To realize delegation between different users in a mixed cryptosystem,a proxy signature scheme for ID-based original signers and certificated-based proxy signers(PSS-ID-CER)is defined.Using the bilinear properties o...To realize delegation between different users in a mixed cryptosystem,a proxy signature scheme for ID-based original signers and certificated-based proxy signers(PSS-ID-CER)is defined.Using the bilinear properties of the pairings and the characters of key generations of certificate-based cryptosystems and ID-based cryptosystems,a construction for such a scheme is also presented.To prove the security of the proposed scheme,a general security model for this scheme under adaptive chosen-PKG,chosen-ID,chosen-delegation,chosen-ProxySigner-public-key,chosen-proxy-key and chosen-message attack is defined.The proposed scheme is provably secure under the random oracle model and the hardness assumption of computational Diffie-Hellman problem.展开更多
AIM To evaluate whether pathologically early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) exhibited local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation(RFA) less often than typical HCC.METHODS Fifty pathologically early HCCs [tumo...AIM To evaluate whether pathologically early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) exhibited local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation(RFA) less often than typical HCC.METHODS Fifty pathologically early HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.8; range, 10-23; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1213; range, 216-2137] and 187 typical HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.6; range, 6-30; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1116; range, 190-2328] were enrolled in this retrospective study. The presence of stromal invasion(namely, tumor cell invasion into the intratumoral portal tracts) was considered to be the most important pathologic finding for the diagnosis of early HCCs. Typical HCC was defined as the presence of a hyper-vascular lesion accompanied by delayed washout using contrastenhanced computed tomography or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up examinations were performed at 3-mo intervals to monitor for signs of local tumor progression. The local tumor progression rates of pathologically early HCCs and typical HCCs were then determined using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS During the follow-up period for the 50 pathologically early HCCs, 49(98%) of the nodules did not exhibit local tumor progression. However, 1 nodule(2%) was associated with a local tumor progression found 636 d after RFA. For the 187 typical HCCs, 46(24.6%) of the nodules exhibited local recurrence after RFA. The follow-up period until the local tumor progression of typical HCC was a median of 605 d, ranging from 181 to 1741 d. Among the cases with typical HCCs, local tumor progression had occurred in 7.0%(7/187), 16.0%(30/187), 21.9%(41/187) and 24.6%(46/187) of the cases at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Pathologically early HCC was statistically associated with a lower rate of local tumor progression, compared with typical HCC, when evaluated using a log-rank test(P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The rate of local tumor progression for pathologically early HCCs after RFA was significantly lower than that for typical HCCs.展开更多
The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on an...The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on anthropogenic emissions from China in 2013 and 2018,respectively.In each group of simulations,a respective 25%reduction in NOx and NH3 emissions were assumed.A sensitivity factor(β)was defined as the relative change in PM2.5 concentration due to 1%change in NOx or NH3 emissions.In the high SO2 emissions case,PM2.5 was more sensitive to NH3(0.31)emissions change than NOx(0.21).Due to the significant decrease in SO2 emissions from the high to low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivity of PM2.5 to NOx increased to 0.33,while its sensitivity to NH3 decreased to 0.22.The result implies that now and in the future,PM2.5 is/will be less sensitive to NH3 emissions change,while NOx emissions control is more effective in reducing the surface PM2.5 concentration.Seasonally,in the low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivities of PM2.5 to NOx and NH3 in winter were higher than those in summer,indicating that to dealwith severewinter hazemore attention should be paid to the emissions control of inorganic PM2.5 precursors,especially NOx.展开更多
Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after landfall for tropical cycl...Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after landfall for tropical cyclones of Chanchu and Prapiroon making landfall on the south China coast in 2006. The results showed that strong convection is located in the eastern and northern sectors of the landfalling Chanchu and Prapiroon, namely in the front and right portions of the TC tracks, for a period of time starting from 12 h prior to landfall to 6 h after it. Their convection also had distinct differences in the vertical direction. The analysis indicated that although the landfall of Chanchu and Prapiroon has the same asymmetric distribution of convection, the causes are not exactly the same. The asymmetric distribution of convection in the case of Chanchu is mainly correlated with the impacts of a strong environmental vertical wind shear, low-level horizontal wind shear, and low-level convergence and divergence. In the case of Prapiroon, however, the asymmetric distribution of convection is mainly associated with the impacts of low-level convergence and divergence.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO),a multifunctional endogenous gas molecule,is metabolized from L-arginine by enzymatic reaction in the presence of nitric oxide synthase.NO,an important gas signaling molecule,is a gastric mucosa prote...Nitric oxide(NO),a multifunctional endogenous gas molecule,is metabolized from L-arginine by enzymatic reaction in the presence of nitric oxide synthase.NO,an important gas signaling molecule,is a gastric mucosa protective factor that contributes significantly to maintain normal gastric mucosa integrity.NO increases gastric mucosa blood flow,regulates the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate,and inhibits the secretion of gastric juice.Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) has been identified as the major endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.The function of ADMA is to decrease NO production via inhibiting nitric oxide synthase activity.Besides inhibiting NO synthesis,ADMA also directly induces oxidative stress and cell apoptosis,and participates in inflammation reaction.Its systemic accumulation was observed in conjunction with several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.ADMA also mediates gastric ulcer injury induced by ethanol,stress,helicobacter pylori and indomethacin.The mechanism of ADMA directly producing adverse effect in gastric mucosa is incompletely understood.It is widely accepted that NO bioavailability decrease is the majority reason.Promotion of apoptosis and aggravation of inflammation may be other important mechanisms of ADMA-induced gastric injury.ADMA might be a novel clinical and experimental biomarker related to gastric mucosa disorder.Although therapeutic tool targeting to ADMA is available in multiple cardiovascular diseases,it is unknown in gastrointestinal disease.The strategy to inhibit ADMA is beneficial to gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats.Thus,ADMA might be a candidate of therapeutic target in gastric mucosa damage.展开更多
ASYMMETRIC crying facies (ACF) is characterized by facial asymmetry only when crying. It may present as an exclusive symptom, or be con-comitant with other congenital malformations nd even some fatal birth defects. ...ASYMMETRIC crying facies (ACF) is characterized by facial asymmetry only when crying. It may present as an exclusive symptom, or be con-comitant with other congenital malformations nd even some fatal birth defects. Clinically, ACF is fea-tured by drooping of the intact corner of the mouth during crying, while the face appears symmetric at rest. The facial nerve function is symmetric, as determined by frowning, forehead wrinkling, eye closure, and nasolabial fold depth. When ACF alone is present, the cause is often compression of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve that is prob-ably due to birth trauma or abnormal fetal posture in utero. ACF with other congenital anomalies is usually caused by hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle (DAOM) on one side of the mouth.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced hepatocyte-phase magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis.METHODS Hepatocyte-phase images of Gd-BOP...AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced hepatocyte-phase magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis.METHODS Hepatocyte-phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively evaluated in 76 patients with chronic liver disease. These patients were classified into five groups according to either the histopathological fibrosis stage(S0-S4) or the histopathological hepatitis grade(G0-G4). The relative enhancement ratio(RE) of the liver parenchyma in the T1-vibe sequence was calculated by measuring the signal intensity before(SI pre) and 90 min after(SI post) intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA using the following formula: RE =(SI post-SI pre)/SI pre. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between the relative RE in the hepatocyte phase(REh) and the stage of hepatic fibrosis and the grade of hepatitis. Pearson's productmoment correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the REh and the levels of serologic liver functional parameters.RESULTS According to histopathological hepatic fibrosis stage, the 76 patients were classified into five groups: 16 in S0, 15 in S1, 21 in S2, 9 in S3, and 15 in S4 group. According to histopathological hepatitis grade, the 76 patients were also classified into five groups: 0 in G0, 44 in G1, 22 in G2, 8 in G3, and 2 in G3 group. With regard to the stage of hepatic fibrosis, REh showed significant differences between the S2 and S3 groups and between the S2 and S4 groups(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. With regard to the grade of hepatitis, REh showed significant differences between the G1 and G2 groups and between the G1 and G4 groups(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. Increased REh showed correlations with decreased serum levels of TB, ALT and AST(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION To some extent, measuring the REh using Gd-BOPTAenhanced MRI might be a noninvasive technique for assessing the stage of hepatic fibrosis. This method is able to differentiate no/mild hepatitis from advanced hepatitis. TB, ALT and AST levels can predict the degree of liver enhancement in the hepatocyte phase of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI.展开更多
Here the vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a debris flow damaging event for a specific debris flow fan. The vulnerability is classified into property vulnerability and population vu...Here the vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a debris flow damaging event for a specific debris flow fan. The vulnerability is classified into property vulnerability and population vulnerability. Assessment indexes include the assets of buildings, traffic facilities, lifeline works, personal properties, and land resources for property vulnerability; age, education, and wealth of the inhabitants, natural population growth rate, and population density for population vulnerability. The vulnerability is expressed as the sum of the transformed values of the losses of property and population. Two study cases with post-fact damages by historic debris flow events in Sichuan of SW China are presented.展开更多
Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)...Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) remains largely unclear. Some endocrinologists suggest stop metformin before FFA. However, ophthalmologists do not always adopt this opinion in their practice. This situation may lead to disputes between physicians and patients. This article analyzed contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) and the related contrast agent, as well as the adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography. It pointed out that the discrepancy may be caused by misunderstanding of contrast agents used in FFA. For angiography using iodine contrast agent, metformin must be stopped because of the increased possibility of CIN, while for FFA using fluorescein sodium, no CIN has been reported yet. Therefore, the authors believe FFA is safe for diabetic patients with oral metformin and it is unnecessary to stop metformin before the examination.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore the understanding of healthcare providers working in the internal medicine department in Shanghai regarding a good death.Methods:The data of the study was collected using face-to-...Objective:This study aimed to explore the understanding of healthcare providers working in the internal medicine department in Shanghai regarding a good death.Methods:The data of the study was collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews.Through purposive sampling,16 physicians and 13 nurses who had experiences of caring for adult patients with life-threatening illnesses at the end-of-life stage in Shanghai were interviewed.The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Six characteristics of a good death emerged:no suffering,companionship and care,no worries or concerns,dying with dignity,involvement and acceptance,and less impact on the family.Eighteen categories were identified:dying without experiencing suffering;being relieved of symptoms and suffering;being relieved of psychological suffering;avoiding the use of futile treatment and resuscita-tion;being cared for and accompanied by family;receiving good health care;having a meaningful life without regrets;making good arrangements for family issues;having a chance to say goodbye;having a quality life before death;dying in a decent environment;the personal will to be respected;maintaining the integrity of the body;death of the patient being accepted by the family and healthcare providers;the death occurred despite the best efforts to care for the patient;limited financial and care burden;shortly affected quality of life of the patient;and improved family cohesion.Conclusion:Family members’early involvement in caring for patients at the end-of-life stage helps achieve a good death.For patients with a terminal illness,avoiding unnecessary medical treatment and resuscitation could be the first step in achieving better patient death and promoting the development of advanced care planning in the mainland of China.展开更多
This paper describes a Fast Finding and Fitting (FFF)Algorithm based on the geometric symmetry of the circle. A comparison with other circle detection approaches, in par- ticular the Hough Transform and its extensions...This paper describes a Fast Finding and Fitting (FFF)Algorithm based on the geometric symmetry of the circle. A comparison with other circle detection approaches, in par- ticular the Hough Transform and its extensions is presented. A method to determine a rele- vant estimation of accuracy is also given. Experiments show that FFF possesses advantages in memory usage, high speed, reliability and accuracy are also presented.展开更多
AIM To explore the functional role of cullin 4A(CUL4A), a core subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase, in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHCC).METHODS The expression of CUL4 A in PHCC cell lines was evaluated by Western blot an...AIM To explore the functional role of cullin 4A(CUL4A), a core subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase, in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHCC).METHODS The expression of CUL4 A in PHCC cell lines was evaluated by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was adopted to investigate the relationship between CUL4 A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of PHCC. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed to analyze the risk factors related to overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) of PHCC patients. Wound healing, Transwell and Matrigel assays were utilized to explore the function of CUL4 A in PHCC metastasis. Furthermore, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT) markers was verified in cells with CUL4 A knockdown or overexpression. The relationship between CUL4 A expression and E-cadherin expression was also analyzed by IHC assay. Finally, the role of ZEB1 in regulating CUL4 A mediated PHCC was detected by IHC, Western blot, Transwell and Matrigel assays.RESULTS CUL4 A overexpression was detected in PHCC cell lines and clinical specimens. Clinicopathological analysis revealed a close correlation between CUL4 A overexpression and tumour differentiation, T, N and TNM stages in PHCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high CUL4 A expression was correlated with poor OS and PFS of PHCC patients. Univariate analysis identified the following four parameters as risk factors related to OS rate of PHCC: T, N, TNM stages and high CUL4 A expression; as well as three related to PFS: N stage, TNM stage and high CUL4 A expression. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis identified high CUL4 A expression as the only independent prognostic factor for PHCC. Moreover, CUL4 A silencing in PHCC cell lines dramatically inhibited metastasis and the EMT. Conversely, CUL4 A overexpression promoted these processes. Mechanistically, ZEB1 was discovered to regulate the function of CUL4 A in promoting the EMT and metastasis.CONCLUSION CUL4 A is an independent prognostic factor for PHCC, and it can promote the EMT by regulating ZEB1 expression. CUL4 A may be a potential therapeutic target for PHCC.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60473028)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(No.2006XXJ18)the Doctor Foundation of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(No.20080014)
文摘To realize delegation between different users in a mixed cryptosystem,a proxy signature scheme for ID-based original signers and certificated-based proxy signers(PSS-ID-CER)is defined.Using the bilinear properties of the pairings and the characters of key generations of certificate-based cryptosystems and ID-based cryptosystems,a construction for such a scheme is also presented.To prove the security of the proposed scheme,a general security model for this scheme under adaptive chosen-PKG,chosen-ID,chosen-delegation,chosen-ProxySigner-public-key,chosen-proxy-key and chosen-message attack is defined.The proposed scheme is provably secure under the random oracle model and the hardness assumption of computational Diffie-Hellman problem.
