孔家坡《日书》释读琐议

本文对孔家坡《日书》的五处简文提出新释或补释意见。本文新释简10“作金”,并提出可能指铸钱。改释简62“司不”为“司夭”或“司文”。改释简115“卒冲前为飘”为“夹冲前为剽”,并疏释相关简文。赞同改释简369“彖口”为“豸口”,并提出两种理解。改释简371“蟲”为“虫水”,提出指水生动物。

试论《太平经》的“解除”术

"解除"术是中国古代的重要方术,在民间社会中十分流行。汉代典籍《太平经》对此多有载录。本文诠释了"解除"概念的基本内涵,指出《太平经》中"解除"所指之对象大抵可分为四种性质——解除疾病,解除灾厄或愁苦,解除生人之承负或过错,解除"重复"之厄、断绝注连死亡等;结合汉代的有关考古材料,侧重论述了《太平经》中第四种含义之语境下"解除"术的施用情况。最后,鉴于"解除"术与"建除"学说具有密切联系,本文简要介绍了《太平经》所载"建除"学说的情况。

Prosthetic modeling for femoral head based on ellipsoid fitting

A novel modeling method which can restore the shape of the femoral head with collapse induced by ischemic necrosis is proposed. First, sequential tomograms of the hip are obtained from a CT scan; secondly, an accurate and automatic method is used to extract the profile of the acetabulum; thirdly, a hybrid method is utilized to gather fiducial marks on the acetabulum; fourthly, bulky error sampling points are removed. Finally, an ellipsoid fitting method is used to fit the ellipsoid model of the femoral head. Two male sufferers with different necrosis extents are chosen as experimental subjects for contrastive simulation. Fifty cases of different ages （from 25 to 79 years old） are utilized for statistical comparisons of matching errors. The prosthetic models highly resemble the primary shape of the femoral head in health. This new method provides not only a theoretical model for accurate operation position fixing in an orthopaedics clinic, but it is also an innovative practical means for the individual manufacture of artificial femoral heads.

The Quality of Life of Gastric Cancer Patients with and without Duodenal Passage Reconstructions after Total Gastrectomy

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the Quality of Life of the patients who received a total gastrectomy with different kinds of reconstruction methods. METHODS Patients who received a total gastrectomy between May 1999 to May 2003 were followed-up via questionnaires. Fifty-nine who were alive more than 2 years with no sigh of recurrence were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups as follows： a group treated with reconstruction with a duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （gastric substitute, GS）; and a group receiving reconstruction without duodenal passage after total gastrectomy （Jejenal pouch, JP）. Follow-up feedback data of 14 items from the patients were analyzed, comparing the Quality of Life （QOL） between the 2 groups. RESULTS Six months after operation, the most common symptoms of all patients were reflux and loss of body weight, but there was no statistically significant differences in the 14 items related to the special post-operation symptoms between the 2 groups. At 12 months after the operations, there were significant differences between the 2 groups in body weight （P=0.01）, eating time （P=0.034〈0.05）, and frequency of food intake （P= 0.040〈0.05）; At 24 months after the operations, the only difference between the 2 groups was body weight gain （P=0.025〈0.05）. The JP group was better than the GS group. CONCLUSION The JP reconstruction pattern is superior to a simple GS in gain of body weight, volume of food intake and frequency of food intake, soon after the operation.

Analysis on control technology for collapsing vibration generated by building demolition blasting

The mechanism of ground vibration in building demolition blasting was investigated,taking into account the prevailing influential factors, including the building's heightof mass center, the quantity size, the structural feature, the component material quantity,the demolition method, the geological structure of the region, earthquake resistance rank,as well as the earthquake wave dissemination.The proposed method was applied efficientlyto reduce the blasting effects on the environment, which enriches the control theoriesof vibration caused by collapse in the blasting process and may provide a good referencefor the related engineering practices.

