中国式现代化的“并联”过程:内生挑战与破解路径

中国式现代化的“并联”特征给发展带来了一系列挑战,具体表现为:工业化与城镇化“并联”引发工业结构高级化与农业人口转移争夺资金,城镇化与农业现代化“并联”引发城市新增人口融入与农业规模化经营争夺空间,工业化与信息化叠加发展“并联”引发传统工业积累与新型工业发展争夺机遇,工业化与绿色化“并联”引发化石能源产业依赖与碳达峰碳中和目标争夺时间。改革开放以来,中国有效破解了“并联”发展带来的阶段性挑战:以融入国际大循环战略打开农业转移人口参与工业化资金缺口,以赋予农业转移人口城乡选择权留出农业规模化经营空间,以“两化”融合发展实现产业结构升级弯道超车,以资源节约环境保护政策跨越环境库兹涅茨曲线。新时代仍应以破解“并联”发展内生挑战为主要任务,包括:以新型城镇化释放超大规模市场潜力实现高水平自立自强,以服务规模化弥补土地经营规模不足缺陷实现中国特色农业现代化,以数字产业化、产业数字化破解发达国家再工业化与发展中国家同类竞争双向挤压,以新能源技术突破发展引领21世纪产业革命。

Solution for Output Coordination Equations of Several Typical Parallel Six-Dimensional Acceleration Sensing Mechanisms

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to generate the dynamic decoupling equation of the parallel six-dimensional acceleration sensing mechanism,two typical parallel six-dimensional acceleration sensing mechanisms are taken as examples.By analyzing the scale constraint relationship between the hinge points on the mass block and the hinge points on the base of the sensing mechanism,a new method for establishing the dynamic equation of the sensing mechanism is proposed.Firstly,based on the scale constraint relationship between the hinge points on the mass block and the hinge points on the base of the sensing mechanism,the expression of the branch rod length is obtained.The inherent constraint relationship between the branches is excavated and the branch coordination closed chain of the“12-6”configuration is constructed.The output coordination equation of the sensing mechanism is successfully derived.Secondly,the dynamic equations of“12-4”and“12-6”configurations are constructed by the Newton-Euler method,and the forward decoupling equations of the two configurations are solved by combining the dynamic equations and the output coordination equations.Finally,the virtual prototype experiment is carried out,and the maximum reference errors of the forward decoupling equations of the two configuration sensing mechanisms are 4.23%and 6.53%,respectively.The results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible,and meets the real-time requirements.

数学中的“并联电阻”(高一、高二、高三)

并联电路的总电阻R与分支电路的电阻R1,R2存在如下关系:两1/R1+1/R2=1/R.在数学中也有类似的关系式.1.

“并联电路中总电流与分电流关系”的物理图景

在稳恒电流情况下，并联电路干路中的电流等于各支路中的电流之和是并联电路的基本规律之一，且应用广泛。学生学习过该规律后虽然能运用自如，但绝大多数学生对其物理图景及物理意义却知之甚少，本文拟作如下探析。

基于系统理论与国家标准的事故树编制研究

事故树系统分析法是常用的事故定性、定量分析方法,但编制事故树的过程中,事故树各类事件的缺少指导性确定方式,致使事故树事件杂乱无序,甚至出现“无效组合”情况。鉴于这种情况,提出基于霍尔三维理论和5M1E的条块理论分析方法,熟悉整个系统;以《企业职工伤亡事故分类标准》(GB6441-86)总结的典型事故为事故树顶事件;基于事故树定性逻辑的“串联型”和 “并联型”事件展开方式,逐层展开事故树的顶事件的下层事件,形成一种事故树编制方法。

Kinematics and dynamics analysis of a 3-7R parallel decoupling mechanism

One kind of movable-pair analysis method is adopted to analyze the configuration of a 3-7R （revolute-pair） parallel decoupling mechanism, and the mechanism＇s characteristics are summarized. The mechanism has three orthogonal distributional branch-chains, and all movable pairs are rotational joints. The movable platform of the mechanism has x, y, z translational decoupling directions. Furthermore, in order to verify the mechanism＇s decoupling characteristics, the mechanism＇s kinematics analysis is solved, and the mechanism＇s direct/inverse kinematics model, input/output velocities and accelerations are deduced, which confirm its decoupling movement characteristics. Finally, one kind of mechanism link decomposed-integrated approach is adopted, and the mechanism＇s dynamics model is completed with the Lagrange method, which also proves its decoupling force characteristics. All of these works provide significant theory for the further study of the mechanism＇s control strategy, design, path planning etc.

DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF 2-DOF SPHERICAL PARALLEL MECHANISM

The analytical formulations of the velocity and the acceleration of a 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism are derived by the screw theory. Based on building its dynamics model by the principle of virtual work and reciprocal product of the screw, the equation of the motor moment is obtained. Through the transformation of dynamics model, the configuration space method of the dynamics equation and the corresponding coefficients are presented. Finally, the result of an example shows that the inertia moment and the gravity play a more important role than the coriolis and centrifugal moment, and the former is ten times of the latter in the magnitude. So, the latter can be neglected only when the velocity of mechanism is very slow.

A Novel High Output Resistance Current Source Based on Negative Resistance

This paper presents a novel scheme for enhancing resistance that utilizes an equivalent negative resistance. Adopting this novel scheme in the proposed current source could remarkably boost its output resistance without requiring increased power supply. Simulation with 0.6μm CMOS process models shows that the output resistance of the novel current source can reach the order of 10^9Ω with a 1.04GHz bandwidth and only 10.6ppm/℃ in the range of -40～145℃.

Vertical human-induced vibration of pedestrian bridge

The double degrees-of-freedom（DOFs）parallel model is adopted to analyze static vertical human-induced vibration with the finite element analysis（FEA）method.In the first-order symmetric vibration mode,the periods of the spring-mass model gradually decrease with the increase in K1 and K2,but they are always greater than the period of the add-on mass model.Meanwhile,the periods of the spring-mass model decrease with the decrease in m1 and m2,but they are always greater than the period of the hollow bridge model.Since the human＇s two degrees-of-freedom vibrate in the same direction as that of the bridge mid-span,the existence of human＇s rigidity leads to the reduction in the rigidity of the spring-mass model.In the second-order symmetric vibration mode,the changes of rigidity K2 and mass m2 result in the disappearance or occurrence of some vibration modes.It can be concluded that compared with the spring-mass model,the results of the add-on mass model lean to lack of safety to the structure;besides,the DOF with a smaller ratio of mass to rigidity plays the chief role in the vibration of the structure.

Simulation Study of the Workspace of the Parallel Machine Tool

A new three dimensional simulation method is introduced to study the workspace of a 6 PSS (P denotes a prismatic kinematic pair, S denotes a spherical kinematic pair) parallel machine tool. This algorithm adopts the method of numerical analysis to investigate the boundary points in a series of sections which form the surface of the workspace. That is, to study such points that have the largest polar radius on a certain section in a system of polar coordinates according to conditions of constraint. The constraint conditions considered in the article include the maximum and minimum displacements of each dieblock, the maximum and minimum angles of oscillation in each hinge. By converting the constraint inequalities into constraint equations, the largest polar radius corresponding to every constraint condition can be evaluated and the minimum one is used to decide the boundary point. This algorithm greatly simplifies the computational process and can be used to analyze any section of the workspace. It provides a theoretical basis for the structural design of such a machine tool.

Error modeling of 3-RSR parallel robot based on D-H transformation matrix

By selecting any one limb of 3-RSR parallel robot as a research object, the paper establishes a position and orienta- tion relationship matrix between the moving platform and the base by means of Denavit-Hartenberg （D-H） transformation matrix. The error mapping model is derived from original error to the error of the platform by using matrix differential method. This model contains all geometric original errors of the robot. The nonlinear implicit function relation between po- sition and orientation error of the platform and the original geometric errors is simplified as a linear explicit function rela- tion. The results provide a basis for further studying error analysis and error compensation.

5Gb/s 0.25μm CMOS Limiting Amplifier

A limiting amplifier (LA) IC implemented in TSMC standard 0.25μm CMOS technology is described.Active inductor loads and direct-coupled technology are employed to increase the gain,broaden the bandwidth,reduce the power dissipation,and keep a tolerable noise performance.Under a 3.3V supply voltage,the LA core achieves a gain of 50-dB with a power consumption below 40mW.The measured input sensitivity of the amplifier is better than 5m V _ pp .It can operate at bit rates up to 7Gb/s with an rms jitter of 0.03 UI or less.The chip area is only 0.70mm×0.70mm.According to the measurement results,this IC is expected to work at the standard bit rate levels of 2.5,3.125,and 5Gb/s.

WORKPIECE LOCATING AND POST PROCESSING SYSTEMS ON 6-DOF CNC MILLING MACHINE

A conventional non-computerized numerical control （CNC） machine is updated by mounting a six degree-of-free （DOF） parallel mechanism on it, thus obtaining a new CNC one. The structure of this CNC milling machine is introduced, and the workpiece locating system and the post processing system of the cutter location （CL） data file are analyzed. The new machine has advantages of low costs, simple structure, good rigidity, and high precision. It is easy to be transformed and used to process the workpiece with a complex surface.

