Role of the Greenland Sea ice anomaly in the late-spring drought over Northwest China

Drought across Northwest China in late spring has exerted a vital effect on the local climate and agricultural production,and has been alleviated during the past decades.This study explored the influence of the preceding Arctic sea ice on the May drought in Northwest China caused by the precipitation deficit.Further analysis indicated that when the Greenland Sea ice concentration is abnormally high during February to April,the dry conditions in Northwest China tend to be alleviated.The increase of sea ice in the Greenland Sea can excite a meridional circulation,which causes sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies in the North Atlantic via the sea-air interaction,manifested as significant warm SST anomalies over the south of Greenland and the subtropical North Atlantic,but negative SST anomalies over the west of the Azores.This abnormal SST pattern maintains to May and triggers a zonal wave train from the North Atlantic through Scandinavia and Central Asia to Northwest China,leading to abnormal cyclones in Northwest China.Consequently,Northwest China experiences a more humid climate than usual.

Study of thermal decoherence of harmonic oscillators

The thermal decoherence of harmonic oscillators is investigated here.The quantum system presented here is a one-dimensional oscillator with angular frequency,which is surrounded by a thermal bath of environmental oscillators.There are various environmental oscillators with different angular frequency(below an ultraviolet cutoff).At the beginning,the quantum system is a pure state and the environmental oscillators are in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature.After a period,the system-environment interactions inspire significant decoherence of the quantum state.Such decoherence is displayed by explicit calculations of the purity and von Neumann entropy of the quantum system.It is worth noting that the decoherence could be significant even in the weak coupling and low temperature case due to the large amount of environmental degrees of freedom.Since the decoherence process is inspired between the quantum system and an ordinary thermal environment here,the thermal decoherence result is quite general.

射干止咳胶囊体内外抗甲型H1N1流感病毒作用初探

目的初步探讨射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的体内外抗病毒作用。方法通过细胞病变效应(cytopathic effect,CPE)结合MTT法考察射干止咳胶囊体外抑制甲型H1N1流感病毒活性的作用;采用小鼠滴鼻法感染甲型H1N1流感病毒为模型,观察射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的体内抗病毒作用。结果体外抗病毒试验结果显示,射干止咳胶囊对甲型H1N1流感病毒的最高抑制率为11.86%,提示在攻毒剂量为100TCID_(50)的条件下,射干止咳胶囊在体外对甲型H1N1流感病毒的抑制作用不明显。小鼠滴鼻感染5LD_(50)的甲型H1N1流感病毒,射干止咳胶囊低、中、高剂量组小鼠的死亡率分别为30%、10%、30%,死亡保护率达50%、70%、50%,平均生存天数分别为13 d、14 d、13 d,说明各给药组对攻毒小鼠具有较好的死亡保护作用。结论射干止咳胶囊体外抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的作用不显著,但射干止咳胶囊各剂量组对甲型H1N1流感病毒攻毒致小鼠死亡却具有明显的保护作用。

我国汽车产业ERP系统应用浅议

自1958年新中国第一辆“东风”轿车生产装配试车成功至今,我国汽车产业发展进入新发展阶段,随着我国新能源汽车发展的弯道超车,我国汽车产业无论从市场还是制造都有了未来发展更大的底气。本文从我国汽车产业发展的数字化背景出发,分析了我国汽车产业发展中应用ERP系统的必要性,提出我国汽车产业应用ERP系统时“干中学”需要进行调整。在此基础上,本文对我国汽车产业应用ERP系统提出重视产学研合作人才培养、持续关注ERP系统运维、重视ERP系统投入以及重视ERP系统与其他相关信息技术的融合等完善建议。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究麻干平喘制剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的作用机制

