上田万年东亚殖民语言战略的朝鲜“布局”

日本'现代语言学之父'上田万年最早从德国与法国带回了以比较语言学为主的语言学理论,并在此基础上推动了东亚语言学理论的重构。在日本政府对东亚施行殖民侵略政策的大背景下,上田万年对东亚各国语言调查和研究进行了周密的殖民语言战略'布局'。近代的朝鲜语言学研究受到其殖民语言战略'布局'的影响,衍生出了金泽庄三郎'日韩语同系论'、高桥亨'日朝语言进化论'和小仓进平《朝鲜语学史》'超级日本语系模式'等一系列影响深远的学术理论和著作。通过促进朝鲜总督府的学制改革,上田万年最终完成了对朝鲜语从学术研究到基础教育的全面殖民化的语言战略'布局'。其殖民语言战略'布局'带来了东亚语言学重大的学术'变局',为今天学者研究近代东亚语言学史提供了极其有效的学术参照模式。

论在“五位一体”总体布局中工会的定位、面临的挑战及作用

"五位一体"是党中央对中国特色社会主义事业作出的新的全局性规划,体现了党对社会主义建设规律的全新把握。工会是联系党和职工群众桥梁和纽带,代表和维护职工合法权益,同时也承担着动员和组织职工积极参加改革和建设,努力推动我国经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明各项事业不断向前发展的重要任务。新时期党和国家高度重视、相关法律法规不断出台、职工素质普遍提升及对工会的认同,都给工会发挥作用创造了机遇。但同时又面临着劳动关系日趋多样化和复杂化、劳动者利益诉求多元、思想状况日益复杂、价值取向多元和利益表达渠道不畅通等方面的挑战和压力。面对党、政府和职工对工会寄予的深切厚望,工会组织应从自身实际出发,从加强组织建设、提高工会干部整体素质、创新工会工作方式等方面找准定位,充分发挥自身优势,努力在新时期经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建中争取更大的作为。

Study on the general layout of semi-submersible offshore drilling platforms based on process flow

The general layout of 6th generation semi-submersible drilling platforms is the main factor impacting the efficiency of their drilling operations. This paper provides a compound/integrated algorithm based on process flow that is aimed at improving efficiency, while giving attention to stability and safety at the same time. The paper describes the process flow of dual drilling centers and a hierarchical division of rigs based on the different modes of transportation of various drilling support systems. The general layout-centripetal overall arrangement spatially was determined based on drilling efficiency. We derived our modules according to drilling functionality; the modules became our basic layout units. We applied different layout algorithm to mark out the upper and lower decks. That is, the upper deck was designed based on the lowest transportation cost while the lower deck＇s calculations were based on the best-fit scope. Storage configurations in columns and pontoons were also considered for the layout design. Finally the center of gravity was taken into consideration and the general layout was adjusted accordingly, to result in an optimal center of gravity. The methodology of the general layout can provide a reference for implementation of domestic designs of semi-submersible rigs.

NOVEL APPROACH TO LOCATOR LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

Proper fixture design is crucial to obtain the better product quality according to the design specification during the workpiece fabrication. Locator layout planning is one of the most important tasks in the fixture design process. However, the design of a fixture relies heavily on the designerts expertise and experience up to now. Therefore, a new approach to loeator layout determination for workpieces with arbitrary complex surfaces is pro- posed for the first time. Firstly, based on the fuzzy judgment method, the proper locating reference and locator - numbers are determined with consideration of surface type, surface area and position tolerance. Secondly, the lo- cator positions are optimized by genetic algorithm（GA）. Finally, a typical example shows that the approach is su- perior to the experiential method and can improve positioning accuracy effectively.

Aerodynamic Interpolation for Flight Vehicles with Aerodynamic Axial Asymmetry

Aim To study wind tunnel test data interpolation methods for flight vehicle with aerodynamic axial asymmetry. Methods For different body aerodynamic roll angles, proper wind tunnel test schemes were selected and trigonometric series were used for aerodynamic interpolation. Results and Conclusion A simple and effective scheme for wind tunnel test and an accurate aerodynamic interpolation method are developed with satisfactory results.

Population Distribution and Dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer mono in Dongling Mountain, Beijing

The spatial distribution and population dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Acer mono Maxim. were studied in three warm temperate deciduous forests in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Clumped distributions appeared in most seedlings (≤0.4 m), short saplings (0.4-1 m) and tall saplings (1-2 m). Random distributions appeared in adults of Q. liaotungensis in Plot 1, F. rhynchophylla in Plot 3. The LSD method was used to discern the differences of different aged population. The class distribution of Q. liaotungensis was nearly a reverse-J shape for Plot 1 and Plot 3, suggesting that the population regenerates continuously. The age-structures of F. rhynchophylla and A. mono in Plot 1 and the test results indicated that they would increase continuously. In Plot 2, the class distribution and the test results showed that all populations would not regenerate continuously.

