“Wu Xing”(五行). an epistemological literature,written on bamboo slips and Silk, is fully configurated and carefully designed. The oringin of its thought may trace back to Confucius and Zi You(子游). Its content dir...“Wu Xing”(五行). an epistemological literature,written on bamboo slips and Silk, is fully configurated and carefully designed. The oringin of its thought may trace back to Confucius and Zi You(子游). Its content directly affected the theory of Xin (,心mind) and Xing (性 nature) which appeared in late Warring States. In the course of writing the article, Zi Si’ s(子思) theory affected the part Explanation of ’Wu Xing’, and the part Commentaries on ’Wu Xing’ were finished by the students of Shi Zi (世子) no later thgn the period of Mencius (孟子). It has been spent a long period finishing the literature which is a whole system consistes of Scripture (经), Explain on Classics (说) and Commentaries on Classics (传). ’Wu Xing’ had been lost after Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), and the reason for which attributed mainly to the thought despotism.展开更多
Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a grea...Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs＇ zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors＇ aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives： to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people＇s historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions （enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance）; to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of＂enmity＂ in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.展开更多
文摘“Wu Xing”(五行). an epistemological literature,written on bamboo slips and Silk, is fully configurated and carefully designed. The oringin of its thought may trace back to Confucius and Zi You(子游). Its content directly affected the theory of Xin (,心mind) and Xing (性 nature) which appeared in late Warring States. In the course of writing the article, Zi Si’ s(子思) theory affected the part Explanation of ’Wu Xing’, and the part Commentaries on ’Wu Xing’ were finished by the students of Shi Zi (世子) no later thgn the period of Mencius (孟子). It has been spent a long period finishing the literature which is a whole system consistes of Scripture (经), Explain on Classics (说) and Commentaries on Classics (传). ’Wu Xing’ had been lost after Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), and the reason for which attributed mainly to the thought despotism.
文摘Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs＇ zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors＇ aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives： to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people＇s historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions （enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance）; to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of＂enmity＂ in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.
