口头叙事中的“异界”与“边界”——以卫拉特蒙古族“异类婚恋故事”为中心

文章以“异类婚恋故事”为案例,运用“陌生人”理论对文本进行分析,探讨卫拉特蒙古族民间故事中被想象的“异界”与“边界”问题。“陌生人”在异界有王宫、妻儿、牲畜等与人类社会相似的生活空间、语言能力,但其相貌却与人类相异。他们拥有护家的动物、家畜、攻击家畜的动物等,反映了游牧民族的日常生活细节和精神世界。人类社会与异界的交叉地带有与传统村落社会类似的海边、湖边、山洞等不可移动的场域;也有不固定的祭祀场所、王宫等,具有游牧社会的可移动性特征。“异类婚恋故事”呈现的世界观映射了人类与大自然之间相互包容的依存关系。

Response mechanism for widened pavement structure subjected to ground differential settlement

By the use of a large-scale ground differential settlement simulator, a full-size model test is performed to study the strain response and the deformation behavior of both the wearing course of asphalt cement and the base course of cement-stabilized gravel. Moreover, with the differential settlement at the bottom of the pavement structure as the constraint condition, a plane finite element model is established, which is used to study the stress variation of different pavement layers in response to the differential settlement of varying magnitudes. It shows that, under the effects of the ground differential settlement, the wearing course is subjected to the tensile stress while the base course to the compressive stress and the maximum additional tensile stress and compressive stress occur in the area of 1 m from the splicing joint between the new and the old subgrade. Plastic deformation develops in both layers when the ground differential settlement reaches 14 cm. When the differential settlement at the bottom of the pavement goes up to 1 cm, the maximum additional stress in the surface of the base course will reach 0. 28 MPa, which surpasses 0.276 MPa that is specified in the current specifications as the maximum splitting tensile strength for cement-stabilized base material.

Phase field model for strong interfacial energy anisotropy of HCP materials

Based on the Karma model and the Eggleston regularization technique of the strong interfacial energy anisotropy, a phase-field model was established for HCP materials. An explicit finite difference numerical method was used to solve phase field model and simulate the dendrite growth behaviors of HCP materials. Results indicate that the dendrite morphology presents obvious six-fold symmetry, and discontinuity in the variation of interface orientation occurs, resulting in a fact that the corners were formed at the tips of the main stem and side branches. When the interfacial energy anisotropy strength is lower than the critical value（1/35）, the steady-state tip velocity of dendrite increases with anisotropy as expected. As the anisotropy strength crosses the critical value, the steady-state tip velocity drops down by about 0.89%. With further increase in anisotropy strength, the steady-state tip velocity increases and reaches the maximum value at anisotropy strength of 0.04, then decreases.

Interface characteristic of friction stir welding lap joints of Ti/Al dissimilar alloys

Lap joints of TC1 Ti alloy and LF6 A1 alloy dissimilar materials were fabricated by friction stir welding and corresponding interface characteristics were investigated. Using the selected welding parameters, excellent surface appearance forms, but the interface macrograph for each lap joint cross-section is different. With the increase of welding speed or the decrease of tool rotation rate, the amount of Ti alloy particles stirred into the stir zone by the force of tool pin decreases continuously. Moreover, the failure loads of the lap joints also decrease with increasing welding speed and the largest value is achieved at welding speed of 60 mm/min and tool rotation rate of 1500 r/min, where the interracial zone can be divided into 3 kinds of layers. The microhardness of the lap joint shows an uneven distribution and the maximum hardness of HV 502 is found in the middle of the stir zone.

Al/GaSb Contact with Slow Positron Beam

Annealing study of the Al/GaSb system was performed by using a slow positron beam and the measurement of X-ray diffraction. The S parameter against positron energy data were fitted by a three layer model （Al/interface/GaSb）. It was found there was a ～5 nm interfacial at the region between the Al layer and bulk in the sample of as-deposited. After the 400 ℃ annealing, this interfacial region extends to over 40 nm and S parameter dramatically drops. This is possibly due to a new phase formation induced by the atoms＇inter-diffusion at the interface. The annealing out of the open volume defects in the Al layer was revealed by the decrease of the S parameter and the increase of the effective diffusion length of the Al layer. Annealing behaviors of Sb and Lb of the GaSb bulk showed the annealing out of positron traps at 250 ℃. However,further annealing at 400 ℃ induces formation of positron traps, which are possibly another kind of VGarelated defect and the positron shallow trap GaSb anti-site. The results of the X-ray diffraction experiment verified the conclusion of obtained by using positron technology.

