乡村“微自治”:实践检视与路径建构--基于“治理有效”的分析视角

“治理有效”是实施乡村振兴战略的基础,也是对乡村治理提出的新的改革要求。将“微自治”置于“治理有效”的视域下进行检视,发现乡村“微自治”模式虽然在凝聚自治主体共识度、保障自治过程有序性、提升自治功能有效性等方面产生积极作用,但其实践机制也存在不利于多元主体有效参与、阻碍多元主体合作互动关系的建立、难以实现公共利益最大化等实践限度。基于实现“治理有效”的目标导向,乡村“微自治”需要立足其实践优势,从促进传统文化的现代性转换、推动正式制度与非正式制度的有机结合、推动自治实践向更高层次发展等方面实施进一步优化。

社区“微自治”的两种逻辑及其优化路径——基于苏州市S街道的案例分析

社区“微自治”作为一种微单元内的精细化治理模式,是对社区治理的延伸与发展。苏州市高新区S街道在推进社区“微自治”过程中分别采用了居委会主导(行政逻辑)与社会组织主导(自治逻辑)两种不同的方式,体现了国家创制社会与国家培育社会两种不同的治理意图,相应地形成了不同的治理效果。与此同时,社区“微自治”也出现了异化效应:如治理精细化导致社区居委会结构“复杂化”,指标驱使导致社会组织“形式化”,社区精英主导导致治理“寡头化”,多元利益掣肘导致力量“离散化”。社区“微自治”不同效果及异化效应揭示了行动结构与功能输出之间的因果性关联。因而,需要从体制、机制层面,优化社区“微自治”的运行环境,提升其治理效果。

乡村“微自治”:价值、困境及化解路径

实践表明,以自然村或村民小组为自治基本单元的乡村"微自治"是实现乡村振兴的战略需要。作为村民自治的重要实现方式,乡村"微自治"因具有内生的强大自治活力,对于发挥农民的自治主体作用,破除建制村自治长期以来难以"落地"的窘境和增强乡村治理的有效性,其作用是显而易见的。然而,乡村"微自治"又存在民主协商的基因易被阉割、自治权易被行政力量消解以及自治重心下移导致民主自治的褊狭等问题,而且可能与农村集体产权制度改革所要达到"政经分离"的发展方向和国家治理现代化的路径相背离。因此,在坚持自治为基础的前提下,寻求社会与行政、自治与他治的合作治理和良性互动,是乡村"微自治"持续有效运行的根本路径。

社会治理重心下移背景下农村“微自治”的运行逻辑--基于“一组两会”实践的扎根理论分析

基层治理是国家治理的基石,自治单元下沉是社会治理重心下移的着力点。作为村民自治的有益补充,“微自治”以治理基本单元下沉为手段,通过缩小治理单元、拓宽参与渠道激发基层自治活力,是基层社会治理创新本土化实践的探索。文章通过深度访谈获得原始数据,应用扎根理论进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,形成概念与范畴,并以此考察广西“一组两会”协商自治实践。研究发现,党政力量的积极推动、村民的内生性需求、程序的规范性建设和资金的充足性保障是农村“微自治”运行的影响因素。其中,党政力量的积极推动是外部情境因素,村民的内生性需求是动力因素,程序的规范性建设是行动策略,资金的充足性保障是条件因素。基于此,初步构建了自治单元下沉的“情境—动力—行动—条件”模型。

后疫情时代乡村“微自治”的现状及路径探析

十九大以来,乡村振兴战略的实施,要求充分发挥农民的积极性、主动性。“新冠”疫情防控期间,乡村“微自治”作为乡村自治的重要实现方式,对于发挥村民的主人翁精神,激发村民参与疫情防控工作的热情,保证自身的共同利益,提高基层组织防控疫情工作的效率有着不可或缺的意义。但是,乡村“微自治”在疫情防控期间还存在着在实施过程中容易受到传统的家族观念影响、自治内容和范围狭窄以及被行政化现象严重的问题。因此,研究乡村“微自治”在“新冠”疫情防控期间的积极效应和运行困境,并且找到乡村“微自治”有效路径,对打赢疫情防卫战具有重要意义。

新时代党建引领社区服务“微自治”模式探究——以北京市丰台区怡然家园社区为例

社区治理是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础性工作,是城市治理的“最后一公里”。针对社区服务主体多元化、社区居民参与社区服务意愿弱、社区服务建设机制不健全等问题,北京市丰台区怡然家园社区通过党建创新、认真实践,探索出一条社区治理服务的“微自治”模式,为北京市乃至全国社区治理提供了宝贵经验。

