Six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different phosphorus (P) efficiency, selected according to their relative yield in P-deficient soil to that in P sufficient soil, were used to compare their responses to...Six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different phosphorus (P) efficiency, selected according to their relative yield in P-deficient soil to that in P sufficient soil, were used to compare their responses to P deficiency in growth, root and shoot P content and P concentration in leaf phloem exudates in solution culture. Results showed that P deficiency repressed shoot growth, whereas stimulated root growth. Accordingly, root-shoot dry weight ratio of the P deficient plants was relatively larger than that of the P-sufficient plants. Comparing with P-inefficient varieties, the growth rate of shoot and roots of P-efficient varieties was relatively low both under P-sufficient and -deficient conditions. Phosphorus deficiency also resulted in decrease in shoot and root P content. The rate of decrease in shoot was faster than in root. Difference in P partitioning in shoot and root between P-efficient and -inefficient varieties could not be observed. However, a negative relationship between P concentration in leaf phloem exudates of nine-day-old seedlings of these wheat varieties and their degrees of P efficiency were found under the P-sufficient condition, with higher in P-inefficient varieties but lower in P-efficient varieties. The reduce rate of P concentration in leaf phloem exudates of P-efficient varieties was rather slower than that of P-inefficient varieties, showing higher relative P concentration in leaf phloem exudates. The relative P concentration in leaf phloem exudates under P deficiency ranged from 35.9% of the P-sufficient controls in P-inefficient varieties to 59.0% in P-efficient varieties on the 10th day after the treatments.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust has become the most dangerous disease which threaten safe yield of wheat in Sichuan Province. It is meaningful to provide technique support for integrated disease control by exploring the effective c...Wheat stripe rust has become the most dangerous disease which threaten safe yield of wheat in Sichuan Province. It is meaningful to provide technique support for integrated disease control by exploring the effective control measures of wheat stripe rust. Wheat stripe rust dynamic developments of all-planting and mixed-planting have been systematically investigated in this study by taking different mixed-planting combinations among 6 wheat varieties with different resistance levels. The results of this experiment show that the mixed-plantings of 4 and 6 wheat varieties can delay the occurance of wheat stripe rust,slow the speed of disease and decline the damage of disease as well as stabilize yield of wheats.展开更多
Genetic diversity at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1 loci was investigated in 89 Sichuan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and SDS_PAGE. In these landraces, a total...Genetic diversity at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1 loci was investigated in 89 Sichuan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and SDS_PAGE. In these landraces, a total of 32 gliadin and 3 high_molecular_weight (HMW) glutenin patterns were observed. In total, 14, 15 and 5 alleles were identified at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1, respectively. At each locus, the alleles in higher frequency were Gli_A1a (89%), Gli_B1h (46%), Gli_D1a (65%), Gli_A2a (64%), Gli_B2j (45%), Gli_D2a (48%), Glu_A1c (99%), Glu_B1b (99%) and Glu_D1a (100%). The Nei's genetic variation index (H) of Sichuan wheat landraces was 0.370?6, varying from 0 to 0.708?7. The highest genetic diversity was found at Gli_B2 locus, while the lowest was found at Glu_D1. The genetic diversity at Gli loci was higher than that of Glu_1 loci among these landraces, but it was much lower than that of modern wheat cultivars. These results indicated a narrow genetic base of Sichuan wheat landraces. In this study, “Chengdu_guangtou” had the identical gliadin and HMW_glutenin patterns with “Chinese Spring”, further supporting the proposal that “Chinese Spring” is a strain of “Chengdu_guangtou”.展开更多
High temperature is an important limiting factor to the improvement of wheat yield. When suffered hot stress,wheat will produce a series of heat shock proteins to adapt this adversity. In different upgrowth phases,or ...High temperature is an important limiting factor to the improvement of wheat yield. When suffered hot stress,wheat will produce a series of heat shock proteins to adapt this adversity. In different upgrowth phases,or different heat-resistant crop varieties,the heat shock protein exist differences. Therefore,study on differences of heat shock protein has significant theoretical and practical meaning for researching heat resistance of wheat. By using SDS-PAGE method,the inducing conditions and manifestation of heat shock protein were studied,which provided theoretical basis for yield increasing of wheat.展开更多
Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of su...Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of subfreezing temperature on freezing injury of various winter wheat cultivars at different sowing time. Three wheat cultivars, including Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50, were sowed on 25 September and 5 October, respectively. Plant anatomy was applied to investi- gate the impact of subfreezing temperature on cells of three wheat cultivars, results showed that severe plasmolysis occurred in wheat sowed earlier suddenly encoun- tered subfreezing temperature without cold acclimation, compared with wheat sowed at proper sowing time. The degree of plasmolysis of different cultivars and tissues of wheat had significant differences and showed positive correlation with subfreezing temperature. Wanmai 50 had the highest cold resistance compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, and there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48. This study concluded that wheat cold resistance may be im- proved by adopting proper cultivars and sowing dates.展开更多
[Objective] The objective of the study was to elucidate the duplicate collinearity diagnosis method for soil nutrient and provide basis for establishment of multiple regression model of relationship between independen...[Objective] The objective of the study was to elucidate the duplicate collinearity diagnosis method for soil nutrient and provide basis for establishment of multiple regression model of relationship between independent variable and depen- dent variable in fruit trees. [Method] An investigation on soil nutrients and ＇Fuji＇ fruit quality was conducted at 153 commercial apple orchards in the production re- gions of 51 counties in China from 2011 to 2012. At first, the regression equation was used to do the duplicate collinearity diagnosis, and then the partial least squares regression was used to analyze the weights of different soil nutrients that affected the fruit quality and screen out main soil nutrients. [Result] The results showed the conditional number between soil nutrients was 61.31, and the correlation coefficient of soil pH and available calcium, iron was 0.82 and -0.824 respectively, which demonstrated that there was multicollinearity between various soil nutrient contents. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available nitro- gen, available phosphorus, available zinc, available iron and available boron showed positive effect Ioadings on fruit quality, while the }oadings and weights of the effects of available calcium and pH on fruit quality were negative. The variable importance for projection method was adopted to get the orders of the effects of major soil nu- trients on fruit quality, which was in the order of soil available calcium, nitrogen, available iron, available phosphorous, organic matter and available boron. The solu- ble solid content of the fruit was affected by soil organic matter, available phospho- rus, available iron, available boron and soil pH. [Conclusion] This study provided an analysis method and theoretical basis for the study and analysis on the relationships between dependent variables and multi-objective optimization, as well as the effects of soil nutrients on fruit quality in fruit tree.展开更多
In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Ar...In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region＂ were used as experimental materials to investigate their bread-making quality, noodle-making quality and other related characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the wheat varieties had better bread-making quality; the bread made from wheat with longer dough mixing time than 3.0 min had better texture, lighter color, and better taste. All these 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties showed good noodle-making quality in color, appearance, smoothness and taste; the differences between varieties were mainly found in palatability and viscoelasticity. Jimai 20, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 7698, Ji＇nan 17 and Zhengmai 9023 exhibited excellent bread-making quality; Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 displayed excellent noodle-making quality. Fresh dough sheets made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 exhibited slight color variation within 24 h and high peak starch paste viscosity; dry and cooked noodles made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 had good quality.展开更多
The winter wheat variety Nongda No. 399 was developed by Agriculture and Biotechnology College of China Agricultural University and Hebei Jincheng Seed Corporation Ltd. with the characteristics of high yield, high-res...The winter wheat variety Nongda No. 399 was developed by Agriculture and Biotechnology College of China Agricultural University and Hebei Jincheng Seed Corporation Ltd. with the characteristics of high yield, high-resistance and wide adaptation. The variety is suitable for direct seeding in the winter wheat planting area of the central and southern Hebei Province.展开更多
[Objective] The objective was to research the quality evaluation of Chinese wheat variety which analyzed in Europe laboratory, discuss the quality analysis standard of different countries. [Method] Two leading varieti...[Objective] The objective was to research the quality evaluation of Chinese wheat variety which analyzed in Europe laboratory, discuss the quality analysis standard of different countries. [Method] Two leading varieties （Yangnong19, Jimai22） of Huanghuai wheat area from China were analyzed in Cra-w （Walloon Agricultural Research Centre）. [Result] Yannong19 corresponds to amuchstronger flour with a far better gluten quality. It could be used for bread making. It could also be used to produce good quality gluten. Jimai22 is not suitable for bread making but would probably be better for noodles production. [Conclusion] Protein results which come from NIR instrument are over estimating the content. This is probably due to the fact that Europe instruments are calibrated with European wheat.展开更多