Normalized edge detection, and the horizontal extent and depth of geophysical anomalies

Edge detection is an image processing technique for finding the boundaries of objects within images. It is typically used to interpret gravity and magnetic data, and find the horizontal boundaries of geological bodies. Large deviations between model and true edges are common because of the interference of depth and errors in computing the derivatives; thus, edge detection methods cannot provide information about the depth of the source. To simultaneously obtain the horizontal extent and depth of geophysical anomalies, we use normalized edge detection filters, which normalize the edge detection function at different depths, and the maxima that correspond to the location of the source. The errors between model and actual edges are minimized as the depth of the source decreases and the normalized edge detection method recognizes the extent of the source based on the maxima, allowing for reliable model results. We demonstrate the applicability of the normalized edge detection filters in defining the horizontal extent and depth using synthetic and actual aeromagnetic data.

Ultrahigh photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of coupled 1D CdS/1T-phase dominated 2D WS_(2) nanoheterojunctions

Solar-powered photocatalytic hydrogen production from water using semiconductors provides an eco-friendly and promising approach for converting solar energy into hydrogen fuel.Bulk semiconductors generally suffer from certain limitations,such as poor visible-light utilization,rapid recombination of charge carriers,and low catalytic capability.The key challenge is to develop visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts that are stable and highly active during the water splitting process.Here,we demonstrate the integration of one-dimensional(1D)Cd S nanorods with two-dimensional(2D)1 T-phase dominated WS_(2) nanosheets for constructing mixed-dimensional heterojunctions for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The resulting 1D CdS/2D WS_(2) nanoheterojunction exhibited an ultrahigh hydrogen-evolution activity of~70 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) that was visible to the naked eye,as well as long-term stability under visible light illumination.The results reveal that the synergy of hybrid nanoarchitectures and intimate interfacial contact between the 1D Cd S nanorods and 1T-phase dominated 2D WS_(2) nanosheets facilitates charge carrier transport,which is beneficial for achieving superior hydrogen evolution.

Multidimensional In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3) heterojunction with lattice distortion for CO_(2) photoconversion

Photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to sustainably product of fuels is a potential route to achieve clean energy conversion.Unfortunately,the sluggish charge transport dynamics and poor CO_(2)activation performance result in a low CO_(2)conversion efficiency.Herein,we develop a multidimensional In_(2)O_(3)/In_(2)S_(3)(IO/IS)heterojunction with abundant lattice distortion structure and high concentration of oxygen defects.The close contact interfaces between the junction of the two phases ensure undisturbed transmission of electrons with high‐speed.The increased free electron concentration promotes the adsorption and activation of CO2 on the catalyst surface,leaving the key intermediate*COOH at a lower energy barrier.The perfect combination of the band matching oxide and sulfide effectively reduces the internal energy barrier of the CO2 reduction reaction.Furthermore,the lattice distortion structure not only provides additional active sites,but also optimizes the kinetics of the reaction through microstructural regulation.Remarkably,the optimal IO/IS heterojunction exhibits superior CO_(2)reduction performance with CO evolution rate of 12.22μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),achieving about 4 times compared to that of In_(2)O_(3)and In2S3,respectively.This work emphasizes the importance of tight interfaces of heterojunction in improving the performance of CO_(2)photoreduction,and provides an effective strategy for construction of heterojunction photocatalysts.

Yielding and fracture behaviors of coarse-grain/ultrafine-grain heterogeneous-structured copper with transitional interface

Heterogeneous-structured Cu samples composed of coarse-grained(CG) and ultrafine-grained(UFG) domains with a transitional interface were fabricated by friction stir processing, in order to investigate the effect of interface constraint on the yielding and fracture behaviors. Tensile test revealed that the synergetic strengthening induced by elastic/plastic interaction between incompatible domains increases with increasing the area of constraint interface. The strain distribution near interface and the fracture morphology were characterized using digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Fracture dimples preferentially formed at the interface, possibly due to extremely high triaxial stress and strain accumulation near the interface. Surprisingly, the CG domain was fractured by pure shear instead of the expected voids growth caused by tensile stress.

Mechanical properties and friction-wear characteristics of VN/Ag multilayer coatings with heterogeneous and transition interfaces

The heterogeneous multilayer interface of VN/Ag coatings and transition multilayer interface of VN/Ag coatings were prepared on Inconel 781 and Si(100),and the microstructures,mechanical and tribological properties were investigated from 25 to 700℃.The results showed that the surface roughness and average grain size of VN/Ag coatings with transition multilayer interface are obviously larger than those of VN/Ag coatings with heterogeneous multilayer interface.The coatings with transition multilayer interface have higher adhesion force and hardness than the coatings with heterogeneous multilayer interface,and both coatings can effectively restrict the initiation and propagation of microcracks.Both coatings have excellent self-adaptive lubricating properties with a decrease of friction coefficient as the temperature increases,but their wear rates reveal a drastic increase.The phase composition of the worn area of both coatings was investigated,which indicates that a smooth Ag,Magnéli phase(V2O5)and bimetallic oxides(Ag3VO4 and AgVO3)can be responsible to the excellent lubricity of both coatings.To sum up,the coatings with transition multilayer interface have excellent adaptive lubricating properties and can properly control the diffusion rate and release rate of the lubricating phase,indicating that they have great potential in solving the problem of friction and wear of mechanical parts.

