苏州地区乡土民居“开启”要素的气候适应性浅析

文章以建筑"开启"(opening)要素为切入点,以苏州地区原生的乡土民居为依托,对乡土民居中的"开启"要素在长期适应气候与自然的过程中所形成的应变模式,及其调节微气候环境的被动式策略进行较为全面的解读,并借助生物气候学的研究方法,将各气候因素分解,研究"开启"所特有的地域性气候应变模式、技术策略及现实价值。

回应气候的建筑“开启”范式研究--以太湖流域乡土建筑营造体系为例

建筑范式是一定地域内普遍稳定的建造行为和地方智识的认同模型。文章以建筑“开启”作为与地方环境的对话模式,从原型回溯到范式建构,探索太湖流域乡土建筑营造体系适应气候风土、反映传统营造智慧的因应机制,揭示建筑“开启”既是适应气候环境层序承接、梯度、交互、调节的技术范式,同时也是映射地方意识、行为模式与经验认知的文化范式。由此冀望从建筑“开启”的气候原型、适宜技术与地方经验三个维度为探索在地营造提供一种根植本土的地方范式及策略践行。

大班科学探索活动:开启小坚果

一、活动总目标在观察与操作中发现坚果外壳很硬,很难打开,会寻找开小坚果的各种方法,并领悟其中的科学道理;学会探索,学会思考,大胆想像尝试解决问题,提高动脑动手能力;培养合作意识,学会合作方法。

Mechanical properties of epoxy asphalt mixture pavement with lightweight aggregate applied on bascule bridge

The high temperature anti-rutting performance,water stability and low temperature bending property of epoxy asphalt mixture with 0%,15%,25%,40%,and 70% granulated and circular lightweight aggregates by weight are tested,respectively.The dynamic responses under the vehicle load and in the opening process are analyzed to obtain the mechanical responses of pavements by using the finite element method.The complicated structure including a steel deck and a waterproof adhesive layer is made to verify the bond strength of the 2451-type epoxy asphalt binder.Research results show that the epoxy asphalt mixtures with lightweight aggregate replacement percentages from 0% to 70% all satisfy the requirements for steel bridge pavements.The epoxy asphalt mixture with a 70% circular lightweight aggregate replacement percentage is recommended because of its smaller density when compared with other epoxy asphalt mixtures.The shear stress increases with the increase in the opening angle and achieves its maximum at the maximum opening angle of 85°.Test results show that the Tianjin Bascule Bridge can be used for first opening after a 3 d pavement conditioning.

Optimization and Application of SRAM in 90nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents an optimized SRAM that is repairable and dissipates less power. To improve the yield of SRAMs per wafer,redundancy logic and an E-FUSE box are added to the SRAM and an SR SRAM is set up. In order to reduce power dissipation,power on/off states and isolation logic are introduced into the SR SRAM and an LPSR SRAM is constructed. The optimized LPSR SRAM64K × 32 is used in SoC and the testing method of the LPSR SRAM64K × 32 is also discussed. The SoC design is successfully implemented in the Chartered 90nm CMOS process. The SoC chip occupies 5. 6mm× 5. 6ram of die area and the power dissipation is 1997mW. The test results indicate that LPSR SRAM64K ×32 obtains 17. 301% power savings and the yield of the LPSR SRAM64K × 32s per wafer is improved by 13. 255%.

Enhanced Field Emission from Printed Carbon Nanotubes by Hard Hairbrush

A method, the morphology of screen printed carbon nanotube pastes is modified using a hard hairbrush, is presented. In this way, the organic matrix material is preferentially removed. Compared to those untreated films, the turn-on electric field of the treated film decreases from 2.2V/μm to 1.6V/μm, while the total emission current of the treated increases from 0.6mA/cm2 to 3mA/cm2, and uniform emission site density image has also been observed.

Functional principle of the synergistic effect of co-loaded Co-Pi and FeOOH on Fe2O3 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

The establishment of multi-component catalytic systems on Fe2O3 photoanodes presents considerable potential for significantly enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting systems. In this study, we hydrothermally synthesized a Fe2O3 photoanode. In addition, d-Fe OOH synthesized via dip-coating and hydrothermally prepared h-FeOOH were used as cocatalysts and their synergistic combinations with cobalt phosphate(Co-Pi) were investigated. The synergy between h-FeOOH and Co-Pi was remarkable, whereas that between d-Fe OOH and Co-Pi was negligible. For example, the onset potentials of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH and Co-Pi/d-FeOOH dual catalysts, were cathodically shifted by 270 and 170 m V, respectively. Moreover, the photocurrent density of the Co-Pi/h-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode was significantly higher than that of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 one. The synergistic effect of Co-Pi and h-FeOOH could be attributed to the significantly inhibited recombination of surface charges owing to the formation of a p-n junction between β-FeOOH and Fe2O3 and the large contact area between the granular h-FeOOH and Co-Pi. However, the thin amorphous FeOOH layer of the Co-Pi/d-FeOOH/Fe2O3 anode acted as a hole-transfer medium, and weakly promoted the kinetics of the charge transfer process.