目的利用网络药理学和分子对接技术探究麻干平喘制剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的有效成分及其作用机制。方法在TCMSP、Herb数据库中查询麻干平喘制剂中各组成药物的活性成分,在GeneCards、OMIM数据库中对咳嗽变异性哮喘的疾病靶点进行搜索,筛选疾病与药物共同的靶点;使用Cytoscape软件绘制药物-活性成分-靶点-疾病网络,String数据库构建疾病-药物互作蛋白网络图;运用R语言和Perl计算机程序语言实现GO以及KEGG富集分析,并对关键靶点进行分子对接验证。结果得到药物靶点124个,疾病靶点3383个,筛选出麻干平喘制剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的有效靶点80个;由PPI分析得出作用力最强的蛋白包括AKT1、CASP3、JUN、ESR1等;有效的疗效机制可能与TNF信号通路、IL-17信号通路、Th1和Th2细胞分化、PI3K-Akt信号通路等通路有关。分子对接显示:核心化合物槲皮素、甘草查尔酮A、山柰酚、芒柄花黄素与PPARG、AKT1、JUN、CASP3、STAT3有良好的结合活性。结论麻干平喘制剂可通过多靶点、多途径发挥治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效作用,为麻干平喘制剂的临床开发以及应用提供了有力的理论依据。

基于肠道菌群探讨化裁柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗胆热脾寒型胆囊切除术后腹泻的临床研究

目的分析化裁柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗胆热脾寒型胆囊切除术后腹泻的临床疗效及对肠道菌群的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将114例胆囊切除术后腹泻胆热脾寒证患者分为中药组38例、泌特组38例、培菲康组38例,分别予化裁柴胡桂枝干姜汤、复方阿嗪米特肠溶片、双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊口服治疗,疗程为8周。对比分析治疗前后3组患者大便性状及排便频率、中医症状改善情况及治疗后肠道菌群构成、代谢情况,并记录不良反应。结果(1)3组患者大便性状及排便频率均有改善(P<0.05),泌特组、培菲康组疗效接近(P>0.05),均不及中药组(P<0.05)。(2)3组患者中医症状总积分较治疗前均显著降低(P<0.01),中药组显著优于泌特组、培菲康组(P<0.01)。(3)中药组、泌特组、培菲康组的中医证候疗效总有效率分别为91.67%、72.22%、69.44%,3组中医证候疗效总有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中药组优于泌特组、培菲康组(P<0.05)。(4)3组患者治疗后在α多样性分析方面均发生变化(P<0.05),中药组与培菲康组的Chao1、Observed features、Shannon及Simpson指数上升趋势较泌特组更显著;在β多样性分析方面,与健康对照组相比,中药组、培菲康组肠道菌群组成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),泌特组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间显著性差异方面,与健康对照组相比,中药组和培菲康组中有显著性差异的菌种较少,而泌特组较多;肠道菌群代谢通路结构差异性方面,与健康对照组相比,中药组与培菲康组代谢通路结构差异较小,泌特组差异较大。结论化裁柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗胆热脾寒型胆囊切除术后腹泻的临床疗效显著,可有效缓解症状,调节人体肠道菌群,恢复胆囊切除术后腹泻患者肠道菌群多样性,改善肠道菌群代谢通路,值得临床推广。

基于“肺与大肠相表里”理论探讨射干止咳胶囊对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染肺炎大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的基于“肺与大肠相表里”的中医理论,应用16SrDNA分析射干止咳胶囊对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染肺炎大鼠肠道菌群的影响,探讨射干止咳胶囊对大鼠MRSA肺炎的作用及机制。方法取60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,10只/组,分别为阴性对照组、模型对照组、射干止咳胶囊低、中、高剂量组和苏黄止咳胶囊组,除阴性对照组外,其余各组滴鼻感染MRSA连续5 d,造模期间同时灌胃给药,1次/d,连续14 d,阴性对照组、模型对照组给予等体积的纯水。末次给药前1 d进行粪便采集,放入-80℃保存,准备进行16SrDNA高通道测序。末次给药后1 h,对所有存活动物麻醉后进行血常规检测、肺组织病理切片。根据6组大鼠的病理报告和血常规结果,取阴性对照组、模型对照组、射干止咳胶囊低、中剂量组、苏黄止咳胶囊组各组6只大鼠粪便进行16SrDNA测序。结果通过16SrDNA测序,菌群多样性和丰富度方面,与阴性对照组比,虽然模型组有上调的趋势,但差异未有统计学意义;与模型组相比,射干止咳胶囊菌群的多样性和相对丰度有下调的趋势,并向阴性对照组接近,但是差异未有统计学意义。厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门为大鼠的优势菌门,与模型组相比,射干止咳胶囊分别上调了拟杆菌门、下调了变形菌门。通过菌群基因功能预测,与模型组相比,其中烟酸和烟酰胺代谢是射干止咳胶囊中、低剂量组共同作用的代谢通路。结论射干止咳胶囊可能通过上调了拟杆菌门、下调了变形菌门改善了MRSA肺炎大鼠的肠道内稳态,从烟酸和烟酰胺代谢通路发挥对MRSA肺炎大鼠的作用。

