“微”背景下高校服务型党组织的建设路径

高校党的建设必须顺应"微"时代的步伐。"微"背景下,高校党组织建设存在理念滞后、环境复杂、内容枯燥、机制不畅,在理念、内容、机制及外在环境等现实障碍,高校服务型党组织建设应从凸显"微"元素、融入"微"媒介、贴近"微"生活、形成"微"机制等方面入手探寻有效路径。

“微”背景下高校书香校园建设浅析

介绍了在"微"背景下高校书香校园建设的概念和内容,分析了"微"背景下高校书香校园建设的制约因素,包括大学生阅读观念的改变、高校物质文化、精神文化建设和制度建设的落后,最后根据存在问题提出了对应的对策。

“微时代”背景下高校思想政治课教学模式改革

“微时代”背景下高校思政课教学模式改革顺应信息时代发展的要求，对促进高校思政课教学水平的提高和学生思想政治水平的发展具有重大意义。高校在改革过程中必须要加强改革的重视度，引进具备专业能力和信息技术掌握能力和应用能力的思政教师，向国家相关部门、社会等积极争取改革基础设施的物资支持，在改革主要人员及其改革任务的选择与布置上要综合考量，改革的内容应用具体且有一定的规范性要求。

“微时代”背景下大学生国防教育载体的应用探析

在新媒体背景下,国防教育的载体有了新的创新与发展,有效地提升了高校国防教育的成效。分析了"微时代"背景下大学生国防教育载体的应用存在的问题,从师资队伍建设、"微"课堂教学模式构建、新教育途径的开辟等方面提出解决策略。

小问题 “微课堂”——例谈初中化学课外教学

初中化学是初三学生新遇到的一门课程,小知识点比较多,他们很难较快地适应学科特点,仅仅依靠＂课堂＂还不能满足学生的发展。结合先进的信息技术,将一个个小问题,放在课后的＂微课堂＂里解决,通过＂微＂背景、＂微＂讲授、＂微＂练习等环节的运用,促进学生有效学习。

Unification of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in a Modified Entropic Force Model

In Verlinde＇s entropic force scenario of gravity, Newton＇s laws and Einstein equations can be obtained from the first principles and general assumptions. However, the equipartition law of energy is invalid at very low temperatures. We show clearly that the threshold of the equipartition law of energy is related with horizon of the universe. Thus, a one-dimensional Debye （ODD） model in the direction of radius of the modified entropic force （MEF） may be suitable in description of the accelerated expanding universe. We present a Friedmann cosmic dynamical model in the ODD-MEF framework. We examine carefully constraints on the ODD-MEF model from the Union2 compilation of the Supernova Cosmology Project （SCP） collaboration, the data from the observation of the large-scale structure （LSS） and the cosmic microwave background （CMB）, i.e. SNe Ia＋LSS＋CMB. The combined numerical analysis gives the best-fit value of the model parameters （ -10^-9 and Ωm0= 0.224, with 2 = Xmin= 591.156. The corresponding age of the universe agrees with the result of D. Spergel et al. [J.M. Bardeen, B. Carter, and S.W. Hawking, Commun. Math. Phys. 31 （1973） 161] at 95% confidence level. The numerical result also yields an accelerated expanding universe without invoking any kind of dark energy. Taking ζ（= 2πωD/ H0 ） as a running parameter associated with the structure scale r, we obtain a possible unified scenario of the asymptotic flatness of the radial velocity dispersion of spiral galaxies, the accelerated expanding universe and the Pioneer 10/11 anomaly in the entropic force framework of Verlinde.

Travel Motivation of Domestic Tourists to the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeastern China: A Comparative Study

