The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the achievement gaps between students. Over the past thirty years, emphasis has been placed on achievement levels of students in this country. State test results...The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the achievement gaps between students. Over the past thirty years, emphasis has been placed on achievement levels of students in this country. State test results, SAT Scores, ACT scores and other assessment instruments have been used to determine performance standards and test results for students. Data analyzed for White students compared to African American and Hispanic students have provided critical information in identifying academic progress and skill deficits for all students. This article will highlight some of the achievement gaps which exit among White, African American and Hispanic Students. Recommendations will also be emphasized to help improve student achievement levels in an effort to close the achievement gap.展开更多
According to the chemical kinetic model of lysogeny/lysis switch in Escherichia coli （E. coil） infected by bacteriophage A, the entropy production rates of steady states are calculated. The resuits show that the lys...According to the chemical kinetic model of lysogeny/lysis switch in Escherichia coli （E. coil） infected by bacteriophage A, the entropy production rates of steady states are calculated. The resuits show that the lysogenic state has lower entropy production rate than lyric state, which provides an explanation on why the lysogenic state of A phage is so stable. We a/so notice that the entropy production rates of both lysogenic state and lyric state are lower than that of saddle-point and bifurcation state, which is consistent with the principle of minimum entropy production for living organism in nonequilibrium stationary state. Subsequently, the relations between CI and Cro degradation rates at two bifurcations and the changes of entropy production rate with CI and Cro degradation are deduced. The theory and method can be used to calculate entropy change in other molecular network.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the achievement gaps between students. Over the past thirty years, emphasis has been placed on achievement levels of students in this country. State test results, SAT Scores, ACT scores and other assessment instruments have been used to determine performance standards and test results for students. Data analyzed for White students compared to African American and Hispanic students have provided critical information in identifying academic progress and skill deficits for all students. This article will highlight some of the achievement gaps which exit among White, African American and Hispanic Students. Recommendations will also be emphasized to help improve student achievement levels in an effort to close the achievement gap.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11047180,90403010,and 200408020102Scientific Research Startup Foundation of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
文摘According to the chemical kinetic model of lysogeny/lysis switch in Escherichia coli （E. coil） infected by bacteriophage A, the entropy production rates of steady states are calculated. The resuits show that the lysogenic state has lower entropy production rate than lyric state, which provides an explanation on why the lysogenic state of A phage is so stable. We a/so notice that the entropy production rates of both lysogenic state and lyric state are lower than that of saddle-point and bifurcation state, which is consistent with the principle of minimum entropy production for living organism in nonequilibrium stationary state. Subsequently, the relations between CI and Cro degradation rates at two bifurcations and the changes of entropy production rate with CI and Cro degradation are deduced. The theory and method can be used to calculate entropy change in other molecular network.
