OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxic effect of the 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy （3DCRT） for non- small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS Fifty-two patients with the Stage-I and IV ...OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxic effect of the 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy （3DCRT） for non- small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS Fifty-two patients with the Stage-I and IV NSCLC were treated with 3DCRT. Cross analysis of the clinical data was conducted in the comparison between the 52 cases with 3DCRT and the other 50 cases with the conventional radiation therapy （CRT）. In the 3DCRT group, only the primary tumor and positive lymph-node draining area were included in the clinical target area, setting 4 to 6 coplanar or non-coplanar irradiation fields, with 2 Gy or 3 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction a day and 5 fractions per week. The total dose ranged from a test dose （DT） of 66 Gy to 72 Gy. In the CRT group, the field area contained the primary tumor plus the homolateral hilum of the lung, the mediastinum superior or hol-mediastinum, and opposed anteroposterior irradiation. When the dosage reached DT 36-40 Gy, an oblique portal administered radiation was conducted in order to avoid injuring the spinal cord. The DT was 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction a day, 5 fractions per week, with a total dose of 60 Gy to 70 Gy. RESULTS The therapeutic effect （CR ＋ PR） was 90.4% in the 3DCRT group, and was 72% in the CRT group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups, P 〈 0.01. There was a clinical symptom improvement attained by 96.5% and 86.4% respectively in the two groups, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, P 〈 0.01. The 6-month, 1 and 2-year overall survival rates were 92.3%, 75.0% and 42.3% in the 3DCRT group, and 76%, 60% and 30% in the CRT group, respectively. There was a significant difference in the 6-month overall survival rate between the groups, P 〈 0.05. There was no obvious significant difference in the 1 and 2-year overall survival rates between the two groups, P 〉 0.05. The toxic reaction was 12.5% and 23.7% respectively in the 3DCRT and CRT groups. Acute radioactive esophagitis and leucopenia were markedly lower in the 3DCRT group than in the CRT group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups, P 〈 0.05. No toxic reaction of Stage-III and over was found in the 3DCRT group during radiation therapy. CONCLUSION The 3DCRT method has a satisfactory shortterm efficacy and improvement of clinical symptoms in treating NSCLC, with a mild toxic reaction and good tolerance in patients. It can be used for enhancing the tumor-control rate and bettering the quality of life.展开更多
2014 is the 110^th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. This paper analyzes Deng Xiaoping＇s character by exploring the practice of law to cherish the memory of this great man. The author unfolds his ana...2014 is the 110^th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. This paper analyzes Deng Xiaoping＇s character by exploring the practice of law to cherish the memory of this great man. The author unfolds his analysis in terms of the following aspects： Deng＇s contributions to national independence and liberation, prosperity and happiness of the Chinese people.展开更多
Phase behaviors of different binary systems involving 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chlo- ride （[C12mim]Cl） and H20, [C12mim]Cl and different alcohols （1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1- hexanol and 1-octanol） are investig...Phase behaviors of different binary systems involving 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chlo- ride （[C12mim]Cl） and H20, [C12mim]Cl and different alcohols （1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1- hexanol and 1-octanol） are investigated at 25 ℃. Hexagonal liquid crystal phase （H1） is identified in [C12mim]Cl/H2O system, and lamellar liquid-crystalline （Lα） phase is found in [C12mim]Cl/alcohols systems by using polarized optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. The formation of such phases is considered as a synergetic result of the solvatophobic force and the hydrogen-bonded network comprising an imidazoliuin ring, chloride ion and water （or alcohols）, which can be confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. It is noticeable that in [C12mim]Cl/1-octanol system, the lattice spacings of lamellar phase increase with increasing C12mimCl concentration, which is opposite to the results of [C12mim]Cl/H2O system. This may result mainly from stronger static repulsion among hydrophilic headgroups of imidazolium salts arranged in the bilayers of lamellar structures. Further measurements by differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the lamellar phase is stable within a wide temperature range above room temperature. However, the lattice spacings decrease with the increase of temperature, which may. be due to the softening of the hydrocarbon chain of [C12mim]Cl molecules. In different alcohols systems, it is found that the lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal structure is easier to be formed when the carbon chain length becomes longer.