Clothing attribute recognition has become an essential technology,which enables users to automatically identify the characteristics of clothes and search for clothing images with similar attributes.However,existing me...Clothing attribute recognition has become an essential technology,which enables users to automatically identify the characteristics of clothes and search for clothing images with similar attributes.However,existing methods cannot recognize newly added attributes and may fail to capture region-level visual features.To address the aforementioned issues,a region-aware fashion contrastive language-image pre-training(RaF-CLIP)model was proposed.This model aligned cropped and segmented images with category and multiple fine-grained attribute texts,achieving the matching of fashion region and corresponding texts through contrastive learning.Clothing retrieval found suitable clothing based on the user-specified clothing categories and attributes,and to further improve the accuracy of retrieval,an attribute-guided composed network(AGCN)as an additional component on RaF-CLIP was introduced,specifically designed for composed image retrieval.This task aimed to modify the reference image based on textual expressions to retrieve the expected target.By adopting a transformer-based bidirectional attention and gating mechanism,it realized the fusion and selection of image features and attribute text features.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a mean precision of 0.6633 for attribute recognition tasks and a recall@10(recall@k is defined as the percentage of correct samples appearing in the top k retrieval results)of 39.18 for composed image retrieval task,satisfying user needs for freely searching for clothing through images and texts.展开更多
In consideration of the limitation of super-peer overlay network, the semantic information was introduced into the super-peers＇ organization. A novel P2P （peer-to-peer） searching model, SSP2P, was put forward. The ...In consideration of the limitation of super-peer overlay network, the semantic information was introduced into the super-peers＇ organization. A novel P2P （peer-to-peer） searching model, SSP2P, was put forward. The peers in the model were organized in a natural area autonomy system （AAS） based on the smallworld theory. A super-peer was selected in each AAS based on power law; and all the super-peers formed different super-peer semantic networks. Thus, a hierarchical super-peer overlay network was formed. The results show that the model reduces the communication cost and enhances the search efficiency while ensuring the system expansibility. It proves that the introduction of semantic information in the construction of a super-peer overlay is favorable to P2P system capability.展开更多
This article begins with a brief introduction to the concept of parallel information and integration or disintegration of the teaching material resources. It discusses the necessity and problems of effective utilizati...This article begins with a brief introduction to the concept of parallel information and integration or disintegration of the teaching material resources. It discusses the necessity and problems of effective utilization in teaching material resources based on a questionnaire on college students and teachers. It also presents some suggestions for English teachers to be of good help to students in the utilization of material resources.展开更多
Sexism of language can be defined as prejudice or discrimination against people, especially women, showing in actual language use. This paper attempts to explore sexism in language system through examining various asy...Sexism of language can be defined as prejudice or discrimination against people, especially women, showing in actual language use. This paper attempts to explore sexism in language system through examining various asymmetric phenomena in language forms, word meanings and address forms.展开更多
Translation is cross-cultural activity existing between two different language signs. In the process of translating, translators can not get out of the influence of cultural elements. From the angle of cross-cultural ...Translation is cross-cultural activity existing between two different language signs. In the process of translating, translators can not get out of the influence of cultural elements. From the angle of cross-cultural pragmatic contrasting, the author makes analysis of the problems of difference existing between the volume of information borne or transmitted between two different language signs in the process of translating under the influence of cultural elements, and points out that to study these problems, translators must consider a series of problems about cross-cultural cognitive context. This article also makes cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis in world view difference, register difference, imaginative difference and metaphor difference. The author introduces the method of cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis and suggests taking a series of measures to improve translation education.展开更多
Through the introduction of Nida＇s translation principles that should be obeyed in trademark translation, the theory, characteristics of trademark and some essay discussed that the theory of dynamic equivalence （fu...Through the introduction of Nida＇s translation principles that should be obeyed in trademark translation, the theory, characteristics of trademark and some essay discussed that the theory of dynamic equivalence （functional equivalence） was applied in trademark translation through the literal translation, transliteration and combination of the both. The essay also pointed out that the theory of functional equivalence was an important theory for trademark translation.展开更多
The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding ...The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding and study on the overseas related teaching methods, tries to use some new concepts and practice of foreign countries for reference, and works out the way to improve the traditional Chinese teaching methods.展开更多
Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college student...Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.展开更多
Teacher Talk （TT） is an important language input in EFL （English as a Foreign Language） class and the quality of TT is closely related with the proficiency of second language acquisition. In recent years, many sch...Teacher Talk （TT） is an important language input in EFL （English as a Foreign Language） class and the quality of TT is closely related with the proficiency of second language acquisition. In recent years, many scholars have carried out some theoretical and empirical studies on the various features of TT. Based on the papers published in some world key journals, this paper has made a comparison between Chinese scholars and western scholars on the research features of TT in terms of the three levels： research subject, research methodology and research content. The paper has also proposed some suggestions on how to improve Chinese English teacher＇s talk and the classroom teaching quality.展开更多
Automatic Chinese text summarization for dialogue style is a relatively new research area. In this paper, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） is first used to extract semantic knowledge from a given document, all questio...Automatic Chinese text summarization for dialogue style is a relatively new research area. In this paper, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） is first used to extract semantic knowledge from a given document, all question paragraphs are identified, an automatic text segmentation approach analogous to Text＇filing is exploited to improve the precision of correlating question paragraphs and answer paragraphs, and finally some ＂important＂ sentences are extracted from the generic content and the question-answer pairs to generate a complete summary. Experimental results showed that our approach is highly efficient and improves significantly the coherence of the summary while not compromising informativeness.展开更多
Based on the data collected from the questionnaires, this paper discusses various problems concerning intercultural communication competence the non-English majors at ＂high-leveled, applicationoriented＂ level faced ...Based on the data collected from the questionnaires, this paper discusses various problems concerning intercultural communication competence the non-English majors at ＂high-leveled, applicationoriented＂ level faced in Shanghai Institute of Technology. Besides, it analyzes the necessity and feasibility in developing intercultural communication competence, and puts forward some constructive suggestions to enhance intercultural communication competence in adult English teaching.展开更多
Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method ...Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method for Chinese English parallel corpus, which differs from previous length based algorithm in its knowledge-rich approach. Experimental result shows that this method produces over 93% accuracy with usual English-Chinese dictionaries whose translations cover 31 88%～47 90% of the corpus.展开更多
From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are ...From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.展开更多
Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are man...Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971121)。
文摘Clothing attribute recognition has become an essential technology,which enables users to automatically identify the characteristics of clothes and search for clothing images with similar attributes.However,existing methods cannot recognize newly added attributes and may fail to capture region-level visual features.To address the aforementioned issues,a region-aware fashion contrastive language-image pre-training(RaF-CLIP)model was proposed.This model aligned cropped and segmented images with category and multiple fine-grained attribute texts,achieving the matching of fashion region and corresponding texts through contrastive learning.Clothing retrieval found suitable clothing based on the user-specified clothing categories and attributes,and to further improve the accuracy of retrieval,an attribute-guided composed network(AGCN)as an additional component on RaF-CLIP was introduced,specifically designed for composed image retrieval.This task aimed to modify the reference image based on textual expressions to retrieve the expected target.By adopting a transformer-based bidirectional attention and gating mechanism,it realized the fusion and selection of image features and attribute text features.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a mean precision of 0.6633 for attribute recognition tasks and a recall@10(recall@k is defined as the percentage of correct samples appearing in the top k retrieval results)of 39.18 for composed image retrieval task,satisfying user needs for freely searching for clothing through images and texts.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60573127), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20040533036).
文摘In consideration of the limitation of super-peer overlay network, the semantic information was introduced into the super-peers＇ organization. A novel P2P （peer-to-peer） searching model, SSP2P, was put forward. The peers in the model were organized in a natural area autonomy system （AAS） based on the smallworld theory. A super-peer was selected in each AAS based on power law; and all the super-peers formed different super-peer semantic networks. Thus, a hierarchical super-peer overlay network was formed. The results show that the model reduces the communication cost and enhances the search efficiency while ensuring the system expansibility. It proves that the introduction of semantic information in the construction of a super-peer overlay is favorable to P2P system capability.
