinge is deduced and verified by experimental results.Through the optimization of the geometric parameter of flexible hinge,a phase-shifting generator is developed to determine the length of an object precisely by interferometry.The experiments show that the triple phase-shifting produced using this generator is up to 1 m.With this generator,an example for the application in length measurement is introduced.The result shows the length uncertainty is 0.5 nm when the temperature uncertainty is limited in 2 mK.This paper provides a novel technique to measure the dimension of an object,especially to the diameter of a silicon sphere for Avogadro constant project.

The Glauber model correction towards equilibrium

We introduce a pre-hydrodynamic correction to the commonly used Glauber model to bring the random scattering information to the initial condition of the hydrodynamic description for the heavy ion collisions.The results of this correction obviously shrink the value of the elliptic flow in the medium momentum region and move the corresponding momentum of the maximum v 2 forwards to smaller p T value.These fit the experimental data quite well.This correction implies that the quark-gluon plasma(QGP) has reached the thermal equilibrium when the hydrodynamic expansion starts.Such a conclusion of quick-equilibrium confirms the conclusion that QGP is a strongly interacting system.

Parity Symmetry and Parity Breaking in the Quantum Rabi Model with Addition of Ising Interaction

We explore the possibility to generate new parity symmetry in the quantum Rabi model after a bias is introduced. In contrast to a mathematical treatment in a previous publication [J. Phys. A 46(2013) 265302], we consider a physically realistic method by involving an additional spin into the quantum Rabi model to couple with the original spin by an Ising interaction, and then the parity symmetry is broken as well as the scaling behavior of the ground state by introducing a bias. The rule can be found that the parity symmetry is broken by introducing a bias and then restored by adding new degrees of freedom. Experimental feasibility of realizing the models under discussion is investigated.