In August 1963, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the procedure for terminating the martial law in effect since the end of the War of Independence （1948） with regard to Israeli Arabs. Martial law discri...In August 1963, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the procedure for terminating the martial law in effect since the end of the War of Independence （1948） with regard to Israeli Arabs. Martial law discriminated against Israel＇s Arab minority, as opposed to the majority of Israel＇s society, as part of different issues bound up with this population＇s daily functioning. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons why Eshkol＇s doing away with the martial law stemmed was its ineffectiveness, while the other, and this makes up the core of our concern here, was his changing attitude toward the Arab minority in Israel, by contrast with that of his predecessor, David Ben Gurion The main conclusion of the paper is that even though Eshkol＇s ideas about the Arab minority were not very different from Ben Gurion＇s ideas one insisted on maintaining the military government in Israel, while the other saw this as unnecessary, and so brought it to an end. In August 1963, a few months after assuming office, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the first steps leading to the annulment of military rulet which had applied to Arabs in the State of Israel ever since the end of the War of Independence （1948）. This process was concluded some three years later. Military rule was lifted in effect on December 1, 1966. In the presentation, the author would like to look into the considerations which prompted Eshkol to take such a step, in light of the fact that his predecessor, Ben Gurion, was a staunch opponent of annulling the military regime, convinced as he was, even after the conclusion of his term in office, that the current state of affairs should remain in effect.展开更多
In November 2020,the eastern Arctic experienced an extensive extreme warm anomaly(i.e.,the second strongest case since 1979),which was followed by extreme cold conditions over East Asia in early winter.The observed Ar...In November 2020,the eastern Arctic experienced an extensive extreme warm anomaly(i.e.,the second strongest case since 1979),which was followed by extreme cold conditions over East Asia in early winter.The observed Arctic warm anomaly in November 2020 was able to extend upwards to the upper troposphere,characterized as a deep Arctic warm anomaly.In autumn 2020,substantial Arctic sea-ice loss that exceeded the record held since1979,accompanied by increased upward turbulent heat flux,was able to strongly warm the Arctic.Furthermore,there was abundant northward moisture transport into the Arctic from the North Atlantic,which was the strongest in the past four decades.This extreme moisture intrusion was able to enhance the downward longwave radiation and strongly contribute to the warm conditions in the Arctic.Further analysis indicated that the remote moisture intrusion into the Arctic was promoted by the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns,such as the wave train propagating from the midlatitude North Atlantic to the Arctic.This process may have been linked to the warmer sea surface temperature in the midlatitude North Atlantic.展开更多
文摘In August 1963, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the procedure for terminating the martial law in effect since the end of the War of Independence （1948） with regard to Israeli Arabs. Martial law discriminated against Israel＇s Arab minority, as opposed to the majority of Israel＇s society, as part of different issues bound up with this population＇s daily functioning. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons why Eshkol＇s doing away with the martial law stemmed was its ineffectiveness, while the other, and this makes up the core of our concern here, was his changing attitude toward the Arab minority in Israel, by contrast with that of his predecessor, David Ben Gurion The main conclusion of the paper is that even though Eshkol＇s ideas about the Arab minority were not very different from Ben Gurion＇s ideas one insisted on maintaining the military government in Israel, while the other saw this as unnecessary, and so brought it to an end. In August 1963, a few months after assuming office, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the first steps leading to the annulment of military rulet which had applied to Arabs in the State of Israel ever since the end of the War of Independence （1948）. This process was concluded some three years later. Military rule was lifted in effect on December 1, 1966. In the presentation, the author would like to look into the considerations which prompted Eshkol to take such a step, in light of the fact that his predecessor, Ben Gurion, was a staunch opponent of annulling the military regime, convinced as he was, even after the conclusion of his term in office, that the current state of affairs should remain in effect.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research [grant number 2020B0301030004]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42025502 and 41875118]+1 种基金the Research Council of Norway project BASIC [grant number 325440]the State Scholarship Fund of the China Scholarship Council [grant number 202109045003]
文摘In November 2020,the eastern Arctic experienced an extensive extreme warm anomaly(i.e.,the second strongest case since 1979),which was followed by extreme cold conditions over East Asia in early winter.The observed Arctic warm anomaly in November 2020 was able to extend upwards to the upper troposphere,characterized as a deep Arctic warm anomaly.In autumn 2020,substantial Arctic sea-ice loss that exceeded the record held since1979,accompanied by increased upward turbulent heat flux,was able to strongly warm the Arctic.Furthermore,there was abundant northward moisture transport into the Arctic from the North Atlantic,which was the strongest in the past four decades.This extreme moisture intrusion was able to enhance the downward longwave radiation and strongly contribute to the warm conditions in the Arctic.Further analysis indicated that the remote moisture intrusion into the Arctic was promoted by the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns,such as the wave train propagating from the midlatitude North Atlantic to the Arctic.This process may have been linked to the warmer sea surface temperature in the midlatitude North Atlantic.
