AIM： To define the evolution of ischemic lesions with 7T magnetic resonance imaging （7T-MRI） in an animal model of acute colonic ischemia. METHODS： Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group I u...AIM： To define the evolution of ischemic lesions with 7T magnetic resonance imaging （7T-MRI） in an animal model of acute colonic ischemia. METHODS： Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group I underwent inferior mesenteric artery （IMA） ligation followed by macroscopic observa- tions and histological analysis. In group H, 7T-MRI was performed before and after IMA ligation and followed by histological analysis. RESULTS： Morphological alterations started to develop 1 h after IMA ligation, when pale areas became evident in the splenic flexure mesentery and progressively wors-ened up to 8 h thereafter, when the mesentery was less pale, and the splenic flexure loop appeared very dark. The 7T-MRI results reflected these alterations, showing a hyperintense signal in both the intraperitoneal space and the colonic loop wall 1 h after IMA ligation; the lat- ter progressively increased to demonstrate a reduction in the colonic loop lumen at 6 h. Eight hours after IMA ligation, MRI showed a persistent colonic mural hyper- intensity associated with a reduction in peritoneal free fluid. The 7T-MRI findings were correlated with histolog- ical alterations, varying from an attenuated epithelium with glandular apex lesions at 1 h to coagulative necro- sis and loss of the surface epithelium detected 8 h after IMA ligation. CONCLUSION： MRI may be used as a substitute for invasive procedures in diagnosing and grading acute ischemic colitis, allowing for the early identification of pathological findings.展开更多
In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that ...In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that has a unique position： the instrumental rationality. The article then examines Luk^ics＇s roots of this concept and its elaboration by Adomo and Horkheimer. The second part refers to the current transformation of instrumental reason that these authors could not register. Instrumental reason changes so that it can connect several seemingly incoherent elements： postmodern non-objectivity, social and ecological normativity, and reified imperatives of capitalism. This formation is here called over-instrumental instrumental reason. In conclusion, the article deals with the question of how its non-instrumental component to exempt from its instrumental ones.展开更多
This work collects the characteristics of the family kits of students from the careers related to health in the Espoch, by identifying their knowledge and habits to determine the relationship between self-medication a...This work collects the characteristics of the family kits of students from the careers related to health in the Espoch, by identifying their knowledge and habits to determine the relationship between self-medication and the possession of medicines contained in the first-aid kit. This is related to the most outstanding frequency （48.1% bedroom） with the use of medicines in the home （48.5% when the treatment ends）. Taking into account that 63.6% do not have a kit, they stored them in inadequate places to control their stability and quality for the use they were made, being analgesics and antibiotics those commonly found during the inspection that took place in the home. This determines that storage habits are not adequate for the proper storage of medications, including having knowledge of health and the importance of proper use by students, being essential to know that medicines must be stored in fresh places and dry, to avoid damage and problems associated with its stability.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the necessity of a Geographical Observatory of Atmospheric Pollution （GEOAP） in the Greek territory. The analysis performed is mainly focused on the benefits of the futur...The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the necessity of a Geographical Observatory of Atmospheric Pollution （GEOAP） in the Greek territory. The analysis performed is mainly focused on the benefits of the future function of the GEOAP to the environmental planning of the country and it could also provide an environmental management tool for the whole region. Measuring and mapping the pollution data and at the same time performing the geographical analysis of the complexity and the characteristics of natural and human environment can be useful tool in observation, management, and planning of the environmental policy of the country.展开更多
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the r...Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam＇s coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.展开更多
This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural a...This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural and cultural diversity of the Greek landscape as well as its conservation needs are discussed. The landscape impact assessment methodology consists of the identification of environmental goals, of sensitive landscape parameters, of environmental indicators and of acceptable impact thresholds. The selection of alternative solutions as well as of mitigation measures has been studied, on the basis of relevant environmental indicators. The developed methodology may constitute a tool for the environmental management of other road programs of great scale.展开更多
Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. T...Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. The present set of experiments tested nine enculturated chimpanzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli （2000）, during which food re- wards were presented in different experimental configurations. In Experiment 1, stimulus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right comer or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a comer, with the second pair comprised of a cloth with food on the upper right comer, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experiment 1. In a second study, the experimental choices included one of two possi- ble correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containment. All nine chimpanzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experiment 3, four unique conditions were presented, combining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group performance on individual conditions was also significant. Superior performance was demonstrated by female subjects in Experiment 3, similar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chimpanzees and some tool tasks in captive chimpanzees. The present results for Experiments 2 ＆ 3 were significantly differed from those reported by Povinelli et al. （2000） for laboratory-born, peer-reared chimpanzees. One contribution towards the dramatic differences between the two study populations may be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chimpanzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturation, rich social interactions with humans and conspecifics, as well as active exploration of artifacts, materials, and other aspects of their physical environment had a significant impact on the animals＇ ability to recognize the support relationships among the stimulus choices. Overall, the present findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that our chimpanzee subjects based their responses on an understanding of functional support which represented one facet of their folk physics repertoire [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 429-440, 2011].展开更多
文摘AIM： To define the evolution of ischemic lesions with 7T magnetic resonance imaging （7T-MRI） in an animal model of acute colonic ischemia. METHODS： Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Group I underwent inferior mesenteric artery （IMA） ligation followed by macroscopic observa- tions and histological analysis. In group H, 7T-MRI was performed before and after IMA ligation and followed by histological analysis. RESULTS： Morphological alterations started to develop 1 h after IMA ligation, when pale areas became evident in the splenic flexure mesentery and progressively wors-ened up to 8 h thereafter, when the mesentery was less pale, and the splenic flexure loop appeared very dark. The 7T-MRI results reflected these alterations, showing a hyperintense signal in both the intraperitoneal space and the colonic loop wall 1 h after IMA ligation; the lat- ter progressively increased to demonstrate a reduction in the colonic loop lumen at 6 h. Eight hours after IMA ligation, MRI showed a persistent colonic mural hyper- intensity associated with a reduction in peritoneal free fluid. The 7T-MRI findings were correlated with histolog- ical alterations, varying from an attenuated epithelium with glandular apex lesions at 1 h to coagulative necro- sis and loss of the surface epithelium detected 8 h after IMA ligation. CONCLUSION： MRI may be used as a substitute for invasive procedures in diagnosing and grading acute ischemic colitis, allowing for the early identification of pathological findings.