小海子灌区“干播湿出”棉田土壤水盐动态特征

本文通过对“干播湿出”棉田土壤水盐和浅层地下水的动态监测,明确土壤盐分的分布和积累特征,为“干播湿出”技术在南疆的推广应用提供依据。在兵团第三师图木舒克市小海子灌区,开展滴灌“干播湿出”棉田土壤盐渍化状况调查,并选取不同盐渍化程度(非盐渍化、轻度、中度、重度盐渍化)“干播湿出”棉田进行土壤水盐和地下水的动态监测。结果表明:(1)灌区“干播湿出”棉田盐渍化土壤占98.1%;其中轻度盐渍化占15.3%,中度盐渍化占40.5%,重度盐渍化占39.2%,盐土占3.1%。灌区81.6%的棉田地下水埋深小于3 m。(2)与播种前相比,轻度、中度和重度盐渍化“干播湿出”棉田收获后,0~20 cm土壤盐分分别降低38.4%、40.8%和51.1%,20~40 cm土壤盐分降低39.3%、36.4%和47.6%。非盐渍化和轻度盐渍化土壤盐分主要分布在60~80 cm土层,中度和重度盐渍化土壤盐分主要积累在20~40 cm。(3)不同深度土层(0~100 cm)的土壤含盐量均与地下水埋深存在显著的负相关关系。收获后,仅重度盐渍化棉田地下水埋深处于3 m以内。因此,棉田地下水埋深与土壤盐渍化程度密切相关,地下水埋深越浅土壤盐渍化越重;滴灌“干播湿出”显著降低盐渍化棉田耕层土壤含盐量,尤其是中度和重度盐渍化棉田。0~100 cm土壤盐分随地下水埋深的增加而降低。

柴胡桂枝干姜汤病机新解与临床应用

柴胡桂枝干姜汤出自《伤寒杂病论》,历代医家对其病机认识各有不同,导师袁红霞从原文入手,条文互参,参考《神农本草经》和《黄帝内经》等,以经解经,得出柴胡桂枝干姜汤的病机有以下两点:一是表邪仍在,邪热内陷;二是阳虚为主兼以阴伤。据此将柴胡桂枝干姜汤功效拆分为祛邪、扶阳、滋阴三部分,并根据疾病所处阶段不同予以加减应用。如欲以祛邪为主,若见表邪盛则增加柴胡、黄芩用量以解表祛邪,若见邪热内陷明显则炙甘草改生甘草以增强清热之功,同时可减少桂枝用量以达到宣通气机之用;如欲以扶阳为主,则增加干姜用量,严重时致肾阳虚损可配伍附子理中丸;若欲以滋阴为主,则减干姜用量,增加栝楼根、牡蛎用量以增强滋阴清热生津之力。附病案1则。