文摘This article begins with a brief introduction to the concept of parallel information and integration or disintegration of the teaching material resources. It discusses the necessity and problems of effective utilization in teaching material resources based on a questionnaire on college students and teachers. It also presents some suggestions for English teachers to be of good help to students in the utilization of material resources.
文摘Sexism of language can be defined as prejudice or discrimination against people, especially women, showing in actual language use. This paper attempts to explore sexism in language system through examining various asymmetric phenomena in language forms, word meanings and address forms.
文摘Translation is cross-cultural activity existing between two different language signs. In the process of translating, translators can not get out of the influence of cultural elements. From the angle of cross-cultural pragmatic contrasting, the author makes analysis of the problems of difference existing between the volume of information borne or transmitted between two different language signs in the process of translating under the influence of cultural elements, and points out that to study these problems, translators must consider a series of problems about cross-cultural cognitive context. This article also makes cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis in world view difference, register difference, imaginative difference and metaphor difference. The author introduces the method of cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis and suggests taking a series of measures to improve translation education.
文摘Through the introduction of Nida＇s translation principles that should be obeyed in trademark translation, the theory, characteristics of trademark and some essay discussed that the theory of dynamic equivalence （functional equivalence） was applied in trademark translation through the literal translation, transliteration and combination of the both. The essay also pointed out that the theory of functional equivalence was an important theory for trademark translation.
文摘The author adopts the research methods of presentations → contrasts → analyses by perceiving the drawbacks of traditional Chinese grammar teaching based on her overseas study experience as well as the understanding and study on the overseas related teaching methods, tries to use some new concepts and practice of foreign countries for reference, and works out the way to improve the traditional Chinese teaching methods.
文摘Based on linguistic theories which developed by Saussure and some other contemporary linguists, this article attempts to analyze the factors that cause low English parole competence of the contemporary college students under non-target language environment. It views that how to properly deal with the relationship between langue and parole is still a debating focus in applied linguistics. The result of low English parole competence of contemporary college students is due to the interaction of the contemporary College English syllabus, text books pedagogies and the English language level of both students and teachers. Thus it puts forward some suggestions to improve the college students＇ English parole competence.
文摘Teacher Talk （TT） is an important language input in EFL （English as a Foreign Language） class and the quality of TT is closely related with the proficiency of second language acquisition. In recent years, many scholars have carried out some theoretical and empirical studies on the various features of TT. Based on the papers published in some world key journals, this paper has made a comparison between Chinese scholars and western scholars on the research features of TT in terms of the three levels： research subject, research methodology and research content. The paper has also proposed some suggestions on how to improve Chinese English teacher＇s talk and the classroom teaching quality.
基金Project (No. 2002AA119050) supported by the National Hi-TechResearch and Development Program (863) of China
文摘Automatic Chinese text summarization for dialogue style is a relatively new research area. In this paper, Latent Semantic Analysis （LSA） is first used to extract semantic knowledge from a given document, all question paragraphs are identified, an automatic text segmentation approach analogous to Text＇filing is exploited to improve the precision of correlating question paragraphs and answer paragraphs, and finally some ＂important＂ sentences are extracted from the generic content and the question-answer pairs to generate a complete summary. Experimental results showed that our approach is highly efficient and improves significantly the coherence of the summary while not compromising informativeness.
文摘Based on the data collected from the questionnaires, this paper discusses various problems concerning intercultural communication competence the non-English majors at ＂high-leveled, applicationoriented＂ level faced in Shanghai Institute of Technology. Besides, it analyzes the necessity and feasibility in developing intercultural communication competence, and puts forward some constructive suggestions to enhance intercultural communication competence in adult English teaching.
文摘Parallel corpus is of great importance to machine translation, and automatic sentence alignment is the first step towards its processing. This paper puts forward a bilingual dictionary based sentence alignment method for Chinese English parallel corpus, which differs from previous length based algorithm in its knowledge-rich approach. Experimental result shows that this method produces over 93% accuracy with usual English-Chinese dictionaries whose translations cover 31 88%～47 90% of the corpus.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.60425206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60633010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2006094)
文摘From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.
文摘Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.
