“引导法”在体育教学中的应用

通过实际的教学事例介绍直观启发、对比启发、问题启发、比喻启发等方法,阐明“引导法”教学模式在体育教学中的效果优于传统的“注入式”教学。

“引导法”在《基础会计》教学中的运用

《基础会计》学科具有抽象、繁杂、知识点多、理论性强的特点,学生在学习中常感枯燥无味.笔者在教学中适当采用"引导"法,使教学效果明显提高.

“引导探索法”教学模式

一、引发疑问 现代教育理论认为，创设问题情境，引导学生提出问题。并指导学生自己解决问题，有利于培养学生创新思维和创造能力，但是，受旧的教学模式影响，学生自己提出的问题还很少，课堂上的问题主要还是以教师提出。因此，教师在引发疑问时，需认真研究教学大纲和教学内容。分析学生的心理活动，精心设计符合学生认知规律的问题，可使学生凭已知去探索未知，利用已知除疑解惑。问题设计要针对学生的实际，要具有启发性和探索性，难度要恰好落脚在学生通过努力可以达到的潜在接受能力上。

经典发明技法二则

创造是神圣的事业，而不是神秘的事情。然而，许多人总是觉得创造神秘，甚至特别神秘。为打破这种神秘感，这里不妨向大家推荐一种入门的方法或称“引导法”。

怎样养好泌乳盛期的奶牛

泌乳盛期一般是指产后15—60天,高产牛可延续到产后第三个月。泌乳高峰多出现在产后6—8周,而对饲料最大采食量通常出现在产后12-16周。因此,母牛采食的营养往往不能满足产奶需要,必须喂些适口性好,高能量和高蛋白饲料。为了延长产奶高峰持续时间,达到高产稳产,多采取下列措施。

Importance of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: To study the importance of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) guided by ultrasound for inoperable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: Forty-seven patients with inoperable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma underwent percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) under ultrasond between October 1999 and July 2001. Twenty-four patients had single recurrent tumor and 23 patients had multiple lesions. Twelve patients had single lesion with less than 3.5 cm in diameter. All patients were followed up to examine the value of AFP, MRI or CT after PRFA. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to analyze the survival rate.Results: The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate in single lesion group was 65.2%, 37.5% and 37.5% respectively. The survival rate of 1 and 2 years was 41.7% and 19.5% in the multiple lesions group. The 1-, 2-and 3-year survival rate in single lesion groups with less than 3.5 cm in diameter was 83.3%, 51.4% and 51.4% respectively.Conclusion: PRFA is one of the important comprehensive methods for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the size, number and recurrent time, PRFA can be performed separately or combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for inoperable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. This method can control the recurrence and increase the survival rate effectively. Key words recurrence - hepatocellular cacinoma - radiofrequency ablation

陶行知生活教育理论与新课程理念下的现代汉语教学

新课程理念强调以学生为本、强调与社会、与学生现实生活的联系。这一思想可以说是与上个世纪30年代陶行知先生提出的生活课程理论一脉相承。所以说,陶行知的生活教育理论与新课程理念有着必然的联系。我们研究陶行知的生活教育理论,必将有利于推动当前课程改革的进一步发展。本文结合现代汉语教学探讨实践先进教学理念的方法与途径。

Influence of heat loss through probe electrical leads on thermal conductivity measurement with TPS method

The transient plane source(TPS)method is developed recently to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.In the measurement,the heating power is influenced by the heat which is transferred via the probe electrical leads.This fact further influences the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity.To solve this problem,the influence of heat loss through the electrical leads on the heating power is studied theoretically.The mathematical formula of heat loss is deduced,and the corresponding correction model is presented.A series of measurement experiments on different materials have been conducted by using the hot disk thermal constant analyzer.The results show that the influence of the heat loss on the measurement is sensitive to different test materials and probes with different sizes.When the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than 0.2 W/(m·K),the influence of the heat loss is less than 0.16%,which can be ignored.As to the lower thermal conductivity materials,it is necessary to compensate the heat loss through the electrical leads,and the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurement can be effectively improved.

Stability analysis of lead-vehicle control model in cooperative adaptive cruise control platoon within heterogeneous traffic flow

In order to analyze the stability impact of cooperative adaptive cruise control （CACC） platoon, an adaptive control model designed for the lead vehicle in a CACC platoon （LCACC model） in heterogeneous traffic flow with both CACC and manual vehicles is proposed. Considering the communication delay of a CACC platoon, a frequency-domain approach is taken to analyze the stability conditions of the novel lead-vehicle CACC model. Field trajectory data from the next-generation simulation （NGSIM） data is used as the initial condition. To account for car- following behaviors in reality, an intelligent driver model （IDM） is calibrated with the same NGSIM dataset from a previous study to model manual vehicles. The stability conditions of the proposed model are validated by the ring- road stability analysis. The ring-road test results indicate the potential of the LCACC model for improving the traffic flow stability impact of CACC platoons. Sensitivity analysis shows that the CACC fleet size has impact on the parameters of the LCACC model.

