吴澄心性修养论刍议

吴澄的心性修养之方,重视"心"学在德性修养中对于道德主体意识发掘的重要作用,不同意朱熹将"理"与"心"看作是两物的思想。他吸收了陆九渊的"发明本心"思想,又摒弃其离却事物、专守于心的空虚倾向,补之以朱熹"即物穷理"的为学功夫。在和会朱陆之学的基础上,吴澄提出了自己以"心事不离"为主要特征的心性修养说,从而克服了朱、陆两家在德性修养问题上的偏颇,弥补了两家在心性修养践履方面的不足。吴澄"心事不离"的理学心性论沟通朱陆,在一定程度上形成了自己的特色。

Left atrial area index predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Background The left atrial size has been considered as a useful marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is not well known whether left atrial area index （LAAI） has predictive value for prognosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris （UAP）. This study was aimed to assess the association between LAAI and outcomes in UAP patients. Methods We enrolled a total of 391 in-hospital patients diag- nosed as UAP. Clinical and echocardiographic data at baseline were collected. The patients were followed for the development of ad- verse cardiovascular （CV） events, including hospital readmission for angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, congestive heart failure （CHF）, stroke and all-cause mortality. Results During a mean follow-up time of 26.3±8.6 months, 98 adverse CV events occurred （84 hospital readmission for angina pectoris, four AMI, four CHF, one stroke and five all-cause mortality）. In a multivariate Cox model, LAAI [OR： 1.140, 95% CI： 1.01±1.279, P = 0.026], diastolic blood pressure （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.956-0.996, P = 0.020） and pulse pressure （OR 1.020, 95% CI： 1.007-1.034, P = 0.004） were independent predictors for adverse CV events in UAP patients. Conclusions LAAI is a predictor of adverse CV events independent of clinical and other echocardiographic parameters in UAP patients.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with fragmented QRS complex and J wave in resting electrocardiogram

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation （IVF） with fragmented QRS complex （f-QRS） and J wave in resting electrocardiogram. Methods We reviewed data from 21 case subjects in our hospital who were resuscitated after cardiac arrest due to IVF and assessed the prevalence of f-QRS and J wave in resting electrocardiogram （ECG）. All the case subjects were classified among three groups based on the electrocardiographic morphology： group I, both f-QRS and J wave were observed （n = 6）, group II, only J wave was observed （n = 9）, group III, neither f-QRS nor J wave was observed （n = 6）. Population characteristics, history of syncope or sudden cardiac arrest, incidence of ventricular fibrillation （VF）, and circumstance of VF were evaluated among the three groups. Results The incidence of index events （syncope, survived cardiac arrest and VF episodes recorded in implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） or pacemakers） was 13.4 ~ 5.6 per-year in group I, 10.8 ~ 3.9 per-year in group II, and 9.8 -4- 4.2 per-year in group HI. There were significant differences in incidences among the three groups, the most frequent index events were observed in group I. The hazard ratio for incidence was 3.2 （95%CI, 1.1-7.9; P = 0.01）. The history and circumstance of the index events were different among the groups. In group I, all the index events occurred during sleep in early morning. In group II, four subjects suffered VF during strenuous physical activities or agitation state, two during sleep in early morning, three in usual activity. In group III, one subject suffered VF during sleep in early morning, one in agitation state, four in usual activity. Conclusions This study suggests that the IVF patients with the combined appearance of f-QRS and J wave in the resting ECG suffer an increased risk of VF, this subgroup of IVF patients has a unique clinical feature.

Comments to ＂Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio compared to N-terminal pro- brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic marker of adverse events in elderly patients with chronic heart failure＂

We have read the article which entitled ＂Neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio compared to N-terminal pro-brain natri- uretic peptide as a prognostic marker of adverse events in elderly patients with chronic heart failure＂ published in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology with great interest, However, we have some comments regarding this study.

The relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and major cardiovascular events in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

We have read with great interest a reader＇s letter that ad- dresses several important topics.

Association between preoperative high sensitive troponin I levels and cardiovascular events after hip fracture surgery in the elderly

Objective Cardiovascular complications contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality in elderly hip fracture patients. Limited data are available regarding which preoperative risk factors predict cardiovascular course following hip fracture surgery （HFS）. We used high sensitive troponin I （hs-TnI） assays and clinical parameters to identify preoperative risk factors associated with major adverse cardiac events （MACE） in elderly hip frac^u＇e patients. Method From August 2014 to November 2016, 575 patients with hip fracture were enrolled in a retrospective, single-center registry. A total of 262 of these patients underwent HFS and hs-TnI assays. MACE was defined as postoperative all-cause deaths, heart failure （HF）, new-onset atrial fibrillation （AF）, myocardial infarction （MI） and cardiovascular re-hospitalization that occurred within 90 days postoperative. Results Of 262 HFS patients, MACE developed following HFS in 65 （24.8%）. Patients with MACE were older and had higher rates of renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, prior HF, low left ventricular ejection fraction and use of beta blockers; higher levels of hs-Tnl and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and higher revised cardiac risk index. A preoperative hs-TnI≥ 6.5 ng/L was associated with high risk of postoperative HF, new-onset AF and MACE. In multivariable analysis, pre-operative independent predictors for MACE were age 〉 80 years [adjusted hazard ratio （HR）： 1.79, 95% confident interval （CI）： 1.03-3.13, P = 0.04], left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） 〈 50% （adjusted HR： 3.17, 95% CI： 1.47-5.82, P 〈 0.01） and hs-TnI 〉 6.5 ng/L （adjusted HR： 3.75, 95% CI： 2.09~5.17, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion In elderly patients with hip fracture who undergo HFS, a preoperative assessment of hs-TnI may help the risk refinement of cardiovascular complications.