This article seeks to develop a fuller understanding of the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists who visit the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) in Northeastern China. To do so, ecotourists are compared to general travelers visiting this area. A questionnaire was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and motivations, responses to which were then analyzed via descriptive statistics, T-tests and principal component factor analysis. Results showed that 16% of the visitors to this area were classified as ecotourists, while the remainder general travelers. Five motivations displayed significant differences(P<0.05) between these two types of tourists. Three social motives – boosting self-confidence, feeling at home away from home and being together with family – and two attraction motives – indoor sports and viewing unique landscapes of the CMBR(crater lake, waterfall, gorge and hot spring) – were significantly more important for general travelers(P<0.05); while two social motives of experiencing the tranquility of the natural setting and the natural beauty of the landscape were relatively more important for ecotourists(P<0.1). Results suggest that ecotourists have distinct and complicated attraction and social motives compared to general travelers visiting the CMBR. Results have useful implications for researchers interested in tourist motivations and behavior, as well as for managers who wish to focus their marketing strategies more effectively. National Park of South Africa. Uysal et al.(1994) assessed the travel motives of Australian tourists to U.S. national parks and nature areas and formed five groupings including ‘relaxation/hobbies', ‘novelty', ‘enhancement of kinship relationship', ‘escape', and ‘prestige'. Tao et al.(2004) analyzed motivations of Asian tourists travelling to Taiwan's Taroko National Park using a self-defined approach and found that the most significant benefits sought by self-defined ecotourists are ‘learning about nature' and ‘participating in recreation activities'. Beh and Bruyere(2007) analyzed visitor motivations in three Kenyan national reserves, identifying the three most prominent kinds of tourists as escapers, learners and spiritualists. Pan and Ryan(2007) used factor analysis to reveal five motivational dimensions –‘relaxation', ‘social needs', ‘a sense of belonging', ‘mastery skills', and ‘intellectual needs' – of visitors to the Pirongia Forest Park in New Zealand. Kruger and Saayman(2010) did a comparative study on travel motivations of tourists to Kruger and Tsitsikamma National Parks in South Africa and found that common motives of tourists were ‘escape and relaxation' as well as ‘knowledge seeking', ‘nostalgia' and ‘park attributes'. Despite these efforts, on an overall basis past literature on why visitors travel to national parks and nature areas is still rather limited. In China, a number of empirical studies on tourist motivations have been conducted since the early 1990s(Chen and Miao 2006; Dong 2011; Huang et al. 2011; Jeffrey and Xie 1994; Lu 1997; Ma et al. 2013; Zhang 2012). Some studies have focused on motivations of visitors to nature reserves(Li 2007), geological parks(Chen and Qiao 2010), world heritage sites(Su et al. 2005), and seismic memorial sites(Tang 2014). However, most previous research findings on tourist motivations are not comparable, reflecting the fact that visitors to different parks have quite different motives due to the attributes of particular destinations, the geographic locations of these parks, types of available activities, marketing strategies, and the complexity of travel motives(Chen and Qiao 2010; Pan and Ryan 2007). While it is true that certain motivations were shared in varying degrees by most tourists to these places – i.e., ‘appreciating natural landscapes', ‘family and education', ‘social needs', and ‘perceived prestige of visit' – most previous research has not focused on natural settings as destinations. Thus travel motivations of tourists to these areas must be further explored and clarified in relation to impacts on particular natural areas and patterns of market segmentation. As one of the earliest and largest natural reserves established in China, the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) has long been a draw not only for domestic tourists but also for international visitors, and tourism to the area has been growing steadily since 1980. With the number of visitors to the reserve having climbed to 2.44 million in 2010(Statistical Communiqué of the Changbai Mountain Protection and Development Zone of Jilin Province 2011), it has become imperative for local government officials and reserve wardens to understand tourists' desires and interests when identifying tourism development opportunities. However, the existing literature still suffers from a lack of empirical studies that investigate why people travel to the CMBR and whether tourist motives differ between groups such as ecotourists and general travelers. The target population for this study consists of domestic visitors to the CMBR. The goals of this research include:(1) to identify the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists that influence decisions to visit the CMBR;(2) to explore whether there are any differences between the motivations of these two types of tourists; and(3) to provide some useful management implications for local government and tourism marketers.

Constraints of f(R) gravity in Palatini approach with observational Hubble data

We use the newly released observational H(z) data (OHD), the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) shift parameter, and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements data to constrain cosmological parameters of f(R) gravity in Palatini formalism in which the f(R) form is defined as f(R) = R β/Rn. Under the assumption of a spatially flat FRW universe, we get the best fitting results of the free parameters (Ωm0, n). In the calculation, we marginalize the likelihood function over H0 by integrating the probability density P ∝ e-χ2/2 to obtain the best fitting results and the confidence regions in the Ωm0-n plane. The constraints results of (Ωm0, n) = (0.33, 0.41) by OHD only and (Ωm0, n) = (0.23, 0.08) by the combination of OHD+CMB+BAO both indicate that the universe goes through three last phases, i.e., radiation dominated, matter-dominated, and late time accelerated expansion without introduction of dark energy.

Revisit of constraints on holographic dark energy:SNLS3 dataset with the effects of time-varying β and different light-curve fitters

Previous studies have shown that for the Supernova Legacy Survey three-year （SNLS3） data there is strong evidence for the redshifl- evolution of color-luminosity parameter β of type Ia supernovae （SN Ia）. In this paper, we explore the effects of varying β on the cosmological constraints of holographic dark energy （HDE） model. In addition to the SNLS3 data, we also use Planck distance prior data of cosmic microwave background （CMB）, as well as galaxy clustering （GC） data extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） data release 7 and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey （BOSS）. We find that, for the both cases of using SN data alone and using SN＋CMB＋GC data, involving an additional parameter of β can reduce χ^2 by - 36; this shows that β deviates from a constant at 6σ- confidence levels. Adopting SN＋CMB＋GC data, we find that compared to the constant β case, varying β yields a larger fractional matter density Ωm0 and a smaller reduced Hubble constant h; moreover, varying β significantly increases the value of HDE model parameter c, leading to c ≈ 0.8, consistent with the constraint results obtained before Planck. These results indicate that the evolution of β should be taken into account seriously in the cosmological fits. In addition, we find that relative to the differences between the constant β and varying β（z） cases, the effects of different light-curve fitters on parameter estimation are very small.