In wheat-cotton intercropping system,the spike number per unit area,grains per spike,thousand-grain weight and yield of side line and inner line were investigated in six wheat varieties to study the marginal superiori...In wheat-cotton intercropping system,the spike number per unit area,grains per spike,thousand-grain weight and yield of side line and inner line were investigated in six wheat varieties to study the marginal superiority and select suitable wheat varieties intercropped with cotton.The results showed that Xingmai No.4had obvious marginal superiority with the yield of 6 919.0 kg/hm2,so it was the suitable variety for wheat-cotton intercropping system.展开更多
The new wheat varieties with more than 6.67x104 hm2 of planting area in Henan Province during 2007-2017 were analyzed. The results showed that in the past eleven years, there were total 43 varieties from 23 breeding u...The new wheat varieties with more than 6.67x104 hm2 of planting area in Henan Province during 2007-2017 were analyzed. The results showed that in the past eleven years, there were total 43 varieties from 23 breeding units of which the annual planting areas were more than 6.67x104 hm2. Among them, the annual planting areas of 13 varieties from 7 breeding units exceeded 3.33x10 hm2. The total cultivation area of 43 wheat varieties accounted for about 80% of the total wheat cultivation area in Henan in that year. Most of the varieties come from provincial universities and research institutes and municipal agricultural academies, Zhengmai 9023 was the spring wheat variety that had the largest annual and accu- mulated cultivation area, and Aikang 58 was the semi-winter wheat cultivar with the largest annual and accumulated planting area. Semi-winter varieties were the domi- nator. Among the wheat varieties planted in large area in Henan Province, medium- gluten and state-approved varieties are dominant; and provincial and municipal academies are the breeders of the major wheat cultivars in Henan.展开更多
Based on the relevant theory, this paper makes an analysis of humor in Chinese popular art form --sketch. It is believed that the maximal relevance and the optimal relevance of utterances, explicature and implicature ...Based on the relevant theory, this paper makes an analysis of humor in Chinese popular art form --sketch. It is believed that the maximal relevance and the optimal relevance of utterances, explicature and implicature of utterances, and the efforts made by hearers in dealing with utterances are three important aspects in showing humorous effects in sketches, among which sketch actors＇ violating the mutual cognitive environment so as to create an unexpected effect on hearers is the core in creating humor in sketches. Through analyzing some excerpts from the sketch Yesterday.Today.Tomorrow, the author tries to explore the relevance nature of language in sketch and creation of humor in it.展开更多
文摘Six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with different phosphorus (P) efficiency, selected according to their relative yield in P-deficient soil to that in P sufficient soil, were used to compare their responses to P deficiency in growth, root and shoot P content and P concentration in leaf phloem exudates in solution culture. Results showed that P deficiency repressed shoot growth, whereas stimulated root growth. Accordingly, root-shoot dry weight ratio of the P deficient plants was relatively larger than that of the P-sufficient plants. Comparing with P-inefficient varieties, the growth rate of shoot and roots of P-efficient varieties was relatively low both under P-sufficient and -deficient conditions. Phosphorus deficiency also resulted in decrease in shoot and root P content. The rate of decrease in shoot was faster than in root. Difference in P partitioning in shoot and root between P-efficient and -inefficient varieties could not be observed. However, a negative relationship between P concentration in leaf phloem exudates of nine-day-old seedlings of these wheat varieties and their degrees of P efficiency were found under the P-sufficient condition, with higher in P-inefficient varieties but lower in P-efficient varieties. The reduce rate of P concentration in leaf phloem exudates of P-efficient varieties was rather slower than that of P-inefficient varieties, showing higher relative P concentration in leaf phloem exudates. The relative P concentration in leaf phloem exudates under P deficiency ranged from 35.9% of the P-sufficient controls in P-inefficient varieties to 59.0% in P-efficient varieties on the 10th day after the treatments.
文摘Wheat stripe rust has become the most dangerous disease which threaten safe yield of wheat in Sichuan Province. It is meaningful to provide technique support for integrated disease control by exploring the effective control measures of wheat stripe rust. Wheat stripe rust dynamic developments of all-planting and mixed-planting have been systematically investigated in this study by taking different mixed-planting combinations among 6 wheat varieties with different resistance levels. The results of this experiment show that the mixed-plantings of 4 and 6 wheat varieties can delay the occurance of wheat stripe rust,slow the speed of disease and decline the damage of disease as well as stabilize yield of wheats.