经典名方射干麻黄汤古代文献分析和考证

射干麻黄汤又称紫菀散,可宣肺平喘、止咳祛痰,是治疗寒饮郁肺、痰结咽喉的咳逆上气专用方,收录于2023年9月下发的《古代经典名方目录(第二批)——汉族医药》。历代医家对其进行传承和发扬,流传至今。运用文献计量法对该方的源流,药物的剂量、基原、炮制,以及方剂煎煮法等关键信息进行全面考证,建议射干麻黄汤现代用量:射干41.4 g,麻黄、生姜各55.2 g,细辛、紫菀、款冬花各41.4 g,五味子51.3 g,清半夏34.5 g,大枣21 g。上9味,加水2400 mL,先煮麻黄两遍,撇去上沫,煎至600 mL,每服200 mL,1日分3次温服。古今应用范围广泛,古以咳而上气、喉中水鸡声为主治症状,可用于治疗肺痿上气、急症喉风之呛咳而气息不平者、肺痈初起、外寒包内热嗽喘胸高等。现广泛应用于各大疾病的治疗,包括呼吸系统、心血管系统等,涉及病证广泛,其中呼吸系统疾病应用次数最多(占总系统99.36%),其中以哮喘为多(113次),其次为小儿变异性哮喘(61次)。这些疾病若中医病机属于“寒饮郁肺”,皆能运用具有温化寒饮、下气祛痰的射干麻黄汤进行治疗,效果显著。综上,射干麻黄汤临床应用广泛、疗效显著,具有开发价值。

经方枳术汤合柴胡桂枝干姜汤、五苓散治疗慢性肾功能不全水肿

慢性肾功能不全(chronic renal failure,CRF)是指各种慢性肾脏病进展引起的肾单位和肾功能不可逆地丧失,临床表现十分复杂,中医根据其临床表现将其归属于“虚劳”“水肿”“癃闭”“关格”“溺毒”等范畴。该文介绍李步满教授运用经方枳术汤合柴胡桂枝干姜汤、五苓散治疗CRF水肿的一则验案。通过对验案的分析,使广大读者深入认识CRF水肿的病证特点,结合古代各医家对方药的阐述及临床应用,系统分析CRF水肿临证处方思路,为临床治疗CRF水肿开拓思路。对于疑难病的临床治疗,李步满教授强调要谨守病机,各司其所,以扶正祛邪为治疗原则,在治疗时需注意顾护脾胃之气。

MZI/FPI Fiber Optic Dual-parameter Sensor Based on a Double Cone and Air Cavity Structure(Invited)

This paper proposes a Mach Zehnder/Fabry Perot Interferometer(MZI/FPI)fiber sensor based on Single-mode Fiber(SMF)and Hollow-core Fiber(HCF),which has high sensitivity to temperature and lateral loads.The proposed device consists of two single-mode fiber cones formed by manually controlling the fusion splicer and an air cavity formed by fusing a section of hollow-core fiber.The structure of the sensor is a double cone cascaded air cavity.At the beginning of the design,we compared the basic transmission spectra of single cone structure and double cone structure experimentally,and therefore chose to use double cone structure and air cavity cascade.Light undergoes its first reflection at the first interface between the single-mode fiber and the air cavity structure,and its second reflection at the second interface between the air cavity structure and the single-mode fiber.The two reflected light waves produced by the two reflections form FP interference,which can be used to measure lateral loads.The transmitted light is excited through the first cone,and a portion of the core mode light is excited to the cladding,while another portion of the core mode light continues to propagate in the core.The light couples at the second cone,and the cladding mode light couples back into the core,forming MZ interference with the core mode light,which can be used to measure temperature.The use of hollow-core fiber to form an air cavity has little effect on transmitted light,while avoiding the problem of crosstalk in dual parameter measurements.By designing temperature and lateral load experiments,this article verifies the sensitivity characteristics of this sensor to temperature and lateral loads.A significant redshift phenomenon was observed in the temperature experiment.A significant redshift phenomenon also occurred in the lateral load experiment.Through wavelength demodulation,the experimental results show that the wavelength sensitivity of the sensor to temperature is 56.29 pm/℃in the range of 30℃to 80℃.The wavelength sensitivity of the sensor to lateral loads is 1.123 nm/N in the range of 0~5 N.In addition,we have prepared multiple sets of fiber optic sensors with this structure and conducted repeated experiments to verify that the sensing performance of this structure of fiber optic sensors for temperature and lateral load is relatively stable.Also,the different waist diameters of cones will have a certain impact on the transmission spectrum of MZ,while the length of the air cavity will also have a certain impact on the reflection spectrum of FP.This article lists some fiber optic sensors for dual parameter measurement of temperature and lateral load.Compared with the listed sensors,the fiber optic sensor proposed in this article has better sensitivity to temperature and lateral load.And the fiber optic sensor proposed in this article has a simple manufacturing process,low production cost,and good performance,which has certain prospects in scientific research and industrial production.