“网站建设研讨会”在京举行

中国人民大学信息资源管理学院主办的“开启服务新窗口——中国档案网站建设研讨会”2007年12月1日在北京举行。 冯惠玲副校长说，开展测评的目的是为了推动我国档案网站的建设，档案网站建设是整合档案信息资源、加快档案信息化建设的重要手段，是数字档案馆的重要窗口，

以探索活动为主线,培养学生创新思维能力——优化“启导创新”教学模式之一

现代教学理论认为,课堂教学不单是传授知识,更重要的是培养学生的创新能力。作为教师应从讲解为主向启发诱导转变,从教师说了算向师生平等民主研讨转变,要精心设计各种活动方案激发学生的求知欲,启发引导学生去"发现"、"探索",或者"分析解决问题",尽可能地让学生尝试体验知识的形成发生过程,

Energy Efficient Switch Policy for Small Cells

Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.

eBay平台吹响中国汽配品牌集结号，汽配出海前景广阔

2019年12月3日,第十五届法兰克福上海国际汽车零配件、维修检测诊断设备及汽车用品展览会在上海国家会展中心盛大开幕,此次展会吸引了来自18个国家和地区的超过6000家参展企业,汇聚了大量汽配龙头企业和品牌。作为唯一参展的跨境出口电商平台,eBay召集优质卖家开启“灯塔计划”观展采购活动,不仅有来自中国的卖家,更有来自泰国、马来西亚的国外卖家加入eBay“灯塔计划”国际采购团。

Perovskite QLED with an external quantum efficiency of over 21%by modulating electronic transport

Perovskite quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)are highly promising for future solid-state lightings and high-definition displays due to their excellent color purity.However,their device performance is easily affected by charge accumulation induced luminescence quenching due to imbalanced charge injection in the devices.Here we report green perovskite QLEDs with simultaneously improved efficiency and operational lifetime through balancing the charge injection with the employment of a bilayered electron transport structure.The charge-balanced QLEDs exhibit a color-saturated green emission with a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 18 nm and a peak at 520 nm,a low turn-on voltage of2.0 V and a champion external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 21.63%,representing one of the most efficient perovskite QLEDs so far.In addition,the devices with modulated charge balance demonstrate a nearly 20-fold improvement in the operational lifetime compared to the control device.Our results demonstrate the great potential of further improving the device performance of perovskite QLEDs toward practical applications in lightings and displays via rational device engineering.

Uniform arrays of carbon nanotubes applied in the field emission devices

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were grown into anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)channels by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)using C2H2/N2mixtures as feeding gas,which can be used as field emitters.The bottom surface of AAO template was etched slightly and the tips of CNTs were explored as the field emission arrays which were uniform and vertical.Field emission characterization showed a low turn-on field about 3.25 V/m and high emission current about 30 mA/cm2with the electric field about 4 V/m.These superior field emission characteristics could be attributed to low density of vertical CNTs and higher conductivity of the substrate.

Experimental Study on a Centrifugal Pump with an Open Impeller during Startup Period

Transient performance of fluid machinery during transient operating periods, such as startup and stopping, has been drawn more attentions recently due to the growing engineering needs. In this paper, the transient behavior of a prototype centrifugal pump with an open impeller during rapid startup period is studied experimentally. The variations of the rotational speed, flow rate, head, and shaft power during rapid startup period are recorded in ex- periments at different discharge valve openings. In addition, the non-dimensional flow rate and head are also used to analyze the transient behavior. The research result shows that the rise characteristic of the rotational speed is not basically changed by working points, while mainly depends on the startnp characteristics of the driving motor. Compared with the rapid rise of the rotational speed, the flow rate rises slowly in the initial stage of startup. Moreover, the flow rate lags behind the rotational speed to rise to final stable value, and the delay becomes more severe with the increase of the discharge valve opening. The shaft power impact phenomenon generally exists in the process of startup. The non-dimensional analysis shows that the non-dimensional head is very high at the very beginning of startup, and quickly falls to the minimum, then gradually rises to final stable value, while the non-dimensional flow rate always shows the rise tendency during whole startup period. In conclusion, it is found from the non-dimensional results that the quasi-steady analysis is unable to accurately assess the transient flow during startup period.

Effect of Al:Ag alloy cathode on the performance of transparent organic light-emitting devices

Transparent organic light-emitting devices(TOLEDs) based on a stacked alloy cathode of LiF/Al:Ag are investigated. The devices have a structure of indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/4,4′,4′′-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine(2T-NATA)(25 nm)/N,N'-Di-[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(NPB)(40 nm)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(Al_(q_3))(50 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al:Ag(1:3)(x), where the thicknesses of cathode metal layers(Al:Ag) are adjusted, respectively, from 70 nm to 100 nm. In the experiment, it is found that the Li F(1 nm)/Al:Ag(1:3)(75 nm) has good electron injection efficiency. Compared with an Al-only cathode, the turn-on voltage is lowered. At the voltage of 10 V, the luminances for bottom emission from ITO anode side and top emission from metal cathode side are 2 459 cd/m^2 and 1 729 cd/m^2, respectively. Thanks to electron injection enhancement by using Al:Ag cathode, we can obtain a better energy level matching between the cathode and the organic layer, thus the devices have lower turn-on voltage and higher luminance. The total transmittance of the devices can achieve about 40% at the wavelength of 550 nm.

EXPLORATION/EXPLOITATION TRADEOFF WITH CELL-SHIFT AND HEURISTIC CROSSOVER FOR EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS

In order to tradeoff exploration/exploitation and inspired by cell genetic algorithm a cellshift crossover operator for evolutionary algorithm （EA） is proposed in this paper. The definition domain is divided into n-dimension cubic sub-domains （cell） and each individual locates at an ndimensional cube. Cell-shift crossover first exchanges the cell numbers of the crossover pair if they are in the different cells （exploration） and subsequently shift the first individual from its initial place to the other individual＇s cell place. If they are already in the same cell heuristic crossover （exploitation） is used. Cell-shift/heuristic crossover adaptively executes exploration/exploitation search with the vary of genetic diversity. The cell-shift EA has excellent performance in terms of efficiency and efficacy on ten usually used optimization benchmarks when comparing with the recent well-known FEP evolutionary algorithm.