文摘Genetic diversity at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1 loci was investigated in 89 Sichuan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and SDS_PAGE. In these landraces, a total of 32 gliadin and 3 high_molecular_weight (HMW) glutenin patterns were observed. In total, 14, 15 and 5 alleles were identified at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1, respectively. At each locus, the alleles in higher frequency were Gli_A1a (89%), Gli_B1h (46%), Gli_D1a (65%), Gli_A2a (64%), Gli_B2j (45%), Gli_D2a (48%), Glu_A1c (99%), Glu_B1b (99%) and Glu_D1a (100%). The Nei's genetic variation index (H) of Sichuan wheat landraces was 0.370?6, varying from 0 to 0.708?7. The highest genetic diversity was found at Gli_B2 locus, while the lowest was found at Glu_D1. The genetic diversity at Gli loci was higher than that of Glu_1 loci among these landraces, but it was much lower than that of modern wheat cultivars. These results indicated a narrow genetic base of Sichuan wheat landraces. In this study, “Chengdu_guangtou” had the identical gliadin and HMW_glutenin patterns with “Chinese Spring”, further supporting the proposal that “Chinese Spring” is a strain of “Chengdu_guangtou”.
文摘High temperature is an important limiting factor to the improvement of wheat yield. When suffered hot stress,wheat will produce a series of heat shock proteins to adapt this adversity. In different upgrowth phases,or different heat-resistant crop varieties,the heat shock protein exist differences. Therefore,study on differences of heat shock protein has significant theoretical and practical meaning for researching heat resistance of wheat. By using SDS-PAGE method,the inducing conditions and manifestation of heat shock protein were studied,which provided theoretical basis for yield increasing of wheat.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BAD16B06,2012BAD04B09)~~
文摘Freezing injury is one of the major disasters for the production of winter wheat in the North China Plain, which leads to a significant decrease of wheat yield. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of subfreezing temperature on freezing injury of various winter wheat cultivars at different sowing time. Three wheat cultivars, including Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50, were sowed on 25 September and 5 October, respectively. Plant anatomy was applied to investi- gate the impact of subfreezing temperature on cells of three wheat cultivars, results showed that severe plasmolysis occurred in wheat sowed earlier suddenly encoun- tered subfreezing temperature without cold acclimation, compared with wheat sowed at proper sowing time. The degree of plasmolysis of different cultivars and tissues of wheat had significant differences and showed positive correlation with subfreezing temperature. Wanmai 50 had the highest cold resistance compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, and there was no significant difference between Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48. This study concluded that wheat cold resistance may be im- proved by adopting proper cultivars and sowing dates.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6132013)the Science and Technology Innovation Ability Construction Projects of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science(KJCX20140406)~~
文摘[Objective] The objective of the study was to elucidate the duplicate collinearity diagnosis method for soil nutrient and provide basis for establishment of multiple regression model of relationship between independent variable and depen- dent variable in fruit trees. [Method] An investigation on soil nutrients and ＇Fuji＇ fruit quality was conducted at 153 commercial apple orchards in the production re- gions of 51 counties in China from 2011 to 2012. At first, the regression equation was used to do the duplicate collinearity diagnosis, and then the partial least squares regression was used to analyze the weights of different soil nutrients that affected the fruit quality and screen out main soil nutrients. [Result] The results showed the conditional number between soil nutrients was 61.31, and the correlation coefficient of soil pH and available calcium, iron was 0.82 and -0.824 respectively, which demonstrated that there was multicollinearity between various soil nutrient contents. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available nitro- gen, available phosphorus, available zinc, available iron and available boron showed positive effect Ioadings on fruit quality, while the }oadings and weights of the effects of available calcium and pH on fruit quality were negative. The variable importance for projection method was adopted to get the orders of the effects of major soil nu- trients on fruit quality, which was in the order of soil available calcium, nitrogen, available iron, available phosphorous, organic matter and available boron. The solu- ble solid content of the fruit was affected by soil organic matter, available phospho- rus, available iron, available boron and soil pH. [Conclusion] This study provided an analysis method and theoretical basis for the study and analysis on the relationships between dependent variables and multi-objective optimization, as well as the effects of soil nutrients on fruit quality in fruit tree.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-03)Special Fund for Seed Industry Construction from Taishan Scholar FoundationNational Science and Technology Major Project for Genetic Improvement of Crop Quality~~
文摘In this study, 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties screened by the Key Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System ＂Study on Industrial Technology for Strong-gluten Wheat from Lime Concretion Black Soil Area in the Huanghuai Wheat Region＂ were used as experimental materials to investigate their bread-making quality, noodle-making quality and other related characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the wheat varieties had better bread-making quality; the bread made from wheat with longer dough mixing time than 3.0 min had better texture, lighter color, and better taste. All these 13 strong-gluten wheat varieties showed good noodle-making quality in color, appearance, smoothness and taste; the differences between varieties were mainly found in palatability and viscoelasticity. Jimai 20, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 7698, Ji＇nan 17 and Zhengmai 9023 exhibited excellent bread-making quality; Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 displayed excellent noodle-making quality. Fresh dough sheets made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 exhibited slight color variation within 24 h and high peak starch paste viscosity; dry and cooked noodles made from Zhengmai 366, Jimai 20 and Xinong 979 had good quality.