The Singularly Perturbed Problem for Nonlinear Nonlocal Reaction Diffusion Systems

The singularly perturbed initial boudary value problem for the nonlocal reaction diffusion systems was considered. Using iteration method the comparison theorem was obtained. Introducing stretched variable the formal asymptotic solution was constructed. And the existence and its asymptotic behavior of solution for the problem were studied by using the method of the upper and lower solution.

An effective CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)heterojunction photoanode:Analyzing Z-scheme charge-transfer mechanism for enhanced photoelectrochemical water-oxidation activity

Z-scheme photocatalytic system has been regarded as a popular field of research in photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.Among the many obstacles facing a Z-scheme photocatalytic system,the analysis methods of interfacial Z-scheme charge transfer still remain a significant challenge.Hence,in this study,CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)heterojunction photoanodes are elaborately designed to explore the charge-transfer behavior in PEC water splitting.In this study,photophysical measurements,including the Kelvin probe measurement,surface photovoltage spectroscopy(SPV),and transient photovoltage spectroscopy(TPV),are used to monitor the migration behavior of photogenerated charges at the interface electric field of CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)Z-scheme heterojunction photoanodes.The Kelvin probe and SPV measurements demonstrate that CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)interfacial driving force favors the rapid transfer of photoexcited electrons to CdS.The double-beam strategy based on TPV indicates that more electrons of Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)are combined with the holes of CdS owing to the intensive interface electric field.The results of these measurements successfully prove the Z-scheme migration mechanism of CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanodes.Benefiting from the desirable charge transfer at the interface electric field,CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanodes exhibit superior photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction performance compared with that of pure Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3).The photocurrent density of the 25CdS/Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode reaches 1.94 mA/cm^(2) at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode without excess cocatalyst,and it is two times higher than that of pure Ti-Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode.Therefore,an outstanding strategy is provided in this study to prove the Z-scheme charge-transfer mechanism of photocatalytic systems in PEC water splitting.

Novel boundary element method for resolving plate bending problems

This paper discusses the application of the boundary contour method fo r resolving plate bending problems. The exploitation of the integrand divergence free property of the plate bending boundary integral equation based on the Kirc hhoff hypothesis and a very useful application of Stokes' Theorem are presented to convert surface integrals on boundary elements to the computation of bending potential functions on the discretized boundary points,even for curved surface elements of arbitrary shape. Singularity and treatment of the discontinued corne r point are not needed at all. The evaluation of the physics variant at internal points is also shown in this article. Numerical results are presented for some plate bending problems and compared against analytical and previous solutions.

Stress field near an interface edge of linear hardening materials

The elastic-plastic singular stress field near an interface edge of bounded linear hardening material is substantially as same as that of bonded elastic materials whose Young' s modulus and Poisson ratio are substituted by equivalent values, respectively. Further investigation by the elasto-plastic boundary element method (BEM) on the stress field near the interface edge showed that the stress field there can be divided into three regions: the domain region of the elastic-plastic singular stress field, the transitional region and the elastic region. The domain region of the elastic-plastic singular stress becomes larger with the increasing of the linear hardening coefficient. When the linear hardening coefficient decreases to a certain value, the effective stress in most of the yield zone equals approximately the yield stress. The stress distribution in the elastic region under small-scale yielding condition was also investigated.

A Study on the Cultural Meanings of Qiang’s Traditional Dress and Adornment

Since 2008 when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred, media from different countries and regions across the world reported the earthquake so that a less well-known ethnic group of China, the Qiang ethnic minority, has attracted attention around the world. The Qiang ethnic minority could be dated back to the Shang Dynasty （ca. 1600-1046BC）. The long-standing Qiang culture is an important part of those brilliant Chinese cultures. The Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment is an integral part of the Qiang culture, appreciating unique ethnic characteristics and cultural meanings. Being against the backdrop of promoting cultural diversity nowadays, this paper makes a brief introduction to the Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment and gives an explanation of their rich unique cultural meanings so as to present the Qiang’s traditional dress and adornment to the world, facilitate their going out to the world and communication with other cultures in the world, and enrich the world’s ethnic cultures.

