“对言语法”和中国逻辑

“对言语法”揭示了汉语语法的诸多核心特征,说明其依据的是对话逻辑,跟西方基于命题建构的演绎逻辑不同。本文梳理思想史的线索发现,与“对言语法”的认识一致,汉语和印欧语语法根本特征的差别、中西思想传统的差别都是命题是否占据核心地位。西方思想传统以命题和表征论为根本,中国思想传统对此持消极立场,这是双方对“道”与“言”关系看法相左的结果。由此导致中西逻辑有别:中国逻辑重视实际观点的论证和类比推理,西方则将演绎推理视为理性的根本。前者对逻辑陈述的分析简单,后者则重视命题结构和范畴的系统分析。中国逻辑独立形成且具备特质,跟西方、印度逻辑体系三分天下,“对言语法”和对话逻辑继承并发展了上述传统,这是其合理性的重要依据之一。

从唐诗的迭映看汉语的语法

本文旨在从唐诗的迭映来重新认识汉语的语法,对迭映的概念、认知结构、句法结构、逻辑结构和形成原因进行考察,从语法学视角对迭映的概念重新进行界说。迭映的认知结构可以用视窗的提取与激活模型来解释,根据视窗的弹性和注意力的广度可以把迭映分为半句迭映和全句迭映。迭映的句法结构具有断连性、并置性和韵致性等特点。迭映的逻辑结构是“二元相关律逻辑”,属于成对关联词表达的二元倚变。迭映的形成来源于对话,可以看作是听话人对说话人的接话,迭映的前半部分和后半部分还是对言,听话人接续完成了说话人未说完的话,体现了语言的交互主观性。唐诗的迭映不仅可以佐证汉语的名词是“大名词”,而且还让我们认识到汉语的语法是“对言语法(大语法)”。

Combining ODM and OCL in ontology verification

In order to automatically find and conveniently rectify the structural conflicts appearing in a new ontology model version after a series of ontology evolution,we propose an ontology model verification approach,in which the object constraint language (OCL) and an ontology definition meta-model (ODM) are used to complete the ontology verification.The ODM is composed of the ontology related elements and the definition rule related elements.The OCL is employed to describe the elements in the ontology definition meta-model:OCL extension for the ontology related elements,and OCL extension for the ontological design patterns.All of the above OCL rules will describe the constraint relationships between ontology elements.Associated with an example,the application of the ontology model verification approach based on OCL and ODM is introduced.Consequently,the conflicts happened in the ontology changing and evolution can be easily verified and rectified through this approach.