Research on the rationality of artificial reef layout of Dashentang

By the means of technology of CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamics）, this research has studied the surrounding flow field effect of different combination of artificial reefs. In the study, four kinds of configurations are used to simulate numerically and these are ＂444＂ three columns, ＂464＂ three columns, ＂12345＂ five triangles and the ＂34543＂ five column regular hexagon .The result shows that the combination of artificial reefs of Dashentang can play a good role in regulating the reefs.

Fame:A Fast Detailed Placement Algorithm for Standard\| Cell Layout Based on Mixed Mincut and Enumeration

Rapid progress in manufacturing greatly challenges to the VLSI physical design in both speed and performance. A fast detailed placement algorithm, FAME is presented in this paper, according to these demands. It inherits the optimal positions of cells given by a global placer and exact position to each cell by local optimization. FM Mincut heuristic and local enumeration are used to optimize the total wirelength in y and x directions respectively, and a two way mixed optimizing flow is adopted to combine the two methods for a better performance. Furthermore, a better enumeration strategy is introduced to speed up the algorithm. An extension dealing with blockages in placement has also been discussed. Experimental results show that FAME runs 4 times faster than RITUAL and achieves a 5% short in total wirelength on average.

Distribution pattern of rare plants along riparian zone in Shennongjia Area

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m?00 m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200-1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection.

OPTIMIZATION FOR COMBAT CONFIGURATION OF AIR DEFENSE WEAPON SYSTEMS

At evaluating the combat effectiveness of the defense system, target′s probability to penetrate the defended area is a primary care taking index. In this paper, stochastic model to compete the probability that target penetrates the defended area along any flight path is established by the state analysis and statistical equilibrium analysis of stochastic service system theory. The simulated annealing algorithm is an enlightening random search method based on Monte Carlo recursion, and it can find global optimal solution by simulating annealing process. Combining stochastic model to compete the probability and simulated annealing algorithm, this paper establishes the method to solve problem quantitatively about combat configuration optimization of weapon systems. The calculated result shows that the perfect configuration for fire cells of the weapon is fast found by using this method, and this quantificational method for combat configuration is faster and more scientific than previous one based on principle via map fire field.

A new methodology for estimating forest NPP based on forest in-ventory data——a case study of Chinese pine forest

Accurately estimating forest net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in study of global carbon budget. A NPP model reflecting the synthetic effects of both biotic (forest stand age, A and stem volume, V) and climatic factors (mean annual actual evapotranspiration, E) was developed for Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forest by making full use of Forest Inventory Data (FID) and dynamically assessing forest productivity. The NPP of Chinese pine forest was estimated by using this model and the fourth FID (1989–1993), and the spatial pattern of NPP of Chinese pine forest was given by Geography Information System (GIS) software. The results indicated that mean NPP value, of Chinese pine forest was 7.82 t m?2·a?1 and varied at the range of 3.32–11.87 t hm?2·a?1. NPP distribution of Chinese pine forests was significantly different in different regions, higher in the south and lower in the north of China. In terms of the main distribution regions of Chinese pine, the NPPs of Chinese pine forest in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces were in middle level, with an average NPP of 7.4 t hm?2·a?1, that in the southern and the eastern parts (e.g. Shichuang Hunan, Henan, and Liaoning provinces) was higher (over 7.7 t hm?2·a?1), and that in the northern part and western part (e.g. Neimenggu and Ningxia provinces) was lower (below 5 t hm?2·a?1). This study provides an efficient way for using FID to understand the dynamics of foest NPP and evaluate its effects on global climate change. Keywords Forest NPP - Forest inventory data - Chinese pine forest - Climatic and biotic NPP model - Spatial distribution pattern CLC number S727.22 - S757.2 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30028001, 49905005), National Key Basic Research Specific Foundation (G1999043407); the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSC2-1-07).Biography: ZHAO Min (1973-), female, Ph. D. in Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Cellular manufacturing layout on adding/removing machines

In order to rapidly respond to the complex and mutational market, a new facility layout plan based on cellular manufacturing is proposed, which gives consideration to high efficiency and flexibility. The plan designs two phases of integrated cell layout, i.e., cell construction and cell system layout, on the condition of adding/removing machines. First, in view of the costs of logics and machine-relocation, the cell construction based on the alternative processing routes and intra-cell layout are integrated as a whole, which achieves cell formation, process planning and the intra-cell layout in a single step. Secondly, an approach of a continuous optimized multi-line layout for solving the cell system layout problem is proposed, which eliminates the coupling relationship from the machine-relocation and realizes an integrated design of the two phases of the cell layout. An application based on real factory data is optimally solved by the Matlab 7.0 software to validate and verify the models.