Effects of adjuvant Chinese patent medicine therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris:a population-based retrospective cohort study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) angina pectoris and improving clinical effectiveness and provide evidence for its use as clinical adjuvant therapy.Methods: Twenty-eight thousand five hundred and seventeen patients hospitalized with CHD angina pectoris from 6 hospitals were divided into CPM group(n = 11,374) and non-CPM group(n = 17,143) to evaluate the incidence of MACE, including myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting.Results: The incidence of MACE in the CPM group was lower than that in the non-CPM group. CPM therapy was an independent protective factor that reduced the overall risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval(0.33;0.49)]. Patients in the CPM group who received one, two, or three types of CPM could benefit from adjuvant treatment with CPM, and taking more types of CPM was associated with a lower risk of MACE. In addition, the male population was better than the female population at taking CPM, and middle-aged people aged 55 to 64 were more suited to take CPM based on Western medicine.Conclusions: The use of CPM as adjuvant therapy can decrease the occurrence of MACE in patients with CHD angina pectoris,especially in men and middle-aged people, and the drug treatment plan should be optimized accordingly. However, this conclusion needs further verification by prospective cohort studies in the future.

Evaluation of Road Accidents in Pristina in the Period 2009-2012

Approximately 15,000-17,000 thousand people die worldwide in traffic accidents as a consequence of all types of injuries. This study has a descriptive nature. It is based on data obtained from archives including the treatment database of the Emergency Center. The period January 2009 to December 2012 has been considered for this research. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of fatal road traffic accidents in Pristine, Kosovo, and describe their determinants. The number of injured in traffic accidents who have sought emergency medical assistance in the Emergency Center from January 2009 to December 2012 is increasing significantly. It is concluded that except reasons mentioned above and among others, there also are the following factors： enormous increase of number of persons equipped with driving license, driving speeds above limits which are considered to be the primary cause of the road traffic accidents. These findings can serve as a basis for health care professionals and policymakers to create preventive measures for traffic accidents.

Health care exploration work for the military empty nest old cadres

In recent years, the retired veteran cadres have grown older and older, and their numbers have also increased year by year. In this case, how to maintain the physical and mental health of empty nest veteran cadre, and further improve the quality of their life has been a realistic problem many primary health care doctors have to face and solve.

Influenza vaccination in acute coronary syndromes patients in Thailand： the cost-effectiveness analysis of the prevention for cardiovascular events and pneumonia

Background Influenza vaccination has been clinically shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome （ACS） patients, but the economic perspectives can provide important data to make informed decisions. This study aimed to perform the economic evaluation of lifelong annual influenza vaccination for cardiovascular events and well-established pneumonia prevention. Methods Lifetime costs, life-expectancy, and quality-adjusted live years （QALYs） were estimated beyond one-year cycle length of a six-health states Markov model condition on whether a hospitalization for ACS, stroke, heart failure, pneumonia, no hospitalizations occurred, or death. The comparison of three age-groups of 40-49, 50-65, and 〉 65 years scenario was performed. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） and net monetary benefit （NMB） were presented as a societal perspective in 2016. The model robustness was determined by one-way and prob- abilistic sensitivity analyses. Results The influenza vaccination was cost-effective in all age-groups, by dominant ICERs （lower cost with higher effectiveness） which was completely lower than acceptable willingness-to-pay threshold of Thailand [160,000 THB （4,466.8 USD） per QALYs], with a great incremental value of NMB. Especially, the 50-year-old-and- above scenario was shown as the most benefit at 129,092 THB （3,603.9 USD） for each patient. Conclusions The annually additional influenza vaccination to standard treatment in ACS was cost-effective in all age-groups, which should be considered in clinical practice and health-policy making process.

Causation mechanism of coal miners' human errors in the perspective of life events

In order to effectively decrease the safety accidents caused by coal miners’human errors,this paper probes into the causality between human errors and life events,coping,psychological stress,psychological function,physiological function based on life events’vital influence on human errors,establishing causation mechanism model of coal miners’human errors in the perspective of life events by the researching method of structural equation.The research findings show that life events have significantly positive influence on human errors,with a influential effect value of 0.7945 and a influential effect path of‘‘life events—psychological stress—psychological function—physiological function—human errors’’and‘‘life events—psychological stress—physiological function—human errors’’.