DC LOOP-CURRENT DETECTING AND RESTRAINING METHODS FOR PARALLEL INVERTER SYSTEM

DC component is contained in inverter output voltage due to many reasons such as the zero-point deviation of operational amplifiers and the differences between power switching transistors′ characteristics. For the parallel inverter system without output isolation transformers, the difference of DC components of the output voltage can cause large DC loop-current among modular inverters. Aiming at this problem, this paper studies several DC loop-current detecting and restraining methods. By digital adjustment with high precision on the DC components of reference sine wave, the DC components of inverter′s output voltage can be adjusted to restrain DC loop-current. Experimental results prove that the DC loop-current detecting and restraining methods have a good performance.

Testing an improved cymbal hydrophone

Cymbal hydrophones have small volume and high sensitivity, but their reception is not stable enough, and their reception is in too narrow a frequency band. In order to overcome these inadequacies, the structure of the cymbal hydrophone was improved. The single ceramic piezoelectric element was replaced with a double one, the radius of the ceramic piezoelectric element was reduced, and a parallel circuit was added. A static analysis of this new structure was developed, and then simulations were made of both the traditional and new hydrophone structure using finite element software. Tests were then conducted in a tank. The results showed that the improved hydrophone has reception in a wider frequency band, reception performance is stable within this frequency band, and sensitivity is still high.

STIFFNESS ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN MODULE FOR PARALLEL MACHINE TOOLS BY FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

With the aid of commercial finite element analysis software package ANSYS,investigations are made on the contributions of main components to stiffness of the main module for parallel machine tools,and it is found that the frame is the main contributor.Then,influences of constraints,strut length and working ways of the main module have also been investigated.It can be concluded that when one of the main planes of the frame without linear drive unit is constrained,the largest whole stiffness can be acquired.And,the stiffness is much better when the main module is used in a vertical machine tool instead of a horizontal one.Finally,the principle of stiffness variation is summarized when the mobile platform reaches various positions within its working space and when various loads are applied.These achievements have provided critical instructions for the design of the main module for parallel machine tools.

基于软开关技术的大型发电机灭磁系统改进

传统灭磁过程中强拉灭磁开关引起的过电压及大电弧带来的危害,使得大型发电机的灭磁问题成为一个重要的研究课题。电力电子软开关技术为大型发电机灭磁提供了新的途径。以三峡电厂励磁参数为基础,设计出一种基于软开关技术的灭磁系统及其相应的控制电路,提出一种新的非线性电阻灭磁建压方式,即"并联充电,串联放电",使得灭磁过程中的冲击电压显著减小,当灭磁主回路电流降为零时拉开灭磁主开关。由理论分析和仿真可知从灭磁系统启动到非线性电阻启动时间为0.07 s,灭磁时间为0.4 s,说明了该系统快速、安全、可靠的灭磁功效。

Constitutive equations of 1060 pure aluminum based on modified double multiple nonlinear regression model

In order to study the work-ability and establish the optimum hot formation processing parameters for industrial 1060 pure aluminum, the compressive deformation behavior of pure aluminum was investigated at temperatures of 523?823 K and strain rates of 0.005?10 s?1 on a Gleeble?1500 thermo-simulation machine. The influence rule of processing parameters (strain, strain rate and temperature) on flow stress of pure aluminum was investigated. Nine analysis factors consisting of material parameters and according weights were optimized. Then, the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules, multilevel parallel rules and multilevel series &parallel rules were established. The correlation coefficients (R) are 0.992, 0.988 and 0.990, respectively, and the average absolute relative errors (AAREs) are 6.77%, 8.70% and 7.63%, respectively, which proves that the constitutive equations of multilevel series rules can predict the flow stress of pure aluminum with good correlation and precision.

A Low Noise,1.25Gb/s Front-End Amplifier for Optical Receivers

This paper presents a low noise, 1.25Gb/s and 124dBΩ front-end amplifier that is designed and fabricated in 0.25μm CMOS technology for optical communication applications. Active inductor shunt peaking technology and noise optimization are used in the design of a trans-impedance amplifier,which overcomes the problem of inadequate bandwidth caused by the large parasitical capacitor of the CMOS photodiode. Experimental results indicate that with a parasitical capacitance of 2pF,this circuit works at 1.25Gb/s. A clear eye diagram is obtained with an input optical signal of - 17dBm. With a power supply of 3.3V, the front-end amplifier consumes 122mW and provides a 660mV differential output.