Prospects for improving cosmological parameter estimation with gravitational-wave standard sirens from Taiji

Taiji,a space-based gravitational-wave observatory,consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of 3×10^6 km,orbiting around the Sun.Taiji is able to observe the gravitationalwave standard siren events of massive black hole binary(MBHB)merger,which is helpful in probing the expansion of the universe.In this paper,we preliminarily forecast the capability of Taiji for improving cosmological parameter estimation with the gravitational-wave standard siren data.We simulate fiveyear standard siren data based on three fiducial cosmological models and three models of MBHB’s formation and growth.It is found that the standard siren data from Taiji can effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies data,especially for dynamical dark energy models.The constraints on cosmological parameters are significantly improved by the data combination CMB+Taiji,compared to the CMB data alone.Compared to the current optical cosmological observations,Taiji can still provide help in improving the cosmological parameter estimation to some extent.In addition,we consider an ideal scenario to investigate the potential of Taiji on constraining cosmological parameters.We conclude that the standard sirens of MBHB from Taiji will become a powerful cosmological probe in the future.

Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.

Interacting model of new agegraphic dark energy:observational constraints and age problem

Many dark energy models fail to pass the cosmic age test because of the old quasar APM 08279+5255 at redshift z=3.91,the ΛCDMmodel and holographic dark energy models being no exception.Inthis paper,we focus onthe topic of the age problem inthe new agegraphic dark energy(NADE)model.We determine the age of the universe in the NADE model by fitting the observational data,including type Ia supernovae(SNIa),baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO)and the cosmic microwave background(CMB).We find that the NADE model also faces the challenge of the age problem caused by the old quasar APM 08279+5255.In order to overcome such a difficulty,we consider the possible interaction between dark energy and dark matter.We show that this quasar can be successfully accommodated in the interacting new agegraphic dark energy(INADE)model at the 2σlevel under the current observational constraints.

Constraints on the extensions to the base ΛCDM model from BICEP2, Planck and WMAP

Recently Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization （B2） discovered the relic gravitational waves at 7.00- confi- dence level. However, the other cosmic microwave background （CMB） data, for example Planck data released in 2013 （P13）, prefer a much smaller amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves spectrum if a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations is assumed in the six-parameter ACDM cosmology. In this paper, we explore whether the wCDM model and the running spectral index can relax the tension between B2 and other CMB data. Specifically we found that a positive running of running of spectral index is preferred at 1.70- level from the combination of B2, P 13 and WMAP Polarization data.

Comparing the VGCG model as the unification of dark sectors with observations

Current observations indicate that 95% of the energy density in the universe is the unknown dark component.The dark component is considered composed of two fluids:dark matter and dark energy.Or it is a mixture of these two dark components,i.e.,one can consider it an exotic unknown dark fluid.With this consideration,the variable generalized Chaplygin gas(VGCG)model is studied with not dividing the unknown fluid into dark matter and dark energy parts in this paper.By using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method,the VGCG model as the unification of dark sectors is constrained,and the constraint results on the VGCG model parameters are,n=0.00057+0.0001+0.0009-0.0006-0.0006,α=0.0015+0.0003+0.0017-0.0015-0.0015and B s=0.778+0.016+0.030-0.016-0.035,obtained by the cosmic microwave background data from the 7-year WMAP full data points,the baryon acoustic oscillation data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)and 2-degree Field Galaxy Redshift(2dFGRS)survey,and the Union2 type Ia supernova data with systematic errors.At last,according to the evolution of deceleration parameter it is shown that an expanded universe from deceleration to acceleration can be obtained in VGCG cosmology.

