“元历史”问题:海德格尔历史哲学的发端

早期海德格尔对“元历史”(Urgeschichte)问题的探讨,是他对“此在历史”及“存在历史”之探讨的一个预演。这一探讨从与狄尔泰的解释学相遇而开始,以早期基督教的信仰生活为背景,梳理了宗教信仰生活内在所具有的现象学结构及其历史性意义。这一探讨虽然是在“宗教生活现象学”名义下进行的,但其中真正起主导作用的却是一种新的哲学方法:形式显示。并且,海德格尔这一探讨根本上所指向的既非对宗教现象所涉及历史事实的重新串联和整合,更不是为涉及宗教生活的历史编纂学寻求某种更具“科学性”的理论范型,而是要从宗教生活的历史性出发,以“形式显示”的方法进行的一种关于思想的“元历史”的追问。这一探讨包含着对信仰与思想之间的关联性的一种创见。

Practical Stability Analysis of Linear Impulsive Hybrid Systems Involving Fractional Derivatives

Practical stabilities for linear fractional impulsive hybrid systems are investigated in detail.The transformation from a linear fractional differential system to a fractional impulsive hybrid system is interpreted.With the help of the Mittag-Leffler functions for matrix-type,several practical stability criteria for fractional impulsive hybrid systems are derived.Finally,a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

Two Kinds of Calculation Methods in Whole Process and a Best New Comprehensive Figure of Metallic Material Behaviors

Based on the viewpoint that there are similarities to the genetic principles in the mechanics and the engineering fields; based on data in some referents and author＇s theoretical approach, this paper is to consider the microscopic-damage and the macroscopic-damage behaviors of materials that are distinct differences, thereby to propose computing models and methods of subsection calculations in whole process; to consider the behaviors between the short cracks and long ones both of which are always continuous, thereby to propose some computing models and methods of the successive calculations. These computing models refer to formulas of the threshold sizes of cracks （or threshold values of damages）; the propagating rates of cracks; the predicting calculations of lifetime; Particularly, in which it provides a best new comprehensive figure that it could be including mid describing all problems mentioned above. So it may be as a bridge to link the traditional material mechanics, the material discipline and the modem mechanics on fatigue-damage-fracture; perhaps, it can also be as route diagram to guide designs and calculations to some materials and structures. Therefore, above works realize calculations of the strength problems, the growth rate of cracks （damages） mid prediction of lifetime in whole process that would have practical significances.

FEM Modal Analysis on the Gravity Support System of ITER

The three-dimensional finite element method model with 20 degree sector of the ITER overall gravity support system was built by the ANSYS software. The modal analysis of the gravity support system was made and first ten natural frequencies and vibration modes of the gravity support system were calculated by using Block Lanczos method. The results of modal analysis on ITER represent that the stiffness of flexible plates has influenced greatly for the natural frequency of the system.

Empirical Studies on L2 Communication Strategies over Four Decades:Looking Back and Ahead

Studies on communication strategies （CSs） have been carried out for nearly four decades and have contributed a lot to the development of such fields as applied linguistics and second language acquisition, but they are still inadequate and there remain controversies over certain issues. Thus, more systematic and rigorous studies are needed to check or confirm the findings of some studies and further CS research from newer and broader perspectives. This paper mainly reviews the existing empirical studies from different perspectives： CS classifications and research methods, factors affecting the choices of CSs, teachablity and teaching of CSs, and effectiveness of CSs. It is aimed to provide a clear picture of research on L2 CSs and offer some suggestions for further research.

A facile method to fabricate surfaces showing superhydrophilicity in air and superhydrophobicity in oil

The changes of the wettability of the solid surfaces have attracted massive attention due to their important practical implications in numerous fields. As a new subject, the research on the wettability under the different environments is still in its early stage. So the fundamental research must be performed for the practical applications under different environments. However, it is seldom that the comprehensive wettability of a surface in air, in water and in oil has been reported. In this paper, the authors investigated the wettability of the stainless steel mesh coated with polyurethane in the above three different environments. The surface of the uncoated mesh was found to be hydrophobic in air, but the surface of the coated mesh was superhydrophilic in air. More interestingly, the surfaces of the coated meshes were superoleophilic in water and superhydrophobic in oil. Due to the coated meshes with these wettabilities were fabricated via a facile two-step method, the presented method may be adopted for large-scale industrial production, in various fields, such as icing prevention or the oil-field industry.

Effect of Soil Water Repellency on Energy Partitioning Between Soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy balance.The aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energy balance,using a solely model-based approach.We made out evapotranspiration to have the largest influence on the energy balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was assessed.To achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,Germany.A numerical 1D soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straightforward way was applied,using the effective cross section concept.Simulations were carried out with vegetated soil and bare soil.The simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different degrees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending on the severity degree of soil WR.The energy that is not being transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energy balance and thus would influence the local climate.

Thermodynamic functions of ZrW_2O_8 from its heat capacity

It is interesting to maximize the amount of information we can obtain from one experiment on a single sample. In obtaining all the thermodynamic properties of some materials from their experimental heat capacity data only, we aim to get the tempera- ture-independent energy spectrum. However, all the practical measured energy spectra depend on the temperature of experi- ments. One promising method to obtain the temperature-independent energy spectrum is to solve the so-called specific heat-phonon spectrum inversion （SPI） problem. Here we show, by developing a new practical solution method of SPI, the phonon spectrum of the negative thermal expansion material ZrW208 is obtained. This phonon spectrum is tempera- ture-independent and almost method independent. Hence all the thermodynamic properties of ZrW208, such as thermodynamic potential, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, etc. are obtained by heat capacity only.

Uncertainty and Certainty Relations for Successive Projective Measurements of a Qubit in Terms of Tsallis' Entropies

We study uncertainty and certainty relations for two successive measurements of two-dimensional observables. Uncertainties in successive measurement are considered within the following two scenarios. In the first scenario, the second measurement is performed on the quantum state generated affer the first measurement with completely erased information. In the second scenario, the second measurement is performed on the post-first- tioned on the actual measurement outcome. Induced entropies. For two successive projective t state condiquantum uncertainties are characterized by means of the Tsallis t of a qubit, we obtain minimal and maximal values of related entropic measures of induced uncertainties. Some conclusions found in the second scenario are extended to arbitrary finite dimensionality. In particular, a connection with mutual unbiasedness is emphasized.