三类物资：观察中国计划经济运作中“小自由”的一个视角

三类物资是中国计划经济时期一个重要的社会经济现象。其发生的根据,在于计划体制的内在局限,以及中共领导人关于"大计划、小自由"的设想。从20世纪五六十年代之交开始,政府部门逐步加强对三类物资的行政管理、协调和规划,但在政治运动波及下,这种努力并不成功。三类物资的业务经营,依然存在一定的"小自由",但在其流转过程中的两种主要渠道即三类物资交流会和农村集市在内容、形态和机制上迥然不同。以三类物资为视角,可以窥见中国计划经济运作中"小自由"的基本特质。

Arbitrary Rectilinear Block Packing Based on Less Flexibility First Principles

The definition and formula of flexibility of arbitrary rectilinear blocks are introduced and LFF principles are extended to handle arbitrary rectilinear blocks and blocks with relative constraints.The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Evaluation of Antitumor,Immunomodulatory and Free Radical Scavenging Effects of A New Herbal Prescription Seaweed Complex Preparation

Seaweed Complex Preparation （SCP） is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation which is composed of seven traditional Chinese herbs, and it has been used for treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive cancer. However, little infor- mation is available about the pharmacodynamic basis. The antitumor, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of SCP were evaluated in this study. Transplanted tumor in vivo method was used to determine the antitumor effect. The effects on spleno- cyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice were measured by the MTT method and the phagocytizing cock red blood cell （CRBC） method respectively. The scavenging activities of SCP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated. It was found that the medium-dose and high-dose of SCP could significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatic tumor of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line H22, and promote proliferation of splenocytes and phagocytosis of macrophages. SCP possessed noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. The antiturnor effects of SCP might be achieved by im- proving immune system and scavenging free radicals, which is in accordance with the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors for cancer treatment.

The Confusion between Freedom and Fetter： Reading The Story of an Hour from New Criticism Perspective

The interpretation of The Story of an Hour has been a heated topic in literature study. Many people believeitcriticizes the oppressionon female from male society. However, this paper holds that, from the perspective of New Criticism, a work should be interpreted based on the text.Therefore,thispapersuggests the story is about the confusion between freedom and fetter and deals with the subtle and complicated living status of human being.

Transport phenomena and keyhole evolution process in laser welding of stainless steel

Knowledge of transport phenomena and keyhole evolution is important for controlling laser welding process. However, it is still not well understood by far due to the complex phenomena occurring in a wide temperature range. A transient 3D model including heat transfer, fluid flow and tracking of free surface is built in this study. The transport phenomena are investigated by calculating the temperature and velocity fields. The 3D dynamic keyhole evolution process is revealed through tracking free surface using volume-of-fluid method. The results show that the keyhole deepening speed decreases with laser welding process before the quasi-steady state is reached. The plasma can greatly affect the keyhole depth through absorbing a great amount of laser energy and thus lowering the recoil pressure. Moreover, the relationship between keyhole depth and weld penetration is also discussed. This paper can help to better understand the dynamics in molten pool and then improve laser welding process.

The Protective Role of Succinic Acid on the NF kB Signaling Pathway of Mouse Fibroblast Cells under the Influence of Chromium Oxide and Sodium Arsenite

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy approaches have been in the focus of attention in the treatment of different cancer diseases where oxidative stress has been implicated. Succinic acid has been previously reported to possess radical scavenger, iron chelating and anti-inflammatory properties in the mouse fibroblast. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential therapeutic effects of succinic acid and possible signal pathway involved in the mouse fibroblast. We demonstrated highly potent antioxidant-radical scavenging activities of succinic acid.