文摘In the first part, the concept of instrumental reason is defended. Although we live in the age of pluralism, in which a tendency prevails to put all types of rationality on the same plane, there is a rationality that has a unique position： the instrumental rationality. The article then examines Luk^ics＇s roots of this concept and its elaboration by Adomo and Horkheimer. The second part refers to the current transformation of instrumental reason that these authors could not register. Instrumental reason changes so that it can connect several seemingly incoherent elements： postmodern non-objectivity, social and ecological normativity, and reified imperatives of capitalism. This formation is here called over-instrumental instrumental reason. In conclusion, the article deals with the question of how its non-instrumental component to exempt from its instrumental ones.
文摘This work collects the characteristics of the family kits of students from the careers related to health in the Espoch, by identifying their knowledge and habits to determine the relationship between self-medication and the possession of medicines contained in the first-aid kit. This is related to the most outstanding frequency （48.1% bedroom） with the use of medicines in the home （48.5% when the treatment ends）. Taking into account that 63.6% do not have a kit, they stored them in inadequate places to control their stability and quality for the use they were made, being analgesics and antibiotics those commonly found during the inspection that took place in the home. This determines that storage habits are not adequate for the proper storage of medications, including having knowledge of health and the importance of proper use by students, being essential to know that medicines must be stored in fresh places and dry, to avoid damage and problems associated with its stability.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the necessity of a Geographical Observatory of Atmospheric Pollution （GEOAP） in the Greek territory. The analysis performed is mainly focused on the benefits of the future function of the GEOAP to the environmental planning of the country and it could also provide an environmental management tool for the whole region. Measuring and mapping the pollution data and at the same time performing the geographical analysis of the complexity and the characteristics of natural and human environment can be useful tool in observation, management, and planning of the environmental policy of the country.
文摘Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam＇s coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.
文摘This paper concerns the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the construction of some major Greek motorways： the Ionia Motorway, the Peloponnese Motorway and the Athens-Lamia Motorway. In the beginning the natural and cultural diversity of the Greek landscape as well as its conservation needs are discussed. The landscape impact assessment methodology consists of the identification of environmental goals, of sensitive landscape parameters, of environmental indicators and of acceptable impact thresholds. The selection of alternative solutions as well as of mitigation measures has been studied, on the basis of relevant environmental indicators. The developed methodology may constitute a tool for the environmental management of other road programs of great scale.
文摘Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chimpanzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chimpanzees. The present set of experiments tested nine enculturated chimpanzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli （2000）, during which food re- wards were presented in different experimental configurations. In Experiment 1, stimulus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right comer or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a comer, with the second pair comprised of a cloth with food on the upper right comer, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experiment 1. In a second study, the experimental choices included one of two possi- ble correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containment. All nine chimpanzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experiment 3, four unique conditions were presented, combining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group performance on individual conditions was also significant. Superior performance was demonstrated by female subjects in Experiment 3, similar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chimpanzees and some tool tasks in captive chimpanzees. The present results for Experiments 2 ＆ 3 were significantly differed from those reported by Povinelli et al. （2000） for laboratory-born, peer-reared chimpanzees. One contribution towards the dramatic differences between the two study populations may be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chimpanzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturation, rich social interactions with humans and conspecifics, as well as active exploration of artifacts, materials, and other aspects of their physical environment had a significant impact on the animals＇ ability to recognize the support relationships among the stimulus choices. Overall, the present findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that our chimpanzee subjects based their responses on an understanding of functional support which represented one facet of their folk physics repertoire [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 429-440, 2011].