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(No.NZ0680)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and toxic effect of the 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy （3DCRT） for non- small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS Fifty-two patients with the Stage-I and IV NSCLC were treated with 3DCRT. Cross analysis of the clinical data was conducted in the comparison between the 52 cases with 3DCRT and the other 50 cases with the conventional radiation therapy （CRT）. In the 3DCRT group, only the primary tumor and positive lymph-node draining area were included in the clinical target area, setting 4 to 6 coplanar or non-coplanar irradiation fields, with 2 Gy or 3 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction a day and 5 fractions per week. The total dose ranged from a test dose （DT） of 66 Gy to 72 Gy. In the CRT group, the field area contained the primary tumor plus the homolateral hilum of the lung, the mediastinum superior or hol-mediastinum, and opposed anteroposterior irradiation. When the dosage reached DT 36-40 Gy, an oblique portal administered radiation was conducted in order to avoid injuring the spinal cord. The DT was 1.8-2.0 Gy/fraction, 1 fraction a day, 5 fractions per week, with a total dose of 60 Gy to 70 Gy. RESULTS The therapeutic effect （CR ＋ PR） was 90.4% in the 3DCRT group, and was 72% in the CRT group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups, P 〈 0.01. There was a clinical symptom improvement attained by 96.5% and 86.4% respectively in the two groups, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, P 〈 0.01. The 6-month, 1 and 2-year overall survival rates were 92.3%, 75.0% and 42.3% in the 3DCRT group, and 76%, 60% and 30% in the CRT group, respectively. There was a significant difference in the 6-month overall survival rate between the groups, P 〈 0.05. There was no obvious significant difference in the 1 and 2-year overall survival rates between the two groups, P 〉 0.05. The toxic reaction was 12.5% and 23.7% respectively in the 3DCRT and CRT groups. Acute radioactive esophagitis and leucopenia were markedly lower in the 3DCRT group than in the CRT group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups, P 〈 0.05. No toxic reaction of Stage-III and over was found in the 3DCRT group during radiation therapy. CONCLUSION The 3DCRT method has a satisfactory shortterm efficacy and improvement of clinical symptoms in treating NSCLC, with a mild toxic reaction and good tolerance in patients. It can be used for enhancing the tumor-control rate and bettering the quality of life.
文摘2014 is the 110^th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. This paper analyzes Deng Xiaoping＇s character by exploring the practice of law to cherish the memory of this great man. The author unfolds his analysis in terms of the following aspects： Deng＇s contributions to national independence and liberation, prosperity and happiness of the Chinese people.
文摘Phase behaviors of different binary systems involving 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chlo- ride （[C12mim]Cl） and H20, [C12mim]Cl and different alcohols （1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1- hexanol and 1-octanol） are investigated at 25 ℃. Hexagonal liquid crystal phase （H1） is identified in [C12mim]Cl/H2O system, and lamellar liquid-crystalline （Lα） phase is found in [C12mim]Cl/alcohols systems by using polarized optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. The formation of such phases is considered as a synergetic result of the solvatophobic force and the hydrogen-bonded network comprising an imidazoliuin ring, chloride ion and water （or alcohols）, which can be confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. It is noticeable that in [C12mim]Cl/1-octanol system, the lattice spacings of lamellar phase increase with increasing C12mimCl concentration, which is opposite to the results of [C12mim]Cl/H2O system. This may result mainly from stronger static repulsion among hydrophilic headgroups of imidazolium salts arranged in the bilayers of lamellar structures. Further measurements by differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the lamellar phase is stable within a wide temperature range above room temperature. However, the lattice spacings decrease with the increase of temperature, which may. be due to the softening of the hydrocarbon chain of [C12mim]Cl molecules. In different alcohols systems, it is found that the lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal structure is easier to be formed when the carbon chain length becomes longer.