文摘AIM To evaluate whether pathologically early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) exhibited local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation(RFA) less often than typical HCC.METHODS Fifty pathologically early HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.8; range, 10-23; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1213; range, 216-2137] and 187 typical HCCs [tumor diameter(mm): mean, 15.6; range, 6-30; follow-up days after RFA: median, 1116; range, 190-2328] were enrolled in this retrospective study. The presence of stromal invasion(namely, tumor cell invasion into the intratumoral portal tracts) was considered to be the most important pathologic finding for the diagnosis of early HCCs. Typical HCC was defined as the presence of a hyper-vascular lesion accompanied by delayed washout using contrastenhanced computed tomography or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Follow-up examinations were performed at 3-mo intervals to monitor for signs of local tumor progression. The local tumor progression rates of pathologically early HCCs and typical HCCs were then determined using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS During the follow-up period for the 50 pathologically early HCCs, 49(98%) of the nodules did not exhibit local tumor progression. However, 1 nodule(2%) was associated with a local tumor progression found 636 d after RFA. For the 187 typical HCCs, 46(24.6%) of the nodules exhibited local recurrence after RFA. The follow-up period until the local tumor progression of typical HCC was a median of 605 d, ranging from 181 to 1741 d. Among the cases with typical HCCs, local tumor progression had occurred in 7.0%(7/187), 16.0%(30/187), 21.9%(41/187) and 24.6%(46/187) of the cases at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Pathologically early HCC was statistically associated with a lower rate of local tumor progression, compared with typical HCC, when evaluated using a log-rank test(P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The rate of local tumor progression for pathologically early HCCs after RFA was significantly lower than that for typical HCCs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41805098].
文摘The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on anthropogenic emissions from China in 2013 and 2018,respectively.In each group of simulations,a respective 25%reduction in NOx and NH3 emissions were assumed.A sensitivity factor(β)was defined as the relative change in PM2.5 concentration due to 1%change in NOx or NH3 emissions.In the high SO2 emissions case,PM2.5 was more sensitive to NH3(0.31)emissions change than NOx(0.21).Due to the significant decrease in SO2 emissions from the high to low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivity of PM2.5 to NOx increased to 0.33,while its sensitivity to NH3 decreased to 0.22.The result implies that now and in the future,PM2.5 is/will be less sensitive to NH3 emissions change,while NOx emissions control is more effective in reducing the surface PM2.5 concentration.Seasonally,in the low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivities of PM2.5 to NOx and NH3 in winter were higher than those in summer,indicating that to dealwith severewinter hazemore attention should be paid to the emissions control of inorganic PM2.5 precursors,especially NOx.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (2009CB421500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (90715031+3 种基金 40875026 and 40730948)Project of City University of Hong Kong (7001994)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (8351030101000002)
文摘Observational data of mesoscale surface weather stations and weather radars of Guangdong province are employed to analyze the asymmetric distribution of convection prior to, during and after landfall for tropical cyclones of Chanchu and Prapiroon making landfall on the south China coast in 2006. The results showed that strong convection is located in the eastern and northern sectors of the landfalling Chanchu and Prapiroon, namely in the front and right portions of the TC tracks, for a period of time starting from 12 h prior to landfall to 6 h after it. Their convection also had distinct differences in the vertical direction. The analysis indicated that although the landfall of Chanchu and Prapiroon has the same asymmetric distribution of convection, the causes are not exactly the same. The asymmetric distribution of convection in the case of Chanchu is mainly correlated with the impacts of a strong environmental vertical wind shear, low-level horizontal wind shear, and low-level convergence and divergence. In the case of Prapiroon, however, the asymmetric distribution of convection is mainly associated with the impacts of low-level convergence and divergence.
