Human pressure on mountain resources poses certain threats to their natural and man-made environment. Although there are many parameters involved, one of the driving forces behind this situation is the emphasis given ...Human pressure on mountain resources poses certain threats to their natural and man-made environment. Although there are many parameters involved, one of the driving forces behind this situation is the emphasis given so far only to the market value of mountain goods and services, ignoring the true social and environmental costs of using mountain resources. Towards this direction, the use of non-market valuation techniques could prove to be beneficial. Bearing in mind the above remarks, the paper presents an application of the Contingent Valuation Method, which aims at estimating the monetary value of a mountain settlement’s vernacular architecture, namely Metsovo. For this purpose, the survey focuses on Metsovo visitors’ willingness to pay a single annual voluntary contribution to an institution that would be founded in order to undertake all necessary actions required to preserve the town’s traditional character. The results are very promising and indicate that vernacular architecture holds a significant economic value that could justify the implementation of appropriate policies towards the protection of vernacular settlements in mountain areas.展开更多
The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluat...The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluated, and the CFD results were compared with wind tunnel experiment. The effects of the water body were detected by analyzing the water vapor distribution around it. It is found that the RNG model is the most effective model in terms of accuracy and computational economy. Next, the RNG model was used to simulate four waterfront planning cases to predict the wind, thermal and moisture environment in urban areas around urban water bodies. The results indicate that the building distribution, especially the height of the frontal building, has a larger effect on the water vapor dispersion, and indicate that the column-type distribution has a better performance than the enclosed-type distribution.展开更多
Underground building with such major functions as underground traffic, commerce, culture and recreation, especially the multifunctional underground large-scale public complex, has become a significant part of the over...Underground building with such major functions as underground traffic, commerce, culture and recreation, especially the multifunctional underground large-scale public complex, has become a significant part of the overaU functional structure or even the core of a city. Therefore, the expression of the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building, as well as the integration between the building and its external environment constitute an important part in improving overall functional structure and optimizing cityscape. From the perspective of space and environment shaping, the author explores the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building and its external environment, provides several basic design patterns with further discussion.展开更多
This paper presents the quality assessment of the built environment in the social housing for seniors ＂Village of the Elderly＂, located in the central area of Silo Paulo （Brazil） and it is the case study analyzed ...This paper presents the quality assessment of the built environment in the social housing for seniors ＂Village of the Elderly＂, located in the central area of Silo Paulo （Brazil） and it is the case study analyzed here. This multi-method study aimed to evaluate the quality of the built environment through the following indicators： community public facilities in the neighborhood, accessibility, safety and quality of housing. The results showed that ＂Village of the Elderly＂ was designed to house residents with income of up to three minimum wages, however, for lack of specific technical knowledge on human aging, some problems related to accessibility and safety of residents were neglected. The research contributes to studies on the quality of the ambience of constructed space and the results can support public policies, programs and projects of social housing for the elderly.展开更多
Although serious efforts are made internationally and nationally, it is a slow process to make our physical environment accessible. In the actual design process, architects play a major role. But what kinds of knowled...Although serious efforts are made internationally and nationally, it is a slow process to make our physical environment accessible. In the actual design process, architects play a major role. But what kinds of knowledge, including research-based knowledge, do practicing architects make use of when designing accessible environments？ The answer to the question is crucially important since it affects how knowledge is distributed and how accessibility can be ensured. In order to get first-hand knowledge about the design process and the sources from which they gain knowledge, 11 qualitative interviews were conducted with architects with experience of designing for accessibility. The analysis draws on two theoretical distinctions. The first is research-based knowledge versus knowledge used by architects. The second is context-independent knowledge versus context-dependent knowledge. The practitioners found their primary support in context-dependent knowledge, whereas context-independent knowledge was criticized as being too prescriptive. Further, they tended to ask for assistance from the researcher in person rather than reading research publications. The findings challenge research in two ways--first, to produce context-dependent knowledge to structure the first step of the design process, second, to develop new ways to ensure a knowledge flow between research and practice.展开更多
文摘Human pressure on mountain resources poses certain threats to their natural and man-made environment. Although there are many parameters involved, one of the driving forces behind this situation is the emphasis given so far only to the market value of mountain goods and services, ignoring the true social and environmental costs of using mountain resources. Towards this direction, the use of non-market valuation techniques could prove to be beneficial. Bearing in mind the above remarks, the paper presents an application of the Contingent Valuation Method, which aims at estimating the monetary value of a mountain settlement’s vernacular architecture, namely Metsovo. For this purpose, the survey focuses on Metsovo visitors’ willingness to pay a single annual voluntary contribution to an institution that would be founded in order to undertake all necessary actions required to preserve the town’s traditional character. The results are very promising and indicate that vernacular architecture holds a significant economic value that could justify the implementation of appropriate policies towards the protection of vernacular settlements in mountain areas.
基金Project(51438005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluated, and the CFD results were compared with wind tunnel experiment. The effects of the water body were detected by analyzing the water vapor distribution around it. It is found that the RNG model is the most effective model in terms of accuracy and computational economy. Next, the RNG model was used to simulate four waterfront planning cases to predict the wind, thermal and moisture environment in urban areas around urban water bodies. The results indicate that the building distribution, especially the height of the frontal building, has a larger effect on the water vapor dispersion, and indicate that the column-type distribution has a better performance than the enclosed-type distribution.
文摘Underground building with such major functions as underground traffic, commerce, culture and recreation, especially the multifunctional underground large-scale public complex, has become a significant part of the overaU functional structure or even the core of a city. Therefore, the expression of the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building, as well as the integration between the building and its external environment constitute an important part in improving overall functional structure and optimizing cityscape. From the perspective of space and environment shaping, the author explores the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building and its external environment, provides several basic design patterns with further discussion.
文摘This paper presents the quality assessment of the built environment in the social housing for seniors ＂Village of the Elderly＂, located in the central area of Silo Paulo （Brazil） and it is the case study analyzed here. This multi-method study aimed to evaluate the quality of the built environment through the following indicators： community public facilities in the neighborhood, accessibility, safety and quality of housing. The results showed that ＂Village of the Elderly＂ was designed to house residents with income of up to three minimum wages, however, for lack of specific technical knowledge on human aging, some problems related to accessibility and safety of residents were neglected. The research contributes to studies on the quality of the ambience of constructed space and the results can support public policies, programs and projects of social housing for the elderly.
文摘Although serious efforts are made internationally and nationally, it is a slow process to make our physical environment accessible. In the actual design process, architects play a major role. But what kinds of knowledge, including research-based knowledge, do practicing architects make use of when designing accessible environments？ The answer to the question is crucially important since it affects how knowledge is distributed and how accessibility can be ensured. In order to get first-hand knowledge about the design process and the sources from which they gain knowledge, 11 qualitative interviews were conducted with architects with experience of designing for accessibility. The analysis draws on two theoretical distinctions. The first is research-based knowledge versus knowledge used by architects. The second is context-independent knowledge versus context-dependent knowledge. The practitioners found their primary support in context-dependent knowledge, whereas context-independent knowledge was criticized as being too prescriptive. Further, they tended to ask for assistance from the researcher in person rather than reading research publications. The findings challenge research in two ways--first, to produce context-dependent knowledge to structure the first step of the design process, second, to develop new ways to ensure a knowledge flow between research and practice.