Study on Spatial Distribution Pattern of Thrip (Odentot hrips lati) on Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to reveal and analyze the spatial distribution pattern of thrip（Odentot hrips lati） on alfalfa（Medicago sativa）.[Method] Within alfalfa plantation areas,experimental plots with the sizes of 10×10,10×20,10×30,20×30,20×40,20×80,30×30,30×40,30×50,40×40,40×50,40×80 and 50×50 m2 respectively were set up in the randomly selected sampling sites of 1 m ×2 m in size.During bud-emerging period and florescence period of alfalfa in the experimental plots,the number of thrips was counted and their distribution pattern was measured using XU Ru-mei＇s method.[Result] During bud-emerging period of alfalfa,the spatial distribution of thrips assumed an elliptic shape sized of 40×30-40×40 cm2 at horizontal level and that presented an ascending-falling trend of tress density down from the top at vertical level.During the florescence period of alfalfa,it showed a homogeneous distribution or randomly distributed pattern at horizontal level and a falling trend of tress density from the top to the apex to the root at vertical level.[Conclusion] Our results provide theoretical basis for field selection of insect-resistant alfalfa varieties.

An Efficient Partitioning Method in Quadratic Placement

A method of combining the MFFC clustering and hMETIS partitioning based quadratic placement algorithm is proposed. Experimental results show that it can gain good results but consume long running time.In order to cut down the running time,an improved MFFC clustering method (IMFFC) based Q-place algorithm is proposed.Comparing with the combining clustering and partitioning based method,it is much faster but with a little increase in total wire length.

Better Initial Placement Algorithm for Large-Scale Mixed-Mode Detailed Placement

An algorithm is presented for better legal solution in detailed placement of large scale mixed macros and standard cells IC design.Due to the limitation of computing complexity,an effective and efficient initial placement is very important for detailed placement.Novelty of this algorithm lies in a better solution at initial stage by using network flow method to satisfy row capacity constraint and the thought of linear placement problem(LPP) to resolve overlaps.Moreover,divide and conquer strategy and other simplified methods are adopted to minimize complexity.Experimental results show that the algorithm can get an average of 16% wire length improvement on PAFLO in reasonable CPU time.

A New Clustering-Based Partitioning Method for VLSI Mixed-Mode Placement

An efficient partitioning algorithm for mixed-mode placement,extended-MFFC-based partitioning,is presented.It combines the bottom-up clustering and the top-down partitioning together.To do this,designers can not only cluster cells considering logic dependency but also partition them aiming at min-cut.Experimental results show that extended-MFFC-based partitioning performs well in mixed-mode placement with big pre-designed blocks.By comparison with the famous partitioning package HMETIS,this partitioning proves its remarkable function in mixed-mode placement.

Data-Path Placement Based on Regularity Extraction and Implementation

An algorithm named DPP is addressed.In it,a new model based on the concept of irregularity degree is founded to evaluate the regularity of cells.It generates the structure regularity of cells by exploiting the signal flow of circuit.Then,it converts the bit slice structure to parallel constraints to enable Q place algorithm.The design flow and the main algorithms are introduced.Finally,the satisfied experimental result of the tool compared with the Cadence placement tool SE is discussed.

A Gridless Router Based on Hierarchical PB Corner Stitching Structure

A multi layer gridless area router is reported.Based on corner stitching,this router adopts tile expansion to explore path for each net.A heuristic method that penalizes nodes deviating from the destination is devised to accelerate the algorithm.Besides,an enhanced interval tree is used to manage the intermediate data structure.In order to improve the completion rate of routing,a new gridless rip up and rerouting algorithm is proposed.The experimental results indicate that the completion rate is improved after the rip up and reroute process and the speed of this algorithm is satisfactory.

A New Clock-Driven ECO Placement Algorithm Based on Table-Lookup Delay Model

A new clock-driven ECO placement algorithm is pr es ented for standard-cell layout design based on the table-lookup delay model.It considers useful clock skew information in the placement stage.It also modifies the positions of cells locally to make better preparation for the clock routing . Experimental results show that with little influence to other circuit performa nce,the algorithm can improve permissible skew range distribution evidently.

Incremental Placement Algorithm for Timing and Routability Optimization

A new approach of incremental placement approach is described.The obtained timing information drives an efficient net-based placement technique,which dynamically adapts the net weights during successive placement steps.Several methods to combine timing optimization and congestion reducing together are proposed.Cells on critical paths are replaced according to timing and congestion constraints.Experimental results show that our approach can efficiently reduce cycle time and enhance route ability.The max path delay is reduced by 10% on an average afterincremental placement on wirelength-optimized circuits.And it achieves the same quality with a high speed up compared to timing driven detailed placement algorithm.