In order to improve the prediction precision of the safety performance function （SPF） of freeway basic segments, design and crash data of 640 segments are collected from different institutions. Three negative binomi...In order to improve the prediction precision of the safety performance function （SPF） of freeway basic segments, design and crash data of 640 segments are collected from different institutions. Three negative binomial （NB） regression models and three generalized negative binomial （GNB） regression models are built to prove that the interactive influence of explanatory variables plays an important role in fitting goodness. The effective use of the GNB model in analyzing the interactive influence of explanatory variables and predicting freeway basic segments is demonstrated. Among six models, the two models （one is the NB model and the other is the GNB model. ） which consider the interactive influence of the annual average daily traffic （AADT） and length are more reasonable for predicting results. Furthermore, a comprehensive study is carried out to prove that when considering the interactive influence, the NB and GNB models have almost the same fitting performance in estimating the crashes, among which the GNB model is slightly better for prediction performance.展开更多
Urban Parks play an important role in the urban ecological environment. Based on the profound effect of ecological ideology on urban park design, we stud- ied the evolution course of ecological ideology and the charac...Urban Parks play an important role in the urban ecological environment. Based on the profound effect of ecological ideology on urban park design, we stud- ied the evolution course of ecological ideology and the characteristics of the ecological ideology at different stages in the United States, and emphatically introduced the influence of ecological ideology on the planning and design of New York Central Park, with the aim to summarize the inspiration for the urban park design in China.展开更多
In order to study the effect of large scale cosmological expansion on small systems, we assume a Friedmann- Robertson-Walker type coordinate system in presence of a nonzero cosmological constant and derive a non-stati...In order to study the effect of large scale cosmological expansion on small systems, we assume a Friedmann- Robertson-Walker type coordinate system in presence of a nonzero cosmological constant and derive a non-static Reissner-Nrdstr6m metric. It is an analytic function of r for all values except at r = O, which is singular. By determining the equation of motion in this metric we can estimate how expansion of the universe may affect Pioneer＇s motion. Because the metric does not have any event horizon and so high potential regions are accessible, this may help us in better understanding AGN phenomenon.展开更多
This study focused on the quantitative evaluation of the impact of the spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and grouping on the standardization of CPUE(catch per unit effort).We used the Chinese squid-jigging...This study focused on the quantitative evaluation of the impact of the spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and grouping on the standardization of CPUE(catch per unit effort).We used the Chinese squid-jigging fishery in the northwestern Pacific Ocean as an example to evaluate 24 scenarios at different spatio-temporal scales,with a combination of four levels of temporal scale(weekly,biweekly,monthly,and bimonthly)and six levels of spatial scale(longitude×latitude:0.5°×0.5°,0.5°×1°,0.5°×2°,1°×0.5°,1°×1°,and 1°×2°).We applied generalized additive models and generalized linear models to analyze the24 scenarios for CPUE standardization,and then the differences in the standardized CPUE among these scenarios were quantified.This study shows that combinations of different spatial and temporal scales could have different impacts on the standardization of CPUE.However,at a fine temporal scale(weekly)different spatial scales yielded similar results for standardized CPUE.The choice of spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and analysis may create added uncertainty in fisheries stock assessment and management.To identify a cost-effective spatio-temporal scale for data collection,we recommend a similar study be undertaken to facilitate the design of effective monitoring programs.展开更多
Societal values are polysemous and its dimensions are imported into advertising to give it rich content. The polysemous character makes it sensitive and complex phenomena. For instance, value that is acceptable in the...Societal values are polysemous and its dimensions are imported into advertising to give it rich content. The polysemous character makes it sensitive and complex phenomena. For instance, value that is acceptable in the western part of Nigeria may be unacceptable in the north or east. This clearly implies that value, although may be of the people, is relative and subjective. This study made use of survey research design with a single research question set to guide it. Data were collected from 362 respondents who were purposively selected in the study area （Lagos State, Nigeria） as sample size. Data gathering were done on the field with the aid of questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Specifically, a Table of frequency and percentage distribution was employed and scoring of variables was done vis-h-vis the responses of the consumers of staple commodities to look at the extent to which societal values have influenced product advertisements in the State. The Mean and standard deviation was calculated. The result of the study presented in Table 1 shows that all the societal values scoped for this study （culture, moral, religion, taste, language and color） influence consumers in one way or the other but the portrayal of religious design concept to influence consumers to patronize staple commodities ranked best of all. The study observed that of all the societal values traceable to advertising campaign in Lagos State, religion-inclined advertising designs are gaining a rising number of influences. It therefore concludes that religious and cultural designs, when appropriately applied help outdoor advertising to thrive well in Lagos State.