Imagination as a Means of Accounting for the Alternation Between Imprisonment and Freedom in James Welch＇s Novel： The Heart Song of Charging Elk

My paper analyzes the issue of the alternation between two complementary concepts which can be analyzed in the novel The Heart Song of Charging Elk： imprisonment and freedom. In order to achieve this goal, I have used several critical theories of authors such as： Michel Foucault, Carl Jung, and Pierre Bourdieu. The analysis is concerned with exploring the alternation between the themes of freedom and imprisonment and the way in which these issues influence the evolution of the main character. I argue that the two themes are in a relation of interdependency and they can be interpreted as opposites from a rational point of view. The rational point of view, although valuable, is, however, incomplete without the exploration of the emotional and subjective factor. This factor can account for the ＂unreasonable＂ events from a broader perspective： that of the imagination. As Michel Foucault argues, power exists only in action. Power is also a rather elusive concept. In the same way, the perception of reality can be represented more accurately from a subjective point of view. More exactly, reality is constructed with every thought, emotion, and action of the individual. To sum up, I argue that, from a sociological point of view, the main character is striving to assimilate his personality in a new and hostile cultural environment. On the other hand, from a psychological point of view, he is confronting his inner shadow, as Carl Jung defines the hidden part of the personality. This has a result of the emergence of a genuine sense of self. As the critic Pierre Bourdieu argues, there are a set of common characteristics of taste which define the social belonging of an individual. In the analyzed novel the character manages to adapt to the new situation and to overcome the obstacles that he finds on his way.

Updating Methods for Real Time Flood Forecasting： A Comparison through Senegal River Basin Upstream Bakel

Heavy floods occur frequently in the Senegal River Basin, causing catastrophic flooding downstream the river rating station of Bakel. Anticipating the occurrence of such phenomena is the only way to reduce the resulting damages. Flood forecasting is a necessity. Flood forecasting plays also an important role in the implementation of flood management scenarios and in the protection of hydro electric structures. Many methods are applied. The most complete are based on the conservation laws of physics governing the free surface flow. These methods need a complete description of the geometry of the river and their implementation requires also huge investments. In practice the river basin can be considered as a system of inputs-outputs related by a transfer function. In this paper the authors first used a multiple linear regression model with constant parameters estimated by the ordinary least square method to simulate the propagation of the floods in the upstream part of the Senegal river basin. The authors then apply statistical and graphical criteria of goodness-of-fit to test the suitability of this model. Three procedures of parameters updating have then been added to this linear model： the Kalman filter method, the recursive least square method, and the stochastic gradient method The criteria of goodness-of-fit used above have shown that the stochastic gradient method, although more rudimentary, represents better the flood propagation in the head basin of the Senegal river upstream Bakel. This result is particularly interesting because data influenced by Manantali Dam are used.

Absorption Spectroscopy of （8,1） Band in d^3△-a^3П System of CS Radical

The CS radical was generated by discharging the mixture gas of CS2 and Helium. The Doppler limited spectra of CS were recorded in the region of 12350-12950 cm^-1 using optical heterodyne concentration modulation absorption spectroscopy. Three hundred and twenty-six lines were recorded and assigned to the d^3△-a^3П （8,1） band, in which eighty-three transitions were first observed. A set of improved molecular constants for the d^3△（v=8） and a^3П（v=1） levels were determined by a non-linear least-squares fitting of all the lines to the effective Hamiltonian.

Revisiting History Through Crime Fiction： Shiono Nanami＇s Scarlet Venice in The Renaissance Trilogy of Murder

The paper explores an ambiguous intersection between history and fiction in Scarlet Venice （Hi no Venezia, in original） （1988） by Japanese novelist and historiographer, Shiono Nanami （1937-）. As a prominent transnational writer who has worked on the Italian Renaissance and the Roman antiquity for about 40 years, Shiono fictionalizes the political culture of 16th century Venice in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean history. Based on her The Tales of the Sea Capital （1981）, historiography par excellence, the novel portrays the political maneuver of the Republic of Venice from viewpoints of diplomacy. With this thematic approach to history, the novel centers on the life and death of Alvise Gritti （1480-1534）, an illegitimate son of famed Venetian Doge, Andrea Gritti. In the metaphorical/metafictional structure of historical crime fiction, the novel unveils the austerity of Venetian polity, while contrasting it with the liberalism fostered in Sultan Suleiman＇s Ottoman court. In conclusion, the author interprets that Alvise Gritti is a victim of the political intricacy with which Venice was wrestling, implying that the republic is the metaphorical murderer. Whereas Alvise＇s death commemorates a drastic step taken by Venice for political negotiation, Shiono＇s recent writings suggest that Japan should model the rigid pragmatism in Venetian politics, along with its effective use of intelligence in diplomacy