基于“干中学”模式的计量经济学课程思政教学探索

文章首先从重构课程思政教学目标、丰富课程思政教学内容、创新课程思政教学方式等方面论述了基于“干中学”模式的计量经济学课程思政教学实践,然后说明了基于“干中学”模式的计量经济学课程思政教学成效,最后对基于“干中学”模式的计量经济学课程思政教学进行了反思。

Effects of a 4-week internet-delivered mindfulness-based cancer recovery program on anxiety,depression,and mindfulness among patients with breast cancer

Objective:The efficacy of monotherapy in alleviating psychological disorders like anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients is suboptimal,necessitating effective psychosocial interventions.Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to mitigate anxiety-depression symptoms and encourage beneficial behaviors.The online mindfulness based cancer recovery(MBCR)offers flexibility and guides practice across various settings,facilitating full patient engagement.This study amis to analyze the impact of a 4-week internet-delivered mindfulness-based cancer recovery program on anxiety,depression,and mindfulness among Chinese patients with breast cancer,and to evaluate the degree of satisfaction breast cancer patients experienced after participating in this program.Methods:This study utilized a two-armed,parallel,randomized controlled trial design.A total of 103 patients with breast cancer from June 2020 to January 2021 in the ward of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Changsha,Hunan Province were selected and randomly assigned to an intervention group(n=51)and a control group(n=52).The intervention group participated in an internet-delivered mindfulness-based cancer recovery program,which was delivered once a week for 4 weeks.Meanwhile,the control group received weekly group health education for 4 weeks.The outcomes of hospital anxiety and depression scale and mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale were evaluated at 3 distinct time points:Baseline(T1),postintervention(T2),and 1-month follow-up(T3).The satisfaction questionnaire of 4-week mindful cancer rehabilitation training program was used at T2 to evaluate patients’satisfaction with the intervention program.Generalized estimation equations were used to assess differences in anxiety,depression and mindfulness levels between groups before and after the intervention.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in demographic data and outcome index scores between the 2 groups at T1(all P>0.05),indicating that the 2 groups were comparable.The generalized estimating equation analyses showed that the intervention group had significantly better improvement in outcomes compared to the control group,particularly for anxiety(T2β=−1.30,95%CI−1.87 to−0.72;T3β=−2.78,95%CI−3.51 to−2.05)and depression(T2β=−1.92,95%CI−2.78 to−1.06;T3β=−2.96,95%CI−4.05 to−1.87;all P<0.001).Moreover,the mindfulness score in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T2(β=3.23,95%CI 0.73 to 5.72)and T3(β=8.06,95%CI 4.37 to 11.75;both P<0.05).In addition,patients in the intervention group were satisfied with the 4-week mindfulness-based cancer recovery intervention and teaching/learning activities used to implement the program.Conclusion:In patients with breast cancer,the 4-week internet-delivered mindfulness based cancer recovery program,as a low-threshold,short-term mental health intervention,has a positive effect on reducing anxiety and depression and improving mindfulness levels.This program holds great promise as a tool for clinical nursing practice,given the high satisfaction and applicability.

Opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer

In order to improve the detection accuracy of Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne(DASH)interferometer in harsh temperatures,an opto-mechanical-thermal integration analysis is carried out.Firstly,the correlation between the interference phase and temperature is established according to the working principle and the phase algorithm of the interferometer.Secondly,the optical mechanical thermal analysis model and thermal deformation data acquisition model are designed.The deformation data of the interference module and the imaging optical system at different temperatures are given by temperature load simulation analysis,and the phase error caused by thermal deformation is obtained by fitting.Finally,based on the wind speed error caused by thermal deformation of each component,a reasonable temperature control scheme is proposed.The results show that the interference module occupies the main cause,the temperature must be controlled within(20±0.05)℃,and the temperature control should be carried out for the temperature sensitive parts,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.8 m/s.The thermal drift between the magnification of the imaging optical system and the thermal drift of the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector should occupy the secondary cause,which should be controlled within(20±2)℃,and the wind speed error caused by the part is 3.05 m/s.In summary,the wind measurement error caused by interference module,imaging optical system,and the relative position between the imaging optical system and the detector can be controlled within 6.85 m/s.The analysis and temperature control schemes presented in this paper can provide theoretical basis for DASH interferometer engineering applications.

Heat and mass transfer of a circular porous moist object located in a triangular shaped vented cavity

Heat and mass transfer of a circular-shaped porous moist object inside a two-dimensional triangle cavity is investigated by using finite element method.The porous object is considered to be a moist food sample,located in the middle of the cavity with inlet and outlet ports with different configurations of inlet/outlet ports.Convective drying performance is numerically assessed for different values of Reynolds numbers(between 50 and 250),dry air inlet temperature(between 40 and 80℃)and different locations of the port.It is observed that changing the port locations has significant impacts on the flow recirculaitons inside the triangular chamber while convective drying performance is highly affected.The moisture content reduces with longer time and for higher Reynolds number(Re)values.Case P4 where inlet and outlet ports are in the middle of the walls provides the most effective configuration in terms of convective drying performance while the worst case is seen for P1 case where inlet and outlet are closer to the corners of the chamber.There is a 192% difference between the moisture reduction of these two cases at Re=250,T=80℃ and t=120 min.

Tar formation characteristic of integrated process of coal pyrolysis with dry reforming of low carbon alkane over Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)

Coal pyrolysis integrated with dry reforming of low-carbon alkane(CP-DRA)is an effective way to improve tar yield.Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) with a La/Zr ratio of 4 was a good catalyst for DRA to inhibit carbon deposition and obtain high tar yield in CP-DRA.In this study,the fraction distribution and component of tars from CP-DRA and coal pyrolysis in N_(2) atmosphere(CP-N_(2))were characterized by using several methods to understand the effect of DRA on coal pyrolysis.The isotope trace method was also used to discuss the role of low-carbon alkane in CP-DRA.The results showed that the tar from CP-N_(2)is mainly composed of aliphatic compounds with more C_(al),H_(al) and CH+CH_(2),and the tar from CP-DRA contains more Car,Har,and CH_(3),and has lower weight-average molecular weight and more light tar content than CP-N_(2).A small amount of C_(2)H_(6) addition in CP-DRA will raise the ratio of H_(β) and CH+CH_(2).Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)analysis shows that the tar from CP-DRA has a higher radical concentration while the corresponding char has a lower radical concentration.The isotope trace experiment showed that alkanes provide·H,·CH_(3),etc.to stabilize the radicals from coal pyrolysis and result in more alkyl aromatic compounds during CP-DRA.

Metabolic characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns of dry eye based on tear metabolomics