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self...The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self-control, life stress events （LSE）, youth unemployment, religiosity, feeling （fear and anger）, youth unemployment and total unemployment） on Arab youth＇s radicalization. A sample of 6,730 Arab youth age 15-24 years was selected from Kuwait, UAE, KSA, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza and Palestine and Syrian refuges in Jordan. A questionnaire of 43 items to measure radicalization was developed based on the literature review. A construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between radicalization scale and Low self-control scale and found a positive significant relationship （0.680, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. A Reliability of the scale is strong and was estimated by Cronbach＇s alpha and was 0.947. An average of 46.6% of the participants was categorized as radicals with standard deviation of 12. Macro social factors explained 64% of the variance on radicalization. It has a significant impact on radicalization （F = 807.6, a = 0.000）. Each single variable has a significant impact. The analysis revealed three groups of macro determinants of youth radicalization were identified： （1） Geographic factors： state, region, and Arab spring; （2） Social factors： religion, religiously, feelings, LSE and LSC; （3） Human security： unrest, terrorism, democracy, corruption, human development, youth unemployment and employment rate. To alleviate the consequences of radicalization, prevention policies should take in account youth concerns as partners and victims of radicalization. Policies need to focus on radicalization pull and push factors on micro-meso-macro level.展开更多
The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China＇s socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady developm...The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China＇s socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady development of the banking sector-based financial sector. Real estate price have a significant impact not only on the development ofmacroeconomic stability, but on the safety of financial system. Chinese economy is currently on the period of transition from investment and export promotion of economic growth mode to a demand-led growth, it is an important role to China＇s economic growth for sustained and healthy development of real estate market.展开更多
Environmental attitude studies have been a key focus within the environmental research field, as the significance of ecological citizenship for the sustainable development discourse has been highly recognized in recen...Environmental attitude studies have been a key focus within the environmental research field, as the significance of ecological citizenship for the sustainable development discourse has been highly recognized in recent years. In this context, the influence of demographic variables on environmental attitude is an emerging issue that is widely investigated in the west. In this respect, this paper seeks to understand the impact of demographic variables on the environmental worldview of Famagusta residents in order to make a scientific contribution to the possible construction of relevant strategies. A random sample of 165 residents within the territory of Famagusta Municipality was chosen for the survey. The survey tapped the relationship between environmental （ecocentric and anthropocentric） attitudes and selected demographic variables （age, gender, education and household income） and the survey results were evaluated with the help of SPSS （statistical package for social sciences） analyses. The findings reveal that younger respondents, women and the highly educated do not achieve higher scores of environmental attitudes and household income has a statistically significant nonlinear effect.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408229,51278202)the Program of the Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education,Tongji University(No.K201204)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Communication Department(No.2013-02-068)
文摘In order to improve the prediction precision of the safety performance function （SPF） of freeway basic segments, design and crash data of 640 segments are collected from different institutions. Three negative binomial （NB） regression models and three generalized negative binomial （GNB） regression models are built to prove that the interactive influence of explanatory variables plays an important role in fitting goodness. The effective use of the GNB model in analyzing the interactive influence of explanatory variables and predicting freeway basic segments is demonstrated. Among six models, the two models （one is the NB model and the other is the GNB model. ） which consider the interactive influence of the annual average daily traffic （AADT） and length are more reasonable for predicting results. Furthermore, a comprehensive study is carried out to prove that when considering the interactive influence, the NB and GNB models have almost the same fitting performance in estimating the crashes, among which the GNB model is slightly better for prediction performance.
文摘Urban Parks play an important role in the urban ecological environment. Based on the profound effect of ecological ideology on urban park design, we stud- ied the evolution course of ecological ideology and the characteristics of the ecological ideology at different stages in the United States, and emphatically introduced the influence of ecological ideology on the planning and design of New York Central Park, with the aim to summarize the inspiration for the urban park design in China.
基金0ur thanks go to the Isfahan University of Technology for the financial support.
文摘In order to study the effect of large scale cosmological expansion on small systems, we assume a Friedmann- Robertson-Walker type coordinate system in presence of a nonzero cosmological constant and derive a non-static Reissner-Nrdstr6m metric. It is an analytic function of r for all values except at r = O, which is singular. By determining the equation of motion in this metric we can estimate how expansion of the universe may affect Pioneer＇s motion. Because the metric does not have any event horizon and so high potential regions are accessible, this may help us in better understanding AGN phenomenon.
