中国融媒体“微生态”:县级融媒体建构的转型与实现路径

在中央统一部署下的县级融媒体中心建设目前已进入关键阶段。作为构成中国融媒体框架数量众多的“微生态”,县级融媒体建设对于建立全媒体传播体系意义重大而深远。在这个基层媒体转型发展的重要关头,从传播平台到服务平台的功能升级,从自上而下的形式转型到自下而上的意识转型的思维进阶,从“传话筒”到“微话语”的逆向定位,都显得尤为关键。在此基础上,“融媒+”模式的不断拓新也是县级融媒体中心建设应对大数据、5G、AI时代的必然选择。

生态环境“微治理”促进共同富裕的逻辑机理及路径探索

公众生活过程中犄角旮旯会存在着各种各样的“小”环境问题,这些“小”环境问题治理是推动公众“自下而上”参与社会治理的重要载体。研究发现,生态环境“微治理”促进共同富裕体现在两个方面:一是实践成果作为公共产品构成共同富裕的物质内容;二是共同实践的持续过程有助于提升公众的集体主义认同。通过机制设计形成“全民皆兵”式参与生态环境治理新局面,可以引领公众形成物质维度与精神维度辩证统一的共同富裕观。

高校思想政治教育“微”生态系统重构——基于实证的教学能效分析

随着全球化的不断深入发展,我国正在与世界接轨建设世界一流大学,国内高等教育也面临着全新的机遇和挑战。本文以我国高校思想政治教育主体为研究对象,通过实证分析得到如下研究结论:在“微”生态系统重构的过程中存在着诸多影响因素,从因素特征上看,可以分为内部关联因素和外部关联因素两大类。内部关联因素与外部关联要素和生态系统呈显著正相关关系,在“微”生态系统的构建上,可以从内部和外部关联要素出发,提高高校思想政治教育的有效性。从回归结果来看,在“微”生态系统的众多影响要素中,不同的要素所发挥的作用存在着差异,在建设过程中需要有的放矢,课程与学生的关联性对系统重构的影响最大,说明在系统构建时需要重点把握课程与学生的关系,课程设计要以学生为出发点。

高校思想政治教育“微”生态系统重构——基于实证的政策效能分析

高校思想政治教育“微”系统聚焦于大学生的思想政治教育,对一所高校的实证研究发现,目前高校思想政治教育“微”系统存在着学生入党动机多样性与兼容性并存,学习及政治社会化需求多元化,学生工作队伍政治意识模糊,且学生工作边界不清,第二课堂与第三课堂的价值引领功能尚未充分发挥,学生动态信息掌握不充分等状况。对政策文件的应然要求与高校思政实然发展之间的张力进行政策效能分析,高校思政“微”生态系统呈现出限制与灵活并存的双重属性,有必要从教导性子系统、引导性子系统、过程性子系统以及联动性子系统的构建与互动出发,重构高校思政教育的“微”生态系统。

城市社区生态环境“微治理”的运行机制与展开路径研究

城市社区生态环境建设与治理是实现城市生态文明的重要基础与根本保障。面对城镇化引起的环境污染等问题,城市社区推行“微治理”这一治理实践创新,坚持以人民为中心的思想,着力建设人人有责、人人尽责,人人享受的生态环境治理共同体,把广大社区居民的思想、行动、力量和智慧凝聚起来,形成与国家“自上而下”相耦合的生态环境治理机制,增强基层社会自治能力,提高城市社区生态环境治理效能。

乡村生态环境“微治理”的逻辑机理与运行机制研究

良好的生态环境是推动乡村经济实现可持续发展的重要基础和根本保障。近年来,我国乡村生态环境保护取得很多进展,但总体上看,乡村生态环境治理工作量大面广,基础薄弱,仍存在突出短板。加强乡村生态环境治理,是推进美丽乡村建设、实施乡村振兴战略的一项重要的长期任务。乡村生态环境“微治理”遵循人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的理念,着力构建与党和国家“自上而下”的环境治理机制相耦合的“自下而上”的“微治理”机制,通过充分发挥农村居民参与环境治理的主体地位和作用,提高乡村生态环境治理效能。