文摘Nitric oxide(NO),a multifunctional endogenous gas molecule,is metabolized from L-arginine by enzymatic reaction in the presence of nitric oxide synthase.NO,an important gas signaling molecule,is a gastric mucosa protective factor that contributes significantly to maintain normal gastric mucosa integrity.NO increases gastric mucosa blood flow,regulates the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate,and inhibits the secretion of gastric juice.Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) has been identified as the major endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.The function of ADMA is to decrease NO production via inhibiting nitric oxide synthase activity.Besides inhibiting NO synthesis,ADMA also directly induces oxidative stress and cell apoptosis,and participates in inflammation reaction.Its systemic accumulation was observed in conjunction with several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.ADMA also mediates gastric ulcer injury induced by ethanol,stress,helicobacter pylori and indomethacin.The mechanism of ADMA directly producing adverse effect in gastric mucosa is incompletely understood.It is widely accepted that NO bioavailability decrease is the majority reason.Promotion of apoptosis and aggravation of inflammation may be other important mechanisms of ADMA-induced gastric injury.ADMA might be a novel clinical and experimental biomarker related to gastric mucosa disorder.Although therapeutic tool targeting to ADMA is available in multiple cardiovascular diseases,it is unknown in gastrointestinal disease.The strategy to inhibit ADMA is beneficial to gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats.Thus,ADMA might be a candidate of therapeutic target in gastric mucosa damage.
文摘ASYMMETRIC crying facies (ACF) is characterized by facial asymmetry only when crying. It may present as an exclusive symptom, or be con-comitant with other congenital malformations nd even some fatal birth defects. Clinically, ACF is fea-tured by drooping of the intact corner of the mouth during crying, while the face appears symmetric at rest. The facial nerve function is symmetric, as determined by frowning, forehead wrinkling, eye closure, and nasolabial fold depth. When ACF alone is present, the cause is often compression of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve that is prob-ably due to birth trauma or abnormal fetal posture in utero. ACF with other congenital anomalies is usually caused by hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle (DAOM) on one side of the mouth.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81571784 and 81601471Scientific and Technological Support Project for Social Development of Hunan Province,No.2015SF2020-4Project of Development and Reform Commission of Hunan Province,No.Xiang Cai Enterprise Means[2015]83
文摘AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced hepatocyte-phase magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis.METHODS Hepatocyte-phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively evaluated in 76 patients with chronic liver disease. These patients were classified into five groups according to either the histopathological fibrosis stage(S0-S4) or the histopathological hepatitis grade(G0-G4). The relative enhancement ratio(RE) of the liver parenchyma in the T1-vibe sequence was calculated by measuring the signal intensity before(SI pre) and 90 min after(SI post) intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA using the following formula: RE =(SI post-SI pre)/SI pre. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between the relative RE in the hepatocyte phase(REh) and the stage of hepatic fibrosis and the grade of hepatitis. Pearson's productmoment correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the REh and the levels of serologic liver functional parameters.RESULTS According to histopathological hepatic fibrosis stage, the 76 patients were classified into five groups: 16 in S0, 15 in S1, 21 in S2, 9 in S3, and 15 in S4 group. According to histopathological hepatitis grade, the 76 patients were also classified into five groups: 0 in G0, 44 in G1, 22 in G2, 8 in G3, and 2 in G3 group. With regard to the stage of hepatic fibrosis, REh showed significant differences between the S2 and S3 groups and between the S2 and S4 groups(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. With regard to the grade of hepatitis, REh showed significant differences between the G1 and G2 groups and between the G1 and G4 groups(P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. Increased REh showed correlations with decreased serum levels of TB, ALT and AST(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION To some extent, measuring the REh using Gd-BOPTAenhanced MRI might be a noninvasive technique for assessing the stage of hepatic fibrosis. This method is able to differentiate no/mild hepatitis from advanced hepatitis. TB, ALT and AST levels can predict the degree of liver enhancement in the hepatocyte phase of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI.