Cosmological parameter fittings with the BICEP2 data

Combining the latest Planck, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe （WMAP）, and baryon acoustic oscillation （BAO） data, we exploit the recent cosmic microwave background （CMB） B-mode power spectra data released by the BICEP2 collaboration to constrain the cosmological parameters of the ACDM model, especially the primordial power spectra parameters of the scalar and the tensor modes, ns, as, r, nt. We obtain constraints on the parameters for a lensed ACDM model using the Markov Chain -- ＋0,0307 ＋0,0061 ＋0,0105 Monte Carlo （MCMC） technique, the marginalized 68% bounds are r -0.1043 -0.0914, ns -0.9617-0.0061, as =-0.0175-0.0097, nt = 0.5198＋-0.4579. We find that a blue tilt for nt is favored slightly, but it is still well consistent with flat or even red tilt. Our r value is slightly smaller than the one obtained by the BICEP group, in that we permit nt as a free parameter without imposing the single-field slow roll inflation consistency relation. When we impose this relation, then r= 0.2130-0.06096 ＋0.0446. For most other parameters, the best fit values and measurement errors are not altered significantly by the introduction of the BICEP2 data.

A possible resolution of tension between Planck and Type Ia supernova observations

There is an apparent tension between cosmological parameters obtained from Planck cosmic microwave background radiation observations and that derived from the observed magnitude-redshift relation for the type Ia supernova （SNe Ia）. Here, we show that the tension can be alleviated, if we first calibrate, with the help of the distance-duality relation, the light-curve fitting parameters in the distance estimation in SNe Ia observations with the angular diameter distance data of the galaxy clusters and then re-estimate the distances for the SNe Ia with the corrected fitting parameters. This was used to explore their cosmological implications in the context of the spatially fiat cosmology. We find a higher value for the matter density parameter, Ωm, as compared to that from the original SNLS3, which is in agreement with Planck observations at 68.3% confidence. Therefore, the tension between Planck measurements and SNe Ia observations regarding Ωm can be effectively alleviated without invoking new physics or resorting to extensions for the standard concordance model. Moreover, with the absolute magnitude of a fiducial SNe Ia, M, determined first, we obtained a constraint on the Hubble constant with SNLS3 alone, which is also consistent with Planck.

A Specific Case of Generalized Einstein-aether Theories

With the dark energy phenomena explored over a decade, in this present work we discuss a specific case of the generalized Einstein-aether theories, in which the modified Friedmann equation is similar to that in the Dvali- Gabadadze-Porrati （DGP） brahe world model. We compute the joint statistic constraints on model parameters in this specific case by using the recent type Ia supernovae （SNe Ia） data, the cosmic microwave background （CMB） shift parameter data, and the baryonic acoustic oscillations （BAOs） data traced by the S1oan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）. Furthermore, we analyze other constrains from the observational Hubble parameter data （OHD）. The comparison with the standard cosmological model （cosmological constant A cold dark matter （ACDM） model） is dearly shown; also we comment on the interesting relation between the coupling constant M in this model and the special accelerate scale in the modified Newtonian dynamies （MOND） model initially given by Milgrom with the hope for interpreting the galaxy rotation curves without introducing mysterious dark matter.

Repeated Compton scattering in a strong magnetic field

Repeated scatterings of unpolarized photons by non-relativistic electrons in a static and uniform magnetic field are investigated by using the Boltzmann equation with quantum mechanical correction factors for the stimulated scattering effects.The resulting Kompaneets equation depends explicitly on the electron cyclotron frequency and the incidence angle of the incoming photons relative to the direction of the magnetic field.The evolutionary behavior of the photon spectrum and energy density is highly anisotropic with respect to the static external magnetic field.Possible applications of our results to the X-ray emission from compact and massive stellar objects are discussed in detail and those to the interaction of the microwave background radiation with the hot electrons in galactic clusters are discussed briefly.

Testing modified gravity models with recent cosmological observations

We explore the cosmological implications of five modified gravity(MG) models by using the recent cosmological observational data,including the recently released SNLS3 type Ia supernovae sample,the cosmic microwave background anisotropy data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7-yr observations,the baryon acoustic oscillation results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7,and the latest Hubble constant measurement utilizing the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope.The MG models considered include the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati(DGP) model,two f(R) models,and two f(T) models.We find that compared with the ΛCDM model,MG models can not lead to an appreciable reduction of the χ 2 min.The analysis of AIC and BIC shows that the simplest cosmological constant model(ΛCDM) is still the most preferred by the current data,and the DGP model is strongly disfavored.In addition,from the observational constraints,we also reconstruct the evolutions of the growth factor in these models.We find that the current available growth factor data are not enough to distinguish these MG models from the ΛCDM model.

On New Similarity Solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli System

In the present work, the new exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system have been found. The system has extensive physical background. The exact solutions of the Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system are investigated using similarity transformation method via Lie group theory. Lie symmetry generators are used for constructing similarity variables for the given system of partial differential equations, which lead to the new system of partial differentiaJ equations with one variable less at each step and eventually to a system of ordinary differential equations （ODEs）. Finally, these ODEs are solved exactly. The exact solutions are obtained under some parametric restrictions. The elastic behavior of the soliton solutions is shown graphically by taking some appropriate choices of the arbitrary functions involved in the solutions.