乡村振兴战略视域下的村民“微自治”

实现有效的村民自治是实施乡村振兴战略的重要内容。近年来,为了解决行政村范畴村民自治虚化、异化等问题,各地在深化村民自治实践中提出可以推动治理重心下沉、以自然村或村民小组为基本单元开展的“微自治”。“微自治”能够满足村民自治有效运行所需的各种内在条件,包括提供利益关联、文化共识、空间基础、适当的组织规模等。但是,在推进“微自治”的过程中,还会面临自治载体行政化、自治范畴萎缩降级、自治方式重回乡贤治理等新的风险。对此,可以从提高自治载体相对独立性、持续推进行政村层面自治协同发展、将现代民主理念融入村民自治实践等方面入手进行有效化解。

农村社区“微自治”运行机制研究——以X社区为例

下沉自治重心为解决村民自治问题提供了新思路和新方向。本文以X社区"微自治"为研究对象探究如何构建农村社区"微自治"运行机制,研究发现X社区"微自治"形成了政府管理、村两委支持、村民小组自我服务、村民参与、村民小组与村委互动以及村民小组与村民互动六大运行机制,以为能为其他地区农村社区开展"微自治"工作提供借鉴。

On Some Fundamental Theorems in Stability Theory

This paper gives several fundamental theorems for the stability, uniform stability, asymptotic stability and uniform asymptotic stability. Those theorems allow the derivative of Lyapunov functions to be positive on certain sets,relax the restriction about the rate of change of state variable in a system to be bounded in Marachkov's theorem and extend the related results in [4—7].

Analysis on Chemical Compositions in Chinese Wolfberry from Different Producing Areas

[Objective] This study aimed to conduct correspondence cluster analysis of the trace elements in Chinese wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia regions, and to investigate the relationship among the quality of the wolfberry samples, the composition of trace elements and the sample sources. [Method] The determined contents of trace elements and ratios of zinc to copper （Zn/Cu） of wolfberry from 11 different producing areas of Qinghai and Ningxia regions were adopted to construct the raw measurement data matrix, to analyze the distribution characteristics of the trace ele- ments in wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia by using the corresponding cluster analysis method. [Result] The quality of wolfberry samples in 7hongning County, Zhongwei City, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, Heicheng Town of Ningxia Hui Au-tonomous Region and Hehuang Valley, Golmud City of Qinghai Province is mainly related to the contents of Zn and Mn; Zn/Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Dulan County of Qinghai Province; Fe has great effect on the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Yinchuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Nuomuhong Village of Qinghai Province and a wolfberry research institute in Ningxia. [Conclusion] The relationship between the quality of wolfberry from different producing areas and the trace elements was investigated, which provides theoretical and practical basis for the cultivation, har- vesting, processing, and further development and utilization of Chinese wolfberry resources from different producing areas.

Positive Periodic Solutions for Nonautonomous Differential Equations with Delay

By utilizing a fixed point theorem on cone, some new results on the existence ofpositive periodic solutions for nonautonomous differential equations with delay are derived.

Low-Storage Runge-Kutta Method for Simulating Time-Dependent Quantum Dynamics

A wide range of quantum systems are time-invariant and the corresponding dynamics is dic- tated by linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Although simple in math- ematical concept, the integration of these equations is usually complicated in practice for complex systems, where both the computational time and the memory storage become limit- ing factors. For this reason, low-storage Runge-Kutta methods become increasingly popular for the time integration. This work suggests a series of s-stage sth-order explicit Runge- Kutta methods specific for autonomous linear equations, which only requires two times of the memory storage for the state vector. We also introduce a 13-stage eighth-order scheme for autonomous linear equations, which has optimized stability region and is reduced to a fifth-order method for general equations. These methods exhibit significant performance improvements over the previous general-purpose low-stage schemes. As an example, we ap- ply the integrator to simulate the non-Markovian exciton dynamics in a 15-site linear chain consisting of perylene-bisimide derivatives.

Vector Product and an Integrable Dynamical System

We study an autonomous system of first order ordinary differential equations based on the vector product. We show that the system is completely integrable by constructing the first integrals.The connection with Nambu mechanics is established.The extension to higher dimensions is also discussed.

The Existence of Periodic Orbits for Higher Dimensional Autonomous Systemswith Small Perturbations

By means of theory of toplogical degree in nonlinear functional analysis combining with qualitative analysis method in ordinary differential equations, we discuss the existence of nontrivial periodic orbits for higher dimensional autonomous system with small perturbations.