基金Supported by Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project,Discipline name:Fisheries(A),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC41276156)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA092303)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.12231203900)CHEN Yong’s involvement was supported by the Shanghai Ocean University
文摘This study focused on the quantitative evaluation of the impact of the spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and grouping on the standardization of CPUE(catch per unit effort).We used the Chinese squid-jigging fishery in the northwestern Pacific Ocean as an example to evaluate 24 scenarios at different spatio-temporal scales,with a combination of four levels of temporal scale(weekly,biweekly,monthly,and bimonthly)and six levels of spatial scale(longitude×latitude:0.5°×0.5°,0.5°×1°,0.5°×2°,1°×0.5°,1°×1°,and 1°×2°).We applied generalized additive models and generalized linear models to analyze the24 scenarios for CPUE standardization,and then the differences in the standardized CPUE among these scenarios were quantified.This study shows that combinations of different spatial and temporal scales could have different impacts on the standardization of CPUE.However,at a fine temporal scale(weekly)different spatial scales yielded similar results for standardized CPUE.The choice of spatio-temporal scale used in data collection and analysis may create added uncertainty in fisheries stock assessment and management.To identify a cost-effective spatio-temporal scale for data collection,we recommend a similar study be undertaken to facilitate the design of effective monitoring programs.
文摘Societal values are polysemous and its dimensions are imported into advertising to give it rich content. The polysemous character makes it sensitive and complex phenomena. For instance, value that is acceptable in the western part of Nigeria may be unacceptable in the north or east. This clearly implies that value, although may be of the people, is relative and subjective. This study made use of survey research design with a single research question set to guide it. Data were collected from 362 respondents who were purposively selected in the study area （Lagos State, Nigeria） as sample size. Data gathering were done on the field with the aid of questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Specifically, a Table of frequency and percentage distribution was employed and scoring of variables was done vis-h-vis the responses of the consumers of staple commodities to look at the extent to which societal values have influenced product advertisements in the State. The Mean and standard deviation was calculated. The result of the study presented in Table 1 shows that all the societal values scoped for this study （culture, moral, religion, taste, language and color） influence consumers in one way or the other but the portrayal of religious design concept to influence consumers to patronize staple commodities ranked best of all. The study observed that of all the societal values traceable to advertising campaign in Lagos State, religion-inclined advertising designs are gaining a rising number of influences. It therefore concludes that religious and cultural designs, when appropriately applied help outdoor advertising to thrive well in Lagos State.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self-control, life stress events （LSE）, youth unemployment, religiosity, feeling （fear and anger）, youth unemployment and total unemployment） on Arab youth＇s radicalization. A sample of 6,730 Arab youth age 15-24 years was selected from Kuwait, UAE, KSA, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza and Palestine and Syrian refuges in Jordan. A questionnaire of 43 items to measure radicalization was developed based on the literature review. A construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between radicalization scale and Low self-control scale and found a positive significant relationship （0.680, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. A Reliability of the scale is strong and was estimated by Cronbach＇s alpha and was 0.947. An average of 46.6% of the participants was categorized as radicals with standard deviation of 12. Macro social factors explained 64% of the variance on radicalization. It has a significant impact on radicalization （F = 807.6, a = 0.000）. Each single variable has a significant impact. The analysis revealed three groups of macro determinants of youth radicalization were identified： （1） Geographic factors： state, region, and Arab spring; （2） Social factors： religion, religiously, feelings, LSE and LSC; （3） Human security： unrest, terrorism, democracy, corruption, human development, youth unemployment and employment rate. To alleviate the consequences of radicalization, prevention policies should take in account youth concerns as partners and victims of radicalization. Policies need to focus on radicalization pull and push factors on micro-meso-macro level.
文摘The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China＇s socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady development of the banking sector-based financial sector. Real estate price have a significant impact not only on the development ofmacroeconomic stability, but on the safety of financial system. Chinese economy is currently on the period of transition from investment and export promotion of economic growth mode to a demand-led growth, it is an important role to China＇s economic growth for sustained and healthy development of real estate market.
文摘Environmental attitude studies have been a key focus within the environmental research field, as the significance of ecological citizenship for the sustainable development discourse has been highly recognized in recent years. In this context, the influence of demographic variables on environmental attitude is an emerging issue that is widely investigated in the west. In this respect, this paper seeks to understand the impact of demographic variables on the environmental worldview of Famagusta residents in order to make a scientific contribution to the possible construction of relevant strategies. A random sample of 165 residents within the territory of Famagusta Municipality was chosen for the survey. The survey tapped the relationship between environmental （ecocentric and anthropocentric） attitudes and selected demographic variables （age, gender, education and household income） and the survey results were evaluated with the help of SPSS （statistical package for social sciences） analyses. The findings reveal that younger respondents, women and the highly educated do not achieve higher scores of environmental attitudes and household income has a statistically significant nonlinear effect.
