Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development ...Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development has been achieved. ISD starts by （1） measuring the individual indicators of a sustainability strategy; （2） then measures the subordinate themes or pillars, which contain these indicators; （3） and finally measures the total system, consisting of the sum of the themes. The ISD provides quantified information for each of these levels for the public and political decision makers. The ISD is used to analyze as an example the sustainability of the German Energy sector, based on the targets the German Government set in its 2002 sustainability strategy.展开更多
Caused by its multi purpose applicability in different areas of the energy system, biogas is an important source for the concept of ＂Energy Turnaround for Sustainability＂. To clarify the regional risks for biogas pr...Caused by its multi purpose applicability in different areas of the energy system, biogas is an important source for the concept of ＂Energy Turnaround for Sustainability＂. To clarify the regional risks for biogas production due to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） （Dw） results from the questionnaire on the current situation of the biogas plants in Germany are compared to our Dvv monitoring experiences and literature data. Maize silage is the main source for biogas production in Germany. Dvv is the most important maize pest within the United States. It also was monitored in different German States during the last years. The Dvv infestation risk and consequent damages are closely linked to the percentage of maize within the regional crop rotations scheme. Maize cropping within a monocultural production can lead to a significant harvest reduction of 30% to 80% after the outbreak of Dvv, especially in dry years. A high risk to the biogas production based on silage maize especially in some areas in North West and in southern Germany has been detected. Further research is needed focusing on （1） strategies to control Dvv, （2） development in alternative energy crops regarding their susceptibility to Dvv and （3） development of technologies along the process chains for using alternative substrates, especially residues from plant production.展开更多
文摘Sustainable development is a crucial element for the future of the world and a keystone of the international agenda. The Index of Sustainable Development （ISD） calculates the degree to which sustainable development has been achieved. ISD starts by （1） measuring the individual indicators of a sustainability strategy; （2） then measures the subordinate themes or pillars, which contain these indicators; （3） and finally measures the total system, consisting of the sum of the themes. The ISD provides quantified information for each of these levels for the public and political decision makers. The ISD is used to analyze as an example the sustainability of the German Energy sector, based on the targets the German Government set in its 2002 sustainability strategy.
文摘Caused by its multi purpose applicability in different areas of the energy system, biogas is an important source for the concept of ＂Energy Turnaround for Sustainability＂. To clarify the regional risks for biogas production due to Diabrotica virgifera virgifera （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） （Dw） results from the questionnaire on the current situation of the biogas plants in Germany are compared to our Dvv monitoring experiences and literature data. Maize silage is the main source for biogas production in Germany. Dvv is the most important maize pest within the United States. It also was monitored in different German States during the last years. The Dvv infestation risk and consequent damages are closely linked to the percentage of maize within the regional crop rotations scheme. Maize cropping within a monocultural production can lead to a significant harvest reduction of 30% to 80% after the outbreak of Dvv, especially in dry years. A high risk to the biogas production based on silage maize especially in some areas in North West and in southern Germany has been detected. Further research is needed focusing on （1） strategies to control Dvv, （2） development in alternative energy crops regarding their susceptibility to Dvv and （3） development of technologies along the process chains for using alternative substrates, especially residues from plant production.