如何推动青年“微社交”生态均衡发展

微时代的青年处于“微文化”盛行的“微环境”中,“微社交”的智能化、虚拟化和功能化特性会对青少年的全面发展产生一定的负面影响。因此,实现青年“微社交”场域的有效治理,必须要在“微环境”“微主体”“微机制”“微语态”和“微素养”上下功夫,以生态学的治理理念推动“微社交”生态的均衡发展。

协同视域下高校网络思想政治教育“微”生态系统的优化策略

高校思想政治教育是一项系统工程,网络思想政治教育是其中的重要内容,将生态学相关理论与思维引入网络思政工作,在协同视域下,从教育主体、教育主客体、教育内容、教育方法、外部环境等方面提出基于网络思想政治教育"微"生态系统的优化策略,以期实现系统各生态因子的和谐共生,促进"微"生态系统的良性发展,助力高校思想政治教育的协同创新与人才培养目标的实现。

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Cherry Valley Ducks

In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.

Fungi Diversity of Ginseng Rhizosphere Soil in Northeastern China

[Objective] The aim was to know the pathogenic fungi types and distribution law in ginseng rhizosphere soil.[Method] During May to Oct.in 2008 and 2009,more than 200 soil samples were collected from ginseng rhizosphere soil in Ji an City,Fusong County of Jilin Province and Huanren County of Liaoning Province.Soil dilution plate method and soil particle method were adopted to isolate and culture soil fungi,then classification and identification were carried out.[Result] 33 species of 22 fungal genera were id...

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Intestine and Intestinal Aeromonas hydrophila of Fish

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop compound probiotics that can be used as the alternatives of chemical drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture. [Method] Different concentrations of EM （effective microorganisms） and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were mixed at a ratio of 1：1, and sprayed on fish feed. The growth of intestinal villi of the fishes that had been fed with the feed mixed with compound probiotics for three months was observed; meanwhile, the content of in- testinal Aeromonas hydrophila was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. ｜Result] The compound probiotics promoted the development of intestinal villi, and inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila, and the effects were also concentration dependent. However, the compound probiotics did not increase the thickness of the intestinal serous layer, muscular layer and submucosal layer. [Conclusion] The compound probiotics we prepared can be used and popularized in aquiculture as it can inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila.

Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Physiological Adaptation of Habitat by Ion Distribution in the Leaves of Four Ecotypes of Reed (Phragmites australis)

The ion levels in the epidermal bulliform cells of epidermis, mesophyll cells and cells of the vascular bundle sheath of four ecotypes of reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) were determined by means of X_ray microanalysis. The results indicated that higher K +, Na +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl - were distributed in the vascular bundle sheath cells than in mesophyll cells and epidermal bulliform cells of the swamp ecotype. Higher Ca 2+ was found in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, higher Mg 2+ in the mesophyll cells and higher K +, Na + and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the dune ecotype. Higher Na + and Mg 2+ was determined in the mesophyll cells than in the bulliform cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, and higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the light salt meadow ecotype. In the heavy salt meadow ecotype, higher Na + and Mg 2+ were accumulated in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, but higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the mesophyll cells. Furthermore, the distributional conditions of the above five ions in leaf cells of the four ecotypes and their significance in the physiological adaptation of reed to habitat were discussed in detail.

Bioturbation Effects of Benthic Fish on Soil Microorganism of Paddy Field

[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.

Microstructure evolution and grain growth behavior of Ti14 alloy during semi-solid isothermal process

Microstructure evolution of Ti14 （α＋Ti2Cu） alloy during semi-solid isothermal process at different temperatures was investigated. The results reveal that both the temperature and holding time have effect on the grain growth behavior. The grains grow obviously and the degree of globularity increases with the increase of holding time. According to the statistic analysis of experimental data, the grain growth indices are 0.88 and 0.97 at 1 000 ℃ and 1 050 ℃, respectively, which indicates that increasing isothermal temperature would accelerate microstructural evolution.

