Robust frame synchronization method for FDD-LTE systems

The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are respectively used to fulfill the subframe and frame synchronization in the long term evolution （LTE） systems. Based on the assumption that the channel frequency response of the primary synchronization signal symbol is nearly the same as that of the secondary synchronization symbol in frequency division duplex-LTE （FDD-LTE）, a new synchronization method is proposed. The frame synchronization success probability is simulated in different wireless channel models and the Mento-Carlo method is used in the simulation. Simulation results show that if the LMMSE channel estimation is adopted, the proposed method is robust at a low signal noise ratio （SNR） scenario and works well when cartier frequency offset and fast Fourier transform （FFT） window timing offset are considered in practical applications. The frame synchronization success probability can still exceed 99% with an SNR of 0 dB when the maximum Doppler shift is very large, which means that this robust frame synchronization method can be applicable in most mobile situations. Simulation results also show that the success probability of the proposed frame synchronization method is higher than that of the method which fulfills the frame synchronization through correlating the received secondary synchronization symbol with local sequences in practical applications.

Searching scheme in P2P system based on semantic overlay network

In consideration of the limitation of super-peer overlay network, the semantic information was introduced into the super-peers＇ organization. A novel P2P （peer-to-peer） searching model, SSP2P, was put forward. The peers in the model were organized in a natural area autonomy system （AAS） based on the smallworld theory. A super-peer was selected in each AAS based on power law; and all the super-peers formed different super-peer semantic networks. Thus, a hierarchical super-peer overlay network was formed. The results show that the model reduces the communication cost and enhances the search efficiency while ensuring the system expansibility. It proves that the introduction of semantic information in the construction of a super-peer overlay is favorable to P2P system capability.

First record of Colotrechnus Thomson(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) from China, with description of one newly-recorded species and a key to known species

The genus Colotrechnus in the Colotrechninae （Hymenoptera： Pteromalidae） with the new recorded species Colotrechnus viridis （Masi） is reported from China for the first time. It is also a new record for the subfamily Colotrechninae. Morphological descriptions, distribution and morphological figures are provided. The world species are differentiated in a key, the first provided for this genus. Type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

“以是生黄钟小素之首”辨讹

小素系小索之讹;小索即律准上的弦索。

Seven new record species of Psyllaephagus(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) from China

Seven species of Psyllaephagus are recorded from China for the first time： P. caillardiae Sugonjaev,P. colposceniae Trjapitzin, P. elaeagni Trjapitzin, P. longiventris Trjapitzin, P. nartshukae Trjapitzin, P.nikolskajae Trjapitzin and P. ogazae Sugonjaev. A key to the Chinese species of Psyllaephagus is given and illustrated with photomicrographs of the morphological characters.

Notes on the subgenus Svarciella(Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a new species from China

A new species, Minilimosina（Svarciella） linzhi sp. nov. in the subgenus Svarciella from China, is described. A key to the species in this subgenus from China is provided.

Study on Eucoenogenes Meyrick(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae),with a newly recorded species from China

The genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick is known from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.In the present paper,two species of the genus Eucoenogenes are recognized from China.E.ancyrota(Meyrick,1907)is reported in detail for the first time in China.Some characters of male genitalia are increased and variation of uncus between specimens from China and other areas is remarked.A key to the species of Eucoenogenes is provided based on the characters of male genitalia.The photographs of adult and male genitalia of E.ancyrota are given.

Retrieval-balloon-assisted enterography in post-pancreaticoduodenectomy endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

This case reports an application of conventional duodenoscope in a post pancreaticoduodenectomy patient with the help of retrieval balloon assisted enterography.The 56-year-old woman had pancreaticoduodenectomy with Child reconstruction 9 mo ago because of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and now there are recurrent enlarged lymph nodes in the anastomotic stoma of hepaticojejunostomy.Considering the patient's late-stage cancer,a plastic stent was then successfully placed there to drainage.The main challenge in this case was the extremely long afferent loop and blind cannulation through the anastomotic stoma of hepaticojejunostomy.Retrieval balloon assisted enterography is very helpful for duodenoscope going through the reconstructed intestinal tract and for the cannulation.After two weeks,the patient remained free of painful symptoms and free of fever.Liver function improved well.Four months after the placement of stent,the patient died of cachexia without jaundice,fever and abdominal pain according to her daughter's statement.