Is Math Still Just a Man＇s World？

Awards are important markers of success in any career, and in academia they can play an important role in hiring, promotion and tenure decisions. This study compares awards data for disciplinary societies in STEM （science, technology, engineering and mathematics） to the proportion of women in each respective field. By establishing availability pool estimates of women who should be eligible for senior scholarly awards, a comparison can be made between the proportion of female award winners and the percentage of women active in the discipline. The CBMS （conference board of mathematical sciences） survey in 2005 reported that women were 9% of all full-time tenured professors in doctoral-level mathematics departments; yet during the last decade, women received only 4.8% of scholarly awards from the AMS （American mathematical society）. Similar disparities exist for scholarly achievement awards from the MAA （mathematical association of America）, the SIAM （society for industrial and applied mathematics） and the ASA （American statistical association）. The under-recognition of women for scholarly contributions cannot be attributed solely to low numbers of women, so further explanation must be sought elsewhere. Curiously, women received more than their expected proportion of awards for service and teaching. Decades of research in the social sciences points to ＂implicit associations＂ or subconscious social stereotypes as the mechanism by which both men and women de-value women＇s intellectual accomplishments and praise their communal contributions, which may explain the gender disparity between scholarly and service awards. Gender disparities in scholarly recognition can hinder the advancement of women and limit their numbers as leaders in STEM fields. AWIS （association for women in science） is working with seven disciplinary societies （including AMS, ASA, MAA and SIAM） to identify patterns of behavior that perpetuate unconscious bias in the awards selection process and to pinpoint ways to mitigate its deleterious effects.

TLP bonding of dissimilar FSX-414/IN738 system with MBF80 interlayer: Prediction of solid/liquid interface location

Isothermal solidification process of a dissimilar transient liquid phase （TLP） bonding of FSX-414/MBF80/IN738 system was simulated by finite difference method. The TLP joint model was divided into two parts and a moving liquid /solid interface model was used for the parts. Diffusion equations were solved for each half of the joints simultaneously up to the end of isothermal solidification. The completion time of isothermal solidification, concentration profiles and position of the solid/liquid interface for each half were calculated. The intersection of the solid/liquid interfaces of two halves was considered the end of isothermal solidification. To obtain some required diffusion data, TLP bonding of FSX-414/MBF80/IN738 was performed at different temperature and time under vacuum atmosphere. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental results.

Surface assembly of cobalt species for simultaneous acceleration of interfacial charge separation and catalytic reactions on Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S photocatalyst

Although photocatalytic water splitting has excellent potential for converting solar energy into chemical energy,the challenging charge separation process and sluggish surface catalytic reactions significantly limit progress in solar energy conversion using semiconductor photocatalysts.Herein,we demonstrate a feasible strategy involving the surface assembly of cobalt oxide species(CoO_(x))on a visible-light-responsive Cd_(0.9)Zn_(0.1)S(CZS)photocatalyst to fabricate a hierarchical CZS@CoO_(x) heterostructure.The unique hierarchical structure effectively accelerates the directional transfer of photogenerated charges,reducing charge recombination through the smooth interfacial heterojunction between CZS and CoO_(x),as evidenced by photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy and various electrochemical characterizations.The surface cobalt species on the CZS material also act as efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production,with activity even higher than that of noble metals.The well-defined CZS@CoO_(x) heterostructure not only enhances the interfacial separation of photoinduced charges,but also improves surface catalytic reactions.This leads to superior photocatalytic performances,with an apparent quantum efficiency of 20%at 420 nm for visible-light-driven hydrogen generation,which is one of the highest quantum efficiencies measured among noble-metal-free photocatalysts.Our work presents a potential pathway for controlling complex charge separation and catalytic reaction processes in photocatalysis,guiding the practical development of artificial photocatalysts for successful transformation of solar to chemical energy.

Singular Hybrid Boundary Node Method for Solving Poisson Equation

As a boundary-type meshless method, the singular hybrid boundary node method（SHBNM） is based on the modified variational principle and the moving least square（MLS） approximation, so it has the advantages of both boundary element method（BEM） and meshless method. In this paper, the dual reciprocity method（DRM） is combined with SHBNM to solve Poisson equation in which the solution is divided into particular solution and general solution. The general solution is achieved by means of SHBNM, and the particular solution is approximated by using the radial basis function（RBF）. Only randomly distributed nodes on the bounding surface of the domain are required and it doesn＇t need extra equations to compute internal parameters in the domain. The postprocess is very simple. Numerical examples for the solution of Poisson equation show that high convergence rates and high accuracy with a small node number are achievable.

Quantum and Classical Correlations in Isotropic XY Chain with Three-Site Interaction

The quantum phase transition in the isotropic XY chain with three-site interaction has been studied by calculating the quantum discord, classicai correlation, and concurrence measuring entanglement. It is found that the quantum discord is a better choice than concurrence to signal the presence of the quantum phase transition in this model, since that for next-nearest neighbor spins the derivative of the quantum discord still exhibits singularity at the critical point while there is no more entanglement.