文摘The winter wheat variety Nongda No. 399 was developed by Agriculture and Biotechnology College of China Agricultural University and Hebei Jincheng Seed Corporation Ltd. with the characteristics of high yield, high-resistance and wide adaptation. The variety is suitable for direct seeding in the winter wheat planting area of the central and southern Hebei Province.
基金Support by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3-2-14)Subject Construction Project of AAAS(Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences)(14A0214)Subject Construction Project of AAAS(Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences)(16A0204)~~
文摘[Objective] The objective was to research the quality evaluation of Chinese wheat variety which analyzed in Europe laboratory, discuss the quality analysis standard of different countries. [Method] Two leading varieties （Yangnong19, Jimai22） of Huanghuai wheat area from China were analyzed in Cra-w （Walloon Agricultural Research Centre）. [Result] Yannong19 corresponds to amuchstronger flour with a far better gluten quality. It could be used for bread making. It could also be used to produce good quality gluten. Jimai22 is not suitable for bread making but would probably be better for noodles production. [Conclusion] Protein results which come from NIR instrument are over estimating the content. This is probably due to the fact that Europe instruments are calibrated with European wheat.
文摘In wheat-cotton intercropping system,the spike number per unit area,grains per spike,thousand-grain weight and yield of side line and inner line were investigated in six wheat varieties to study the marginal superiority and select suitable wheat varieties intercropped with cotton.The results showed that Xingmai No.4had obvious marginal superiority with the yield of 6 919.0 kg/hm2,so it was the suitable variety for wheat-cotton intercropping system.
文摘The new wheat varieties with more than 6.67x104 hm2 of planting area in Henan Province during 2007-2017 were analyzed. The results showed that in the past eleven years, there were total 43 varieties from 23 breeding units of which the annual planting areas were more than 6.67x104 hm2. Among them, the annual planting areas of 13 varieties from 7 breeding units exceeded 3.33x10 hm2. The total cultivation area of 43 wheat varieties accounted for about 80% of the total wheat cultivation area in Henan in that year. Most of the varieties come from provincial universities and research institutes and municipal agricultural academies, Zhengmai 9023 was the spring wheat variety that had the largest annual and accu- mulated cultivation area, and Aikang 58 was the semi-winter wheat cultivar with the largest annual and accumulated planting area. Semi-winter varieties were the domi- nator. Among the wheat varieties planted in large area in Henan Province, medium- gluten and state-approved varieties are dominant; and provincial and municipal academies are the breeders of the major wheat cultivars in Henan.
文摘Based on the relevant theory, this paper makes an analysis of humor in Chinese popular art form --sketch. It is believed that the maximal relevance and the optimal relevance of utterances, explicature and implicature of utterances, and the efforts made by hearers in dealing with utterances are three important aspects in showing humorous effects in sketches, among which sketch actors＇ violating the mutual cognitive environment so as to create an unexpected effect on hearers is the core in creating humor in sketches. Through analyzing some excerpts from the sketch Yesterday.Today.Tomorrow, the author tries to explore the relevance nature of language in sketch and creation of humor in it.