Modified frontolateral partial laryngectomy operation: combined muscle-pedicle hyoid bone and thyrohyoid membrane flap in laryngeal reconstruction

Objective: Laryngeal reconstruction is needed to preserve laryngeal function in patients who have undergone extensive vertical or frontal partial laryngectomy. However, the procedure remains a difficult challenge. Several reconstruction techniques have been described, but these techniques pose risks of complications such as laryngeal stenosis. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative course and functional outcomes of a new technique that combined a muscle-pedicle hyoid bone and a thyrohyoid flap during laryngeal reconstruction after tumor resection. Methods: Four patients underwent extensive vertical partial or frontal partial laryngectomy for cancer. After tumor resection, laryngeal reconstruction was performed using the proposed technique. Postoperative recovery time, complications, and oncologic results were evaluated. Results: The four patients were successfully treated with the proposed technique. No dyspnea, dysphagia, or death occurred during the postoperative course. Decannulation was performed after a median of 3 days. The average postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. Short-term postoperative functional recovery was normal. No laryngeal stenosis or tumor recurrence was observed in any of the four patients after a follow-up period of more than 24 months. Conclusion: The combination of the muscle-pedicle hyoid bone and the thyrohyoid flap is a reliable procedure for laryngeal reconstruction after extensive vertical partial or frontal partial laryngectomy.

Reprocessing of Buildings＇ Demolition Waste and Utilization for the Manufacturing of New Products

Concrete is multicomponent composite material, consisting of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement and water. Natural aggregates, as well as aggregates obtained after the reprocessing of buildings＇ demolition waste, can be used as coarse and fine aggregates. Characteristics of the hardened concrete depend on the raw materials, used for the preparation of concrete mixture, and their characteristics. The objective of the research is to analyse the sources of demolition waste, to describe the reprocessing technology of concrete waste, to investigate the production of the aggregate from the concrete waste, to analyse the main properties of these aggregates -- particles＇ density, bulk density, granulometric composition, hollowness and other properties, as well as to compare the obtained results with the requirements applicable to the aggregates based on natural materials.

Reconstruction of laryngeal function in subtotal laryngectomy with preservation of monoarytenoid cartilage

Objective: To evaluate subtotal laryngectomy with preservation of monoarytenoid cartilage to re-construct laryngeal function in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer. Methods: We retrospectively re-viewed 48 patients with advanced laryngeal cancer (T3 or T4 on the primary site) treated by subtotal laryngec-tomy with preservation of monoarytenoid cartilage to reconstruct laryngeal function. Eighteen of them under-went neck dissection. Ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve was preserved during this surgery. The cricoid cartilage was anastomosed to hypopharynx accordingly. Results: The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 81.25% (39/45) and 66% 67% (32/48), respectively. All patients had good phonation and swallowing function after surgery. Decannulation rate was 93. 75%. Conclusion: Subtotal laryngectomy with preserva-tion of monoarytenoid cartilage is satisfactory for treatment of elected advanced laryngeal cancers. The effect of this surgery is more satisfactory than that of the near-total laryngectomy (Pearson''s technic).

Identification of expressed genes in regenerating rat liver in 0-4-8-12 h short interval successive partial hepatectomy

AIM: To identify the genes differentially expressed in the regenerating rat liver of 0-4-8-12 h short interval successive partial hepatectomy (SISPH) and to analyze their expression profiles.METHODS: Five hundred and fifty-one elements screened from subtractive cDNA libraries were made into a cDNA microarray (cDNA chip). Extensive gene expression analysis following 0-4-8-12 h SISPH was conducted by microarray.RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-three elements were selected, which were either up- or down-regulated more than 2-fold at one or more time points after SISPH. Cluster analysis and generalization analysis showed that there were five distinct temporal patterns of gene expression.Eighty-six genes were unreported, associated with liver regeneration (LR).CONCLUSION: Microarray analysis shows that the down regulated genes are much more than the up-regulated ones in SISPH; the numbers of genes expressed consistently are fewer than that expressed immediately; the genes expressed in high abundance are much fewer than that increased 2-5-fold. The comparison of SISPH with partial hepatectomy (PH) shows that the expression trends of most genes in SISPH and in PH are similar,but the expression of 43 genes is specifically altered in SISPH.