Multi-objective optimization for leaching process using improved two-stage guide PSO algorithm

A mathematical mechanism model was proposed for the description and analysis of the heat-stirring-acid leaching process.The model is proved to be effective by experiment.Afterwards,the leaching problem was formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem based on the mechanism model.A two-stage guide multi-objective particle swarm optimization(TSG-MOPSO) algorithm was proposed to solve this optimization problem,which can accelerate the convergence and guarantee the diversity of pareto-optimal front set as well.Computational experiment was conducted to compare the solution by the proposed algorithm with SIGMA-MOPSO by solving the model and with the manual solution in practice.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm shows better performance than SIGMA-MOPSO,and can improve the current manual solutions significantly.The improvements of production time and economic benefit compared with manual solutions are 10.5% and 7.3%,respectively.

Proportional navigation guidance law based on process schedule

This paper makes researches on multiple independently reentry vehicle （MIRV） ballistic missile interception. It breaks through traditional intercepting methods of missiles and combines comba- ting time characteristics of MIRV missiles with the principle of computer process schedule. In this paper, a way of firstly intercepting the target missile with higher threaten grade is proposed. This method determines the threaten grade of the attacking target according to computer process schedu- ling algorithms, then appljed a proportional navigation guidance law to intercept target missiles in priority so that it achieves the effect of less damage. The simulation results indicate that it is effective to use the proportional navigation guidance law based on the process scheduling to intercept target missile. It possesses referential value in modem weapon combats.

Passive ranging algorithm in terms of polar coordinates

For the missile with passive seeker,the improvement of passive ranger's precision is one of the key issues in development of the defense penetrate strategy. On the offensive warheads,the infrared imaging device was used to measure the line-of-sight angle information of the blocker,and then using the algorithm of Kalman Filter under polar coordinates,the distance from the blocker to the warheads was obtained. The simulation result under polar coordinates was compared with that of Cartesian coordinate. The validity of the method was analyzed,and the schemes of improvement were brought out.

Rapid,sensitive detection of Vibrio anguillarum using loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Vibrio anguillarum is an important bacterial pathogen of aquatic organisms and a significant problem in aquatic farming. The rapid detection and identification of V. anguillarum, and other pathogens that infect marine organisms, is crucial to effective disease management. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated amplification （LAMP） assay to detect V. anguillarum in an hour in a single tube without the need for thermal cycling. Conserved regions of the metalloproteinase （empA） gene of V. anguillarum served as the targets for primer design. A fragment of the empA gene was amplified at 65℃ in the presence of the primer mixture and Bst DNA polymerase. In the optimized LAMP assay, 6.7 pg of V. anguillarum DNA could be detected. Six strains of V. anguillarum and 17 strains of non-V, anguillarum bacteria were used in this study to evaluate the species specificity of the primers. The six V. anguillarum strains gave a positive result in the LAMP assay. This method was also validated in V. anguillarum-infected fish. This LAMP method is more sensitive than PCR in the detection of V. anguillarum and shows good species specificity. The LAMP assay is therefore an effective method for the quick detection of V. anguillarum both in the laboratory and in the field.

Forecasting available parking space with largest Lyapunov exponents method

The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of APS were studied. Thereafter, aiming to build up a multi-step APS forecasting model that provides richer information than a conventional one-step model, the largest Lyapunov exponents(largest LEs) method was introduced into PGS. By experimental tests conducted using the same dataset, its prediction performance was compared with traditional wavelet neural network(WNN) method in both one-step and multi-step processes. Based on the results, a new multi-step forecasting model called WNN-LE method was proposed, where WNN, which enjoys a more accurate performance along with a better learning ability in short-term forecasting, was applied in the early forecast steps while the Lyapunov exponent prediction method in the latter steps precisely reflect the chaotic feature in latter forecast period. The MSE of APS forecasting for one hour time period can be reduced from 83.1 to 27.1(in a parking building with 492 berths) by using largest LEs method instead of WNN and further reduced to 19.0 by conducted the new method.