Existence of positive solutions in a delay logistic difference equation

The author studied the existence of positive solutions of the delay logistic difference equation Δ y n=p ny n(1-y τ(n) ), n =0,1,2,.... where { p n } is a sequence of positive real numbers, { τ(n) } is a nondecreasing sequence of integers, τ(n)<n and lim n →∞ τ(n) =∞. A sufficient condition for the existence of positive solutions of the equation was given.

EXPERIENCE OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT IN 520 PATIENTS WITH INTRACR ANIALANEURYSMS

Objective.To summarize the experience of minim ally invasive treatment in 520patie nts with intracranial aneurysms on a retrospective study.Methods.The measures used in the treatment of520patients were reviewed in terms o f timing of surgery,induced-hypotensive anesthesia,b rain protection combined with temporal occlusion of the feeding artery,exter-nal drainage of CSF,dynamic monitoring of intracranial pressure,blood flow velocity,serum osmolality and CT scanning,anti-vasospasm therapy a s well as selected interventional en dovascular embolization of aneurysms.Results.Of the 520patients,485were treated with either direct clipping or endov ascular embolization and35patients were treated non-surgic ally.In 449patients undergoing dir ect clipping and 36undergoing endov ascu-lar embolization,intraoperative r upture of aneurysm occurred in 27(6.0%)and 0%,respectively.Death oc-curred in 13(2.6%),hemiplegia in 8(1.6%),and vegetative state in 2(0.4%).The operative mortality of direct clipping was 3.8%in 210patie nts before 1990and 1.8%in 275patien ts after 1990(36patients undergo-ing endovascular embolization,the operative mortality was 0%).Conclusion.The outcome of patients with intracranial aneurysms can be markedly impr oved and the opera-tive mortality can be lowered by mini mally invasive treatment.

Existence of almost periodic solutions to a class of non- autonomous functional integro-differential stochastic equations

In this paper, a class of non-autonomous functional integro-differential stochastic equations in a real separable Hilbert space is studied. When the operators A（t） satisfy Acquistapace-Terreni conditions, and with some suitable assumptions, the existence and uniqueness of a square-mean almost periodic mild solution to the equations are obtained.

“祭龙”议事与乡村治理

“祭龙”作为一种民间信仰祭祀活动对村民的行为具有一定的规范作用。“祭龙”议事诞生于“祭龙”活动过程中,通过召开“当家人”会议而启动,会议议程包括商议村寨事务管理办法、制定村规民约、确定“会头”人选等事项,一定程度上发挥着村民会议的议事决策功能。“祭龙”议事是村民自治的“微观化”,其主要特征为自治的主体范围限缩、自治内容更加细化与自治方式更加具体。作为一项民间禁忌,“祭龙”表征着村民对超自然力量的敬畏与恐惧心理的延续,随着时代的发展又融入了平等、民主与自治精神,是传统与现代的结合。“祭龙”议事的合理性性使其在追求效率的同时注重主体精神追求,体现公平与民主,是主体工具理性与价值理性的双重表达。作为“微自治”的创新形式,其有助于弥补村民委员会自治的不足,助力乡村善治。

Solution procedure of residue harmonic balance method and its applications

This paper presents a simple and rigorous solution procedure of residue harmonic balance for predicting the accurate approximation of certain autonomous ordinary differential systems.In this solution procedure,no small parameter is assumed.The harmonic residue of balance equation is separated in two parts at each step.The first part has the same number of Fourier terms as the present order of approximation and the remaining part is used in the subsequent improvement.The corrections are governed by linear ordinary differential equation so that they can be solved easily by means of harmonic balance method again.Three kinds of different differential equations involving general,fractional and delay ordinary differential systems are given as numerical examples respectively.Highly accurate limited cycle frequency and amplitude are captured.The results match well with the exact solutions or numerical solutions for a wide range of control parameters.Comparison with those available shows that the residue harmonic balance solution procedure is very effective for these autonomous differential systems.Moreover,the present method works not only in predicting the amplitude but also the frequency of bifurcated period solution for delay ordinary differential equation.

ALMOST PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF NEUTRAL FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH NONAUTONOMOUS OPERATOR

This paper presents some existence theorems on almost periodic solutions for almost periodicneutral functional differential equation and its perturbed systems by means of Liapunov functional, and extends the corresponding results in 12,4,5,10,11].