文摘Here the vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a debris flow damaging event for a specific debris flow fan. The vulnerability is classified into property vulnerability and population vulnerability. Assessment indexes include the assets of buildings, traffic facilities, lifeline works, personal properties, and land resources for property vulnerability; age, education, and wealth of the inhabitants, natural population growth rate, and population density for population vulnerability. The vulnerability is expressed as the sum of the transformed values of the losses of property and population. Two study cases with post-fact damages by historic debris flow events in Sichuan of SW China are presented.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Xi'an Bureau of PublicHealth (No.2013020) and the Natural Science Foundation of Xi'anScience Technology Bureau (No.SF1508-3).
文摘Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, whether metformin should be stopped before Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) remains largely unclear. Some endocrinologists suggest stop metformin before FFA. However, ophthalmologists do not always adopt this opinion in their practice. This situation may lead to disputes between physicians and patients. This article analyzed contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) and the related contrast agent, as well as the adverse reactions of fluorescein angiography. It pointed out that the discrepancy may be caused by misunderstanding of contrast agents used in FFA. For angiography using iodine contrast agent, metformin must be stopped because of the increased possibility of CIN, while for FFA using fluorescein sodium, no CIN has been reported yet. Therefore, the authors believe FFA is safe for diabetic patients with oral metformin and it is unnecessary to stop metformin before the examination.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the understanding of healthcare providers working in the internal medicine department in Shanghai regarding a good death.Methods:The data of the study was collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews.Through purposive sampling,16 physicians and 13 nurses who had experiences of caring for adult patients with life-threatening illnesses at the end-of-life stage in Shanghai were interviewed.The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Six characteristics of a good death emerged:no suffering,companionship and care,no worries or concerns,dying with dignity,involvement and acceptance,and less impact on the family.Eighteen categories were identified:dying without experiencing suffering;being relieved of symptoms and suffering;being relieved of psychological suffering;avoiding the use of futile treatment and resuscita-tion;being cared for and accompanied by family;receiving good health care;having a meaningful life without regrets;making good arrangements for family issues;having a chance to say goodbye;having a quality life before death;dying in a decent environment;the personal will to be respected;maintaining the integrity of the body;death of the patient being accepted by the family and healthcare providers;the death occurred despite the best efforts to care for the patient;limited financial and care burden;shortly affected quality of life of the patient;and improved family cohesion.Conclusion:Family members’early involvement in caring for patients at the end-of-life stage helps achieve a good death.For patients with a terminal illness,avoiding unnecessary medical treatment and resuscitation could be the first step in achieving better patient death and promoting the development of advanced care planning in the mainland of China.
文摘This paper describes a Fast Finding and Fitting (FFF)Algorithm based on the geometric symmetry of the circle. A comparison with other circle detection approaches, in par- ticular the Hough Transform and its extensions is presented. A method to determine a rele- vant estimation of accuracy is also given. Experiments show that FFF possesses advantages in memory usage, high speed, reliability and accuracy are also presented.
文摘AIM To explore the functional role of cullin 4A(CUL4A), a core subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase, in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(PHCC).METHODS The expression of CUL4 A in PHCC cell lines was evaluated by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was adopted to investigate the relationship between CUL4 A expression and clinicopathological characteristics of PHCC. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were performed to analyze the risk factors related to overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) of PHCC patients. Wound healing, Transwell and Matrigel assays were utilized to explore the function of CUL4 A in PHCC metastasis. Furthermore, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT) markers was verified in cells with CUL4 A knockdown or overexpression. The relationship between CUL4 A expression and E-cadherin expression was also analyzed by IHC assay. Finally, the role of ZEB1 in regulating CUL4 A mediated PHCC was detected by IHC, Western blot, Transwell and Matrigel assays.RESULTS CUL4 A overexpression was detected in PHCC cell lines and clinical specimens. Clinicopathological analysis revealed a close correlation between CUL4 A overexpression and tumour differentiation, T, N and TNM stages in PHCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high CUL4 A expression was correlated with poor OS and PFS of PHCC patients. Univariate analysis identified the following four parameters as risk factors related to OS rate of PHCC: T, N, TNM stages and high CUL4 A expression; as well as three related to PFS: N stage, TNM stage and high CUL4 A expression. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis identified high CUL4 A expression as the only independent prognostic factor for PHCC. Moreover, CUL4 A silencing in PHCC cell lines dramatically inhibited metastasis and the EMT. Conversely, CUL4 A overexpression promoted these processes. Mechanistically, ZEB1 was discovered to regulate the function of CUL4 A in promoting the EMT and metastasis.CONCLUSION CUL4 A is an independent prognostic factor for PHCC, and it can promote the EMT by regulating ZEB1 expression. CUL4 A may be a potential therapeutic target for PHCC.