Objective To explore the metabolic differences between dry eye patients with Qi-Yin defi-ciency and heat stagnation in liver meridian patterns,and clarify their metabolic characteris-tics.Methods Patients with dry eye who were treated in the Ophthalmology Ward and Outpatient Department of the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine from October 1,2020,to October 30,2021 were enrolled as the research participants in the study.They were assigned to two groups based on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types:heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group and Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group.Healthy vol-unteers who underwent health check-ups in the Health Management Department were in-cluded as healthy group following the random number table method.The tears of the pa-tients and the healthy volunteer participants were tested by high-performance liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).The differential metabolites were screened out by multivariate statistical analysis,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment was performed on the differential metabolites.Finally,the association analysis of differential proteins and metabolites was conducted to verify and supplement the metabolites.Results A total of 32 dry eye patients were enrolled,including 16 cases with heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern and 16 cases with Qi-Yin deficiency pattern.Fourteen healthy volun-teers were included as healthy group.There were no significant differences in baseline char-acteristics among the three groups(P>0.05).A total of 412 biomarkers were determined in Qi-Yin deficiency pattern group,mainly including lipids,lipid-like molecules,organic acids and their derivatives,organic heterocyclic compounds,and nucleosides and their analogues.For heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern group,112 metabolites were determined,main-ly including organic acids and their derivatives,lipids,and lipid-like molecules.The KEGG enrichment results of pathways and the relative content analysis of differential markers de-monstrate that purine metabolism and caffeine metabolism pathways are common metabol-ic characteristics of all dry eyes.Among them,deoxyinosine monophosphate(dIMP)and 2-(formamido)-N1-(5-phospha-D-ribosyl)acetamidine can serve as their biomarkers.The main characteristics of Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome pattern were the significant enhancement of metabolic pathways such as lysine degradation,ovarian steroidogenesis,cholesterol metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and bile secretion(P<0.05).Dry eye associated with the heat stagnation in liver meridian pattern is mainly characterized by inhibition of the valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways(P<0.05).Conclusion Metabolomics can be used as an effective basis for TCM syndrome classification.Different patterns of dry eye syndrome exhibit typical characteristics in the types and concen-trations of metabolites,which correspond to the syndrome classification in TCM.This study initially confirms the rationality of TCM syndrome classification and provides significant ref-erence for the mechanism of dry eye and drug development.

Fabrication and Excellent Properties of Polyvinylidene fluoride/Graphene Composite Films as Thermal Interface Materials

The growing concern about thermal conductivityand electromagnetic shielding inelectronic equipment has promoted the development of interfacial film materials.In this work,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/graphene composite films with different graphene contents were fabricated by high-energy ball milling,cold isostatic pressing,scraping and coating,successively.High-energy ball milling is beneficial to the dispersion of graphene powder,while cold isostatic pressing can greatly enhance thermal conductivity and mechanical strength by reducing the voids in the film and increasing the contact area of graphene sheets.The thermal conductivity,tensile strength and electromagnetic shielding properties of the films were carefully investigated and compared.It was demonstrated that the thermal conductivity increased from 0.19 Wm-1.K-1 for pure PVDF to 103.9 W-m-1.K-1 for the composite film with PVDF:graphene=1:3.Meanwhile the electromagnetic shielding efficiency can reach 36.55 dB.The prepared PVDF/graphene composite films exhibit outstanding overall performance and have the potential for practical applications.

Regulating crystal phase of TiO_(2) to enhance catalytic activity of Ni/TiO_(2) for solar-driven dry reforming of methane

Ni/TiO_(2) catalyst is widely employed for photo-driven DRM reaction while the influence of crystal structure of TiO_(2) remains unclear.In this work,the rutile/anatase ratio in supports was successfully controlled by varying the calcination temperature of anatase-TiO_(2).Structural characterizations revealed that a distinct TiO_(x) coating on the Ni nanoparticles(NPs)was evident for Ni/TiO_(2)-700 catalyst due to strong metal-support interaction.It is observed that the TiOx overlayer gradually disappeared as the ratio of rutile/anatase increased,thereby enhancing the exposure of Ni active sites.The exposed Ni sites enhanced visible light absorption and boosted the dissociation capability of CH4,which led to the much elevated catalytic activity for Ni/TiO_(2)-950 in which rutile dominated.Therefore,the catalytic activity of solar-driven DRM reaction was significantly influenced by the rutile/anatase ratio.Ni/TiO_(2)-950,characterized by a predominant rutile phase,exhibited the highest DRM reactivity,with remarkable H_(2) and CO production rates reaching as high as 87.4 and 220.2 mmol/(g·h),respectively.These rates were approximately 257 and 130 times higher,respectively,compared to those obtained on Ni/TiO_(2)-700 with anatase.This study suggests that the optimization of crystal structure of TiO_(2) support can effectively enhance the performance of photothermal DRM reaction.