Flow behavior and microstructure of ZK60 magnesium alloy compressed at high strain rate

Flow behavior and microstructure of a homogenized ZK60 magnesium alloy were investigated during compression in the temperature range of 250-400 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.1-50 s^-1. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization （DRX） developed mainly at grain boundaries at lower strain rate （0.1-1 s^-1）, while in the case of higher strain rate （10-50 s^-1）, DRX occurred extensively both at twins and grain boundaries at all temperature range, especially at temperature lower than 350 ℃, which resulted in a more homogeneous microstructure than that under other deformation conditions. The DRX extent determines the hot workability of the workpiece, therefore, hot deformation at the strain rate of 10-50 s^-1 and in the temperature range of 250-350 ℃ was desirable for ZK60 alloy. Twin induced DRX during high strain rate compression included three steps. Firstly, twins with high dislocation subdivided the initial grain, then dislocation arrays subdivided the twins into subgrains, and after that DRX took place with a further increase of strain.

Antennal morphology of the cicada Meimuna mongolica (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), with a deduction of its nymphal instars and discussion of the antennal morphological variations in relation to niche changes

The morphology of antennal sensilla of both nymphs and adults in the cicada Meimuna mongolica （Distant） were studied. Four instars of M. mongolica （Distant） were preliminarily determined using Dyar＇s rule and a regression analysis of the head width of nymphs, combined with the comparative morphology of antennae of different stage nymphs and adults. The antennae of nymphs in different instars and adults show great morphological variations. The numbers, types and distribution of antennal sensilla in nymphs and adults of M. mongolica are significantly different, which should be closely related to the niche changes of the nymphs and adults, and provide implications for the development stages of this cicada.

Obsevation for Epidermal Ultrastructure of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing under Scanning Electron Microscope

[Objective]The experiment aimed to explore a new way for observing surface structure of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [Method] The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the epidermal ultrastructure of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [ Result] The epidermis of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing showed mixture structure of fibril colloid which was reticular arranged. The difference between wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing was that the outer epidermis of cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing had trichome distribution but the wild Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing did not has such distribution. The obsevation results of under smaller than 10 μm by scanning electron microscope was touched thick and showed many folds and distortions. [ Conclusion] The scanning electron microscope was an effective way to study development of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing colony and it was worth popularizing.

Effects of Combinations of Two of Three Different Probiotics on Pond Water Quality

In order to provide reference for probiotics application in aquaculture, Bacillus subtilis （A）, Streptococcus faecalis （B） and photosynthetic bacteria （C） were prepared according to the ratios of 9：1, 4：1, 1：1, 1：4 and 1：9 with 10^5 cfu/ml as the unit of concentration into 15 mixed microecological preparations, and their effects on COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and sulfide in pond water were investigated. The results showed that the mixed preparation of B. subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 1：4 had the best effect in treating COD （P〈0.05）, the mixed preparation of B. subtilis and S. faecalis at a ratio of 4：1 showed the best effect in treating ammonia nitrogen （P〈0.05）, the mixed preparation of S. faecalis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 4：1 showed the best effect in treating nitrite nitrogen （P〈0.05）, and the mixed preparation of Streptococcus faecalis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 9：1 had the best effect of reducing sulfide （P〈0.05）.

Probiotics in hepatology

The paper provides a basic review of intestinal microflora and its importance in liver diseases. The intestinal microflora has many important functions, above all to maintain the microbial barrier against established as well as potential pathogens. Furthermore, it influences the motility and perfusion of the intestinal wall, stimu- lates the intestinal immune system and therefore also the so-called common mucosal immune system, reducing bacterial translocation and producing vitamins. Immune homeostasis at mucosal level results from a controlled response to intestinal luminal antigens. In liver cirrhosis, there are many changes in its function, mostly an increase in bacterial overgrowth and translocation. In this review, probiotics and their indications in hepatology are generally discussed. According to recent knowledge, these preparations are indicated in clinical practice only for cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Probiotics are able to decrease the permeability of the intestinal wall, and decrease bacterial translocation and endotoxemia in animal models as well as in clinical studies, which is extremely important in the prevention of complications of liver cirrhosis and infection after liver transplantation. Probiotics could limit oxidative and inflammatory liver damage and, in some situations, improve the histological state, and thus non-alcoholic steatohepatitis could be considered as another possible indication.