Simultaneous scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles in flexible manufacturing systems using genetic algorithms

The problem of simultaneous scheduling of machines and vehicles in flexible manufacturing system (FMS) was addressed.A spreadsheet based genetic algorithm (GA) approach was presented to solve the problem.A domain independent general purpose GA was used,which was an add-in to the spreadsheet software.An adaptation of the propritary GA software was demonstrated to the problem of minimizing the total completion time or makespan for simultaneous scheduling of machines and vehicles in flexible manufacturing systems.Computational results are presented for a benchmark with 82 test problems,which have been constructed by other researchers.The achieved results are comparable to the previous approaches.The proposed approach can be also applied to other problems or objective functions without changing the GA routine or the spreadsheet model.

Strategy of changing cracking furnace feedstock based on improved group search optimization

The scheduling process of cracking furnace feedstock is important in an ethylene plant. In this paper it is described as a constraint optimization problem. The constraints consist of the cycle of operation, maximum tube metal temperature, process time of each feedstock, and flow rate. A modified group search optimizer is proposed to deal with the optimization problem. Double fitness values are defined for every group. First, the factor of penalty function should be changed adaptively by the ratio of feasible and general solutions. Second, the "excellent" infeasible solution should be retained to guide the search. Some benchmark functions are used to evaluate the new algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is used to optimize the scheduling process of cracking furnace feedstock. And the optimizing result is obtained.

Efficient mesh denoising via robust normal filtering and alternate vertex updating

The most challenging problem in mesh denoising is to distinguish features from noise. Based on the robust guided normal estimation and alternate vertex updating strategy, we investigate a new feature-preserving mesh denoising method. To accurately capture local structures around features, we propose a corner-aware neighborhood （CAN） scheme. By combining both overall normal distribution of all faces in a CAN and individual normal influence of the interested face, wc give a new consistency measuring method, which greatly improves the reliability of the estimated guided normals. As the noise level lowers, we take as guidance the previous filtered normals, which coincides with the emerging roUing guidance idea. In the vertex updating process, we classify vertices according to filtered normals at each iteration and reposition vertices of distinct types alternately with individual regularization constraints. Experiments on a variety of synthetic and real data indicate that our method adapts to various noise, both Gaussian and impulsive, no matter in the normal direction or in a random direction, with fcw triangles flippcd.

Protocol-optimizing study of combining Tuina and horse-riding squat exercise for knee osteoarthritis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)manipulation plus horse-riding squat exercise in treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA)and optimize the combining protocol.Methods Based on a 2×2 factorial design,120 eligible KOA patients were randomized into a manipulation group(group A1B2),a manipulation plus horse-riding squat group(group A1B1),a sitting knee-adjustment group(group A2B2 group),and a sitting knee-adjustment plus horse-riding squat group(group A2B1),with 30 cases in each group.The intervention was conducted three times a week,lasting for four weeks.The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index(WOMAC)was taken as the major measure for efficacy evaluation(including three component scores,pain,stiffness,and daily function,and total score).Results The three component scores(pain,stiffness,and daily function)and the total score of WOMAC showed significant differences after the intervention in the four groups(P<0.05).There were significant inter-group differences in the WOMAC stiffness score amongst the four groups after the intervention(P<0.05).In group A1B1,the step length,stride,walking speed,and knee joint flexion angle changed significantly after treatment(P<0.05).After the intervention,the step length changed significantly in group A1B2(P<0.05),and the walking speed changed significantly in group A2B1(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the step length,stride,walking speed,or knee joint flexion angle among the four groups(P>0.05).The extensor peak torque at 180°/s changed significantly in group A1B2 after treatment(P<0.05).Neither the intra-group nor the inter-group comparisons of the four groups revealed significant differences in the other isokinetic muscle strength parameters(P>0.05).The main effect of manipulation showed significant in affecting the WOMAC pain and total scores(P<0.05).The main effect of horse-riding squat exercise showed significant in affecting the WOMAC pain and stiffness scores(P<0.05).Conclusion The four treatment protocols all can improve the symptoms of KOA,for instance,relieving pain and stiffness,and enhancing daily function.Group A2B1 produces the most eminent effect in relieving joint stiffness.The main effects of both manipulation and horse-riding squat exercise are significant in reducing pain.Besides,the main effect of horse-riding squat exercise is significant in relieving joint stiffness.

Quantile residual lifetime for left-truncated and right-censored data

This article proposes a simple nonparametric estimator of quantile residual lifetime function under left-truncated and right-censored data. The asymptotic consistency and normality of this estimator are proved and the variance expression is calculated. Two bootstrap procedures are employed in the simulation study,where the latter bootstrap from Zeng and Lin(2008) is 4000 times faster than the former naive one, and the numerical results in both methods show that our estimating approach works well. A real data example is used to illustrate its application.