Surgical Resection of Sternal Tumors and Reconstruction with Titanium Mesh

Objective To evaluate the use of titanium mesh reconstruction after sternal tumor resection. Methods From January 2007 to January 2011, 14 patients with sternal tumors were admitted into Peking Union Medical Hospital. The clinical characteristics, surgical resection, and technique of reconstruction were reviewed. Results Of the 14 patients, 3 had a metastatic sternal tumor, the primary sites of which were as follows: hepatic carcinoma in one case (metastasis 19 years after operation), breast carcinoma in another case (metastasis 5 years after operation), and renal carcinoma in the other case (found simultaneously). Two patients showed local involvement of the sternum: 1 had thymic carcinoma, and the other had myofibrosarcoma. The remaining 9 patients had primary tumors: 4 were osteochondroma, 3 chondrosarcoma, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 non-Hodgekin's lymphoma. En bloc resection of the sternal tumor was performed in all the 14 patients. The defect was repaired with the titanium mesh adjusted to the shape of the defect and fixed with the stainless steel wire. Eleven patients were followed up for a period from 2 months to 4 years, during which no translocation or broken of the titanium mesh was observed. Conclusions Radical en bloc excision remains the treatment of choice for sternal tumors. Sternum defect reconstruction using titanium mesh as a rigid replacement proves appropriate and effective.

Performance and Modeling of an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB) Reactor for Treating High Salinity Wastewater from Heavy Oil Production

In this study,an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor was applied to treat the high salinity wastewater from heavy oil production process.At a HRT of ≥24 h,the COD removal reached as high as 65.08% at an influent COD ranging from 350mg/L to 640mg/L.An average of 74.33% oil reduction was also achieved in the UASB reactor at an initial oil concentration between 112mg/L and 205mg/L.These results indicated that this heavy oil production related wastewater could be degraded efficiently in the UASB reactor.Granular sludge was formed in this reactor.In addition,two models,built on the back propagation neural network(BPNN) theory and linear regression techniques were developed for the simulation of the UASB system performance in the oily wastewater biodegradation.The average error of COD and oil removal was-0.65% and 0.84%,respectively.The results indicated that the models built on the BPNN theory were wellfitted to the detected data,and were able to simulate and predict the removal of COD and oil by the UASB reactor.

Where are demolition wastes going:reflection and analysis of the February 6,2023 earthquake disaster in Turkey

On 6 February 2023 at 09.17 BST,an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck the southern border of Turkey near Syria,causing massive casualties and building damage.Badly damaged buildings need to be demolished,bringing a large amount of demolition waste,which,if not properly disposed of,can be a burden on the environment.In this study,damage to buildings in the quake-hit areas of Turkey is investigated,including reinforced structures and masonry structures.Based on this,the amount of demolition waste produced and the proportion of waste components are estimated roughly.Ultimately,the paper puts forward the strategy of recycling demolition waste after the earthquake and the application scenario planning of recycled products.Conclusively,the amount of demolition waste generated after the earthquake ranges from 450 to 920 million tons,providing new ideas for post-disaster reconstruction work.Besides,post-disaster waste management,safe demolition and environmentally friendly disposal and recycling technologies for demolition and construction wastes will bring good economic and environmental benefits,help the reconstruction of disaster areas,and provide a model for the resource utilization of construction and demolition waste worldwide.

A Two-Step Outlier Removal Procedure for Surface Reconstruction

Outliers in point clouds affect the performance of surface reconstruction directly. Most of outlier removal methods just remove those outliers far away from the real surface and are only applied to handle watertight surface. In this paper, a two-step outlier removal procedure is proposed to filter the point clouds acquired from the gray code and line-shifting technique. The first step is to remove the outliers far away from the real surface. Some feature points are extracted from the point clouds to construct an initial surface. The points with distances to the initial surface greater than a given threshold are removed as distant outliers. The retained points are linked into lines in each structured light sheet using their Voronoi diagrams. Some of lines which are very close to the real surface are removed as near outliers in the second step. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very effective in removing outliers for surface reconstruction.