On-chip electrostatic discharge （ESD） protection design has become an emerging challenge for radio-frequency （RF） integrated circuits （IC） design as IC technologies migrate into the very-deep-sub-micron （VDSM）...On-chip electrostatic discharge （ESD） protection design has become an emerging challenge for radio-frequency （RF） integrated circuits （IC） design as IC technologies migrate into the very-deep-sub-micron （VDSM） regime and RF ICs move into multi-GHz operations. The key problem originates from the complex interaction between the ESD protection circuitry and the core RF IC circuit under protection. This paper discusses the recent development in RF ESD protection research and design,outlining emerging challenges, new design methods,and novel RF ESD protection solutions.展开更多
Ectoparasites and other invertebrates are known to play a role in bird behavior and in evolutionary adaptations such as preening and foraging strategies. We conducted an exploratory study by macro- and microscopically...Ectoparasites and other invertebrates are known to play a role in bird behavior and in evolutionary adaptations such as preening and foraging strategies. We conducted an exploratory study by macro- and microscopically evaluating the nests of Hair-crested Drongos(Dicrurus hottentottus) at Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China in 2011 to determine if there was a presence of invertebrates. We developed a modified funneling technique to collect invertebrate samples and reduce contamination from outside sources in a field setting. We found several species of ectoparasites(lice and ticks) and other invertebrates(springtails and rove beetles) within the nests. Our findings warrant further investigation as to whether or not the presence of invertebrates in the nests of Hair-crested Drongos plays a role in the adaptation of the unique nest dismantling behavior exhibited by this species.展开更多
In order to define the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of parasitoses with veterinary and medical importance their parasitological status and feeding habits were studied. In the period 2001-2006 the feedin...In order to define the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of parasitoses with veterinary and medical importance their parasitological status and feeding habits were studied. In the period 2001-2006 the feeding habits of 167 foxes, 78 jackals, 40 wild cats and 23 stone martens from the area of Sredna Gora, Bulgaria were investigated. 113 of the foxes, 56 of the jackals, 22 of the wild cats and 21 of the martens were subjected to helminthological study. 147 wild boars and 26 badgers from the same area were subjected to trichinelloscopy. Rodents were the main food of the wild cats （82.7%）, martens （52%） and foxes （50%）. The main food of the jackals was carrion from domestic and wild animals （79.5%）. 95.5% of the foxes, 100% of the jackals, 95.5% of the wild cats and 89% of the stone martens were infected with one or more helminth species. The prevalence of the most important helminths： Trichinella spp., Taenia spp. and Ancylostoma spp. was high in all carnivores examined. In the infected with Trichinella spp. animals only T. britovi was demonstrated. The wild boars and badgers were not infected with Trichinella spp. The correlation between the feeding habits and parasitological status is discussed.展开更多
文摘On-chip electrostatic discharge （ESD） protection design has become an emerging challenge for radio-frequency （RF） integrated circuits （IC） design as IC technologies migrate into the very-deep-sub-micron （VDSM） regime and RF ICs move into multi-GHz operations. The key problem originates from the complex interaction between the ESD protection circuitry and the core RF IC circuit under protection. This paper discusses the recent development in RF ESD protection research and design,outlining emerging challenges, new design methods,and novel RF ESD protection solutions.
基金support by Dongzhai National Nature Reserve for conducting this studyprovided by National Science Foundation East Asia Pacific Summer Institute(EAPSI)+1 种基金Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology,and China Science and Technology Exchange Centerprovided by Alabama A&M University and Beijing Normal University
文摘Ectoparasites and other invertebrates are known to play a role in bird behavior and in evolutionary adaptations such as preening and foraging strategies. We conducted an exploratory study by macro- and microscopically evaluating the nests of Hair-crested Drongos(Dicrurus hottentottus) at Dongzhai National Nature Reserve, Henan Province, China in 2011 to determine if there was a presence of invertebrates. We developed a modified funneling technique to collect invertebrate samples and reduce contamination from outside sources in a field setting. We found several species of ectoparasites(lice and ticks) and other invertebrates(springtails and rove beetles) within the nests. Our findings warrant further investigation as to whether or not the presence of invertebrates in the nests of Hair-crested Drongos plays a role in the adaptation of the unique nest dismantling behavior exhibited by this species.
文摘In order to define the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of parasitoses with veterinary and medical importance their parasitological status and feeding habits were studied. In the period 2001-2006 the feeding habits of 167 foxes, 78 jackals, 40 wild cats and 23 stone martens from the area of Sredna Gora, Bulgaria were investigated. 113 of the foxes, 56 of the jackals, 22 of the wild cats and 21 of the martens were subjected to helminthological study. 147 wild boars and 26 badgers from the same area were subjected to trichinelloscopy. Rodents were the main food of the wild cats （82.7%）, martens （52%） and foxes （50%）. The main food of the jackals was carrion from domestic and wild animals （79.5%）. 95.5% of the foxes, 100% of the jackals, 95.5% of the wild cats and 89% of the stone martens were infected with one or more helminth species. The prevalence of the most important helminths： Trichinella spp., Taenia spp. and Ancylostoma spp. was high in all carnivores examined. In the infected with Trichinella spp. animals only T. britovi was demonstrated. The wild boars and badgers were not infected with Trichinella spp. The correlation between the feeding habits and parasitological status is discussed.