Key to families of Chalcidoidea(Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea) in paddy fields in Anhui,China

Nine families and 12 genera of Chalcidoidea were found in paddy fields from Wuhu, Anhui Province. An illustrated key to the nine families and a general diagnosis of the families are provided.

Aggregating metasearch engine results based on maximal entropy OWA operator

The maximal entropy ordered weighted averaging （ME-OWA） operator is used to aggregate metasearch engine results, and its newly analytical solution is also applied. Within the current context of the OWA operator, the methods for aggregating metasearch engine results are divided into two kinds. One has a unique solution, and the other has multiple solutions. The proposed method not only has crisp weights, but also provides multiple aggregation results for decision makers to choose from. In order to prove the application of the ME-OWA operator method, under the context of aggregating metasearch engine results, an example is given, which shows the results obtained by the ME-OWA operator method and the minimax linear programming （ minimax-LP ） method. Comparison between these two methods are also made. The results show that the ME-OWA operator has nearly the same aggregation results as those of the minimax-LP method.

Research and simulation on synchronization algorithm of PSS in a 5G system based on block cross-correlation

In response to the downlink synchronization requirements of the user equipment(UE)or third-party radio equipment in fifth-generation(5G)mobile communication systems,a synchronization algorithm of primary synchroni-zation signal(PSS)was designed and developed in the 5G system based on block cross-correlation.According to the new characteristics of the 5G synchronization channel and broadcast channel,starting from the traditional downlink synchronization algorithm of long-term evolution(LTE),the detection performance of the algorithm under a low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is improved by introducing an incoherent accumulation,and the new scheme of joint coarse frequency offset estimation is used to improve the frequency offset estimation performance.Finally,the performance of the proposed synchronization algorithm is verified by conducting a simulation on a 5G downlink simulation platform based on MATLAB software.Simulation results show that the improved downlink synchronization algorithm has stable performance in the tapped delay line-C(TDL-C)and additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channels with large frequency deviation and low SNR.

Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma development by aminotransferase to platelet ratio index in primary biliary cholangitis

AIM To investigate the usefulness of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI) in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) risk in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).METHODS We identified PBC patients between 2000 and 2015 by searching the electronic medical database of a tertiary center. The hazard ratio(HR) of HCC with different risk factors was determined by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS One hundred and forty-four PBC patients were recru-ited. Patients were diagnosed at a median age of 57.8 years [interquartile range(IQR): 48.7-71.5 years), and 41(28.5%) patients had cirrhosis at baseline. The median follow-up duration was 6.9 years(range: 1.0-26.3 years). Twelve patients developed HCC, with an incidence rate of 10.6 cases per 1000 patient-years. The overall 5-, 10-and 15-year cumulative incidences of HCC were 2.3% 95%CI: 0%-4.8%), 8.4%(95%CI: 1.8%-14.5%) and 21.6%(6.8%-34.1%), respectively. Older age(HR = 1.07), cirrhosis(HR = 4.38) and APRI at 1 year after treatment(APRI-r1) > 0.54(HR = 3.94) were independent factors for HCC development. APRI-r1, when combined with treatment response, further stratified HCC risk(log rank P < 0.05). The area under receiver operating curve of APRI-r1 in predicting HCC was 0.77(95%CI: 0.64-0.88).CONCLUSION APRI-r1 can be used to predict the development of HCC in PBC patients. Combination of APRI-r1 with treatment response can further stratify the HCC risk.

Fecal microbiota in pouchitis and ulcerative colitis

AIM To investigate the changes in microbiota in feces of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC) and pouchitis using genomic technology.METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from UC patients with or without an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA) procedure, as well as healthy controls. The touchdown polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify the whole V3 region of the 16 S r RNA gene, which was transcribed from DNA extracted from fecal samples. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to separate the amplicons. The band profiles and similarity indices were analyzed digitally. The predominant microbiota in different groups was confirmed by sequencing the 16 S rR NA gene. RESULTS Microbial biodiversity in the healthy controls was significantly higher compared with the UC groups(P < 0.001) and IPAA groups(P < 0.001). Compared with healthy controls, the UC patients in remission and those in the mildly active stage, the predominant species in patients with moderately and severely active UC changed obviously. In addition, the proportion of the dominant microbiota, which was negatively correlated with the disease activity of UC(r =-6.591, P < 0.01),was decreased in pouchitis patients. The numbers of two types of bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale, were reduced in UC. Patients with pouchitis had an altered microbiota composition compared with UC patients. The microbiota from pouchitis patients was less diverse than that from severely active UC patients. Sequencing results showed that similar microbiota, such as Clostridium perfringens, were shared in both UC and pouchitis.CONCLUSION Less diverse fecal microbiota was present in patients with UC and pouchitis. Increased C. perfringens in feces suggest its role in the exacerbation of UC and pouchitis.

