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探究如何走向深入——科学探究中的“层级分析”策略例说
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作者 庄严 郝京华 《中小学教学研究》 2005年第9期10-11,共2页
科学教学要强调“探究”的深度,这个“深”主要表现为两点:第一是学生对科学概念知识的深度理解;第二是学生对各种科学探究过程技能的娴熟运用。科学教学要迭到这个要求,必须对学习活动的设计进行智慧性的加工和改造。本文提出的“层级... 科学教学要强调“探究”的深度,这个“深”主要表现为两点:第一是学生对科学概念知识的深度理解;第二是学生对各种科学探究过程技能的娴熟运用。科学教学要迭到这个要求,必须对学习活动的设计进行智慧性的加工和改造。本文提出的“层级分析”策略,就是改造科学学习活动设计的途径,它重新解析活动的结构,从而为探究预留足够的空间,提升了探究的价值,反映了探究走向深入的要求。 展开更多
关键词 科学探究 科学教学 “层级分析” 过程技能层级 概念层级 小学
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Evaluation and optimization of secondary water supply system renovation 被引量:5
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作者 TIAN Yi-mei SI Yan-jie +1 位作者 LI Hong WU Mi-fang 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第9期1488-1494,共7页
Due to pollution in second water supply system (SWSS),nine renovation alternative plans were proposed and com-prehensive evaluations of different plan based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were presented in this... Due to pollution in second water supply system (SWSS),nine renovation alternative plans were proposed and com-prehensive evaluations of different plan based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were presented in this paper. Comparisons of advantages and disadvantages among the plans of SWSS renovations provided solid foundation for selecting the most appro-priate plan for engineering projects. In addition,a mathematical model of the optimal combination of renovation plans has been set up and software Lingo was used to solve the model. As a case study,the paper analyzed 15 buildings in Tianjin City. After simulation of the SWSS renovation system,an optimal scheme was obtained,the result of which indicates that 10 out of those 15 buildings need be renovated in priority. The renovation plans selected for each building are the ones ranked higher in the com-prehensive analysis. The analysis revealed that the optimal scheme,compared with two other randomly calculated ones,increased the percentage of service population by 19.6% and 13.6% respectively,which significantly improved social and economical benefits. 展开更多
关键词 Secondary water supply system (SWSS) Renovation plan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Hierarchical model OPTIMIZATION
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Two-level fuzzy evaluation for classification of credits 被引量:2
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作者 王琼 陈金贤 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 CSCD 2002年第3期311-314,共4页
In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AH... In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight of each index and enables examiners to visualize the decision process and obtain more reasonable evaluation values to solve some problems. An example is given at the end of this paper. 展开更多
关键词 Classification of credits Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) FUZZY
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