A self-organized locator obtaining method driven by local minima

The scalability of routing architectures for large networks is one of the biggest challenges that the Internet faces today.Greedy routing,in which each node is assigned a locator used as a distance metric,recently received increased attention from researchers and is considered as a potential solution for scalable routing.In this paper,LMD—a local minimum driven method is proposed to compute the topology-based locator.To eliminate the negative effect of the " quasi" greedy property—transfer routes longer than the shortest routes,a two-stage routing strategy is introduced,which combines the greedy routing with source routing.The greedy routing path discovered and compressed in the first stage is then used by the following source-routing stage.Through extensive evaluations,based on synthetic topologies as well as on a snapshot of the real Internet AS(autonomous system)topology,it is shown that LMD guarantees 100%delivery rate on large networks with low stretch.

Entropy of Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Hole with Generalized Uncertainty Principle Revisited

We study the entropy of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes based on generalized uncertainty principle with brick-wall method by counting degrees of freedom near the horizons and obtain the entropy proportional to the surface area at the horizons without cut-off. And reveal the possible value of the minimum length.

Effects of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on free radicals in hippocampus of mice with vascular dementia

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of three different frequencies (2 Hz,80 Hz and 2 Hz/80 Hz) on the free radicals in hippocampus of vascular dementia (VD) model mice.Methods:A total of 100 Kunming mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,a 2 Hz EA group,an 80 Hz EA group and a 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group,with 20 mice in each group.The ischemia-reperfusion VD model was established by repeated blockade of bilateral common carotid arteries.Mice in EA groups began EA treatment on the 4th day after the operation.Baihui (GV 20),Dazhui (GV 14),Geshu (BL 17) and Zusanli (ST 36) were punctured and then connected to EA instrument,with different waves of 2 Hz,80 Hz or 2 Hz/80 Hz (10 min/time) applied accordingly,once a day.During the jumping stand experiment,the learning performance,memory performance and hippocampal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),malondialdehyde (MDA),changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and true choline esterase (TChE) were observed.In hippocampus,the CGRP level was determined by radioimmunoassay;the MDA level was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method;the activities of NOS and TChE were determined by spectrophotometry;the activity of SOD was determined by xanthine oxidase method.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the performances of learning and memory decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level decreased,the MDA level increased,the activities of NOS and TChE increased,and the activity of SOD decreased in the model group.Compared with the model group,the learning and memory performances of the EA groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level increased,the MDA level decreased,the NOS and TChE activities decreased,and the SOD activity increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Among EA groups,the 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group was superior to the 2 Hz EA group and the 80 Hz EA group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:EA can improve the cognitive impairment of mice with ischemia-reperfusion VD.The mechanism may be related to the improvement of cerebral blood circulation,regulation of the central neurotransmitters,fighting lipid peroxidation and promoting nerve cell repair.The therapeutic effects of EA with different frequencies were different,and the intervention effect by EA at 2 Hz/80Hz is the most significant.

The thermodynamic properties of flow-induced precursor of polyethylene

Flow-induced preordering or precursor(FIP) has been studied in a series of lightly cross-linked high-density polyethylene with a combination of extensional rheology and in situ synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) measurements. Based on the incipient strains of SAXS and WAXD signals during extension in a large temperature range, strain-temperature diagrams for flow-induced preordering and nucleation were constructed and revealed that flow-induced crystallization(FIC) undergoes two stages: melt-precursor transition(MPT) and precursor-nuclei transition(PNT). At different temperatures, FIP with different inner structures and morphologies can be induced by strain; these embryos have shape and structure that are related to those of the corresponding critical nuclei. With the strain-temperature diagrams, the thermodynamic properties of FIP are deduced, which shows that compared with the relative nuclei the FIP always has a lower bulk free energy(?H) and a much lower surface free energy(?e). In extreme cases(high temperature), the ?e of FIP can be negligible. The quantitative estimation of the thermodynamic parameters suggests the existence of variant FIPs, which plays a vital role for the subsequent progress of PNT and the whole process of FIC.