Description of two new species of Cyclogastrella Bukovskij(Chalcidoidea:Pteromalidae) from China

Two new species of Cyclogastrella Bukovskij, Cyclogastrella tibetica sp. nov. and Cyclogastrella qinghaiensis sp. nov., are described and illustrated. C. leucaniae Liao is transferred fxom Cyclogastrella to the genus Dibrachys F6rster, 1856 as Dibrachys leucaniae （Liao, 1987） com. nov. A key to Chinese Cyclogastrella females and diagnoses for Chinese species are provided.

Control mesh representation of a class of minimal surfaces

Minimal surface is extensively employed in many areas. In this paper, we propose a control mesh representation of a class of minimal surfaces, called generalized helicoid minimal surfaces, which contain the right helicoid and catenoid as special examples. We firstly construct the Bézier-like basis called AHT Bézier basis in the space spanned by {1, t, sint, cost, sinht, cosht}, t∈[0,α], α∈[0,5π/2]. Then we propose the control mesh representation of the generalized helicoid using the AHT Bézier basis. This kind of representation enables generating the minimal surfaces using the de Casteljau-like algorithm in CAD/CAGD mod- elling systems.

A novel cell search scheme for OFDM cellular systems

A novel cell search scheme for OFDM cellular systems is proposed. It is based on one OFDM symbol with several identical slots as preamble, the time domain repetition structure of which can be utilized to accomplish OFDM timing/frequency synchronization. The cell ID is comprised of two parts: a sub-carrier mask index g and a sequence index x. Each sub-carrier mask activates or deactivates some of the sub-carriers, after which a differentially coded sequence is loaded on pairs of the adjacent active sub-carriers. The user equipment (UE) recognizes the mask with index g via power detection of the received frequency domain signal. Then it estimates the index x from differential demodulation followed by detection of the frequency domain se-quence. In order to improve the performance, a method of jointly estimating g and x is devised. Simulation results showed that the proposed scheme is able to support a very large number of cell IDs while maintaining a good performance even in bad multi-cell environment.

One new species of Tritneptis Girault(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from China with a key to Chinese species

The genus Tritneptis （Hymenoptera： Pteromalidae） in China is briefly introduced in this paper. One new species, Tritneptis riwoqensis Jiao ＆ Xiao, is described. Morphological descriptions, distributions and morphological figures are provided. A key to the three Chinese species is provided. Specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Controlling deflection of long steel I-shaped girder bridge using two V-shaped pre-tensioning cables

Despite appropriate design of girder under bending and shear,the deflection of long steel girders usually exceeds the allowable range,and therefore the structural designers encounter challenges in this regard.Considering significant features of the cables,namely,low weight,small cross section,and high tensile strength,they are used in this research so as to control the deflection of long girder bridges,rather than increasing their heights.In this study,theoretical relations are developed to calculate the increase in pre-tensioning force of V-shaped steel cables under external loading as well as the deflection of steel girder bridges with V-shaped cables and different support conditions.To verify the theoretical relations,the steel girder bridge is modeled in the finite element ABAQUS software with different support conditions without cable and with V-shaped cables.The obtained results show that the theoretical relations can appropriately predict the deflection of girder bridge with V-shaped cables and different support conditions.In this study,the effects of the distance from support on the deflection of mid span are studied in both simply supported and fixed supported girder bridge so as to obtain the appropriate distance from support causing the minimum deflection.

The leafhopper genus Helionides Matsumura(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini) from China

The leafhopper genus Helionides Matsumura from China is reviewed, four species are transferred from Acia McAtee to Helionides as new combinations, and two species are reported for the first time from China. A key to the species （males） of Helionides from China is provided.

AN EFFICIENT SHAPE RETRIEVAL WAY

By using the generalized Gaussian density model, this letter puts forward a new shape retrieval way based on the wavelet coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed shape feature description is superior to the traditional invariant moment algorithm. Moreover, this algorithm provides the important invariant trait to image's size and rotation, which can retrieve images based on shape with more similar results comparing with invariant moment method.