The Land Question and Catholic-Anglican Relations in Buha, Western Tanzania： The White Fathers and C.M.S. Experience, 1934-1959

Land was important--in the course of spreading and seeking new converts--for both Missionaries of Africa （White Fathers） and Church Missionary Society （C.M.S.） in Buha, Western Tanzania. This paper examines the land question as one of the challenges that the White Fathers encountered in their attempt to evangelize communities in Western Tanzania. I argue that the land question remained throughout the late-colonial period one of the unresolved issues, and at some mission stations, impeded the activities of the White Fathers and C.M.S. missionaries. This paper relies on archival documents first, to examine the land question and White Fathers-C.M.S. relations in Buha from 1934 to 1959. Second, I intend to demonstrate the fact that land issues remained at the heart of the missionary enterprise in Buha. Both Catholic and Anglican missionaries were determined to have more mission plots for medical, education and religious purposes.

Political Implications of Emergency Management

This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs （community development corporations） to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.

The Roots of Psychological Trauma and Post-TraumaticStress Reaction/Disorders and the Intervention

Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals＇ inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.

The Benefit of a Punitive God： The Story of Ananias and Sapphira

In this narrative, we explore the story of Ananias and Sapphira from the book of Acts in the Christian scriptures. We examine the story in the light of a recent hook by Dominic Johnson （2016）, God Is Watching You, and other related research. The idea of a punitive God and/or the belief in a punitive God may have significant effects on group functioning. The troubling story of Ananias and Sapphira may be seen as a central cog in the cooperative coming together of what became the Christian Church. In our modem world, a punitive God is an idea we seek to avoid but it may be the one that is essential for a peaceful cooperative world.

The main projects and development status of noise forecasting and controlling on working face in coal mine

Noise from the machine on coal working face seriously influenced the miners' physical and mental health, and also, due to the noise, there may be a major hidden danger in safety from accidents as all safety warning signals may be masked by the noise. This paper summarized the features of mine environmental noise on working face, such as the variety of noise sources, the continuity of high intensity and slow attenuation in narrow space, etc.The main projects about noise forecasting and controlling on working face was emphatically expounded;the development status about mines machinery noise mechanism and environmental noise acoustic characteristics of space-time of these main research topics were also introduced.

On the Differences of Information Presentation in Sino-US Straight News Reports About International Air Disasters

This paper compares the differences of information presentation in the straight news reports about international air disasters in ChD （China Daily） and NYT （The New York Times）. The type of straight news report is regarded as the most objective news report in the journalistic field. The purpose of this research is to find out the different journalistic cultures or orientations between Chinese and American newspapers when they report the same world event. This paper finds that ChD prefers to provide more information for the consequences of the event and reactions to it usually by making general and static statements. NYT attaches more importance to background introduction and is more liable to use detailed and dynamic description

Surface thermal centroid anomaly of the eastern equatorial Pacific as a unified Nio index

By analyzing the variability of global SST （sea surface temperature） anomalies, we propose a unified Nifio index using the surface thermal centroid anomaly of the region along the Pacific equator embraced by the 0.7~C contour line of the standard deviation of the SST anomalies and try to unify the traditional Nifio regions into a single entity. The unified Nifio region covers almost all of the traditional Nifio regions. The anomaly time series of the averaged SST over this region are closely correlated to historical Nifio indices. The anomaly time series of the zonal and meridional thermal centroid have close correlation with historical TNI （Trans-Nifio index） indices, showing differences among E1 Nifio （La Nifia） events. The meridional centroid anomaly suggests that areas of maximum temperature anomaly are moving meridionally （although slightly） with synchronous zonal movement. The zonal centroid anomalies of the unified Nifio region are found helpful in the classification of the Eastern Pacific （EP）/Central Pacific （CP） types of E1 Nifio events. More importantly, the zonal centroid anomaly shows that warm areas might move during a single warming/cooling phase. All the current Nifio indices can be well represented by a simple linear combination of unified Nifio indices, which suggests that the thermal anomaly （SSTA） and thermal centroid location anomaly of the unified Nifio region would yield a more complete image of each E1 Nifio/ La Nina event.

Prediction of risk of cardiovascular events in patients with mild to moderate coronary artery lesions using naive Bayesian networks

Background This prospective study integrated multiple clinical indexes and inflammatory markers associated with coronary atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque to establish a risk prediction model that can evaluate a patient with certain risk factors for the likelihood of the occurrence of a coronary heart disease event within one year. Methods This study enrolled in 2686 patients with mild to moderate coronary artery lesions. Eighty-five indexes were recorded, included baseline clinical data, laboratory studies, and procedural characteristics. During the 1-year follow-up, 233 events occurred, five patients died, four patients suffered a nonfatal myocardial infarction, four patients underwent revascularization, and 220 patients were readmitted for angina pectoris. The Risk Estimation Model and the Simplified Model were conducted using Bayesian networks and compared with the Single Factor Models. Results The area under the curve was 0.88 for the Bayesian Model and 0.85 for the Simplified Model, while the Single Factor Model had a maximum area under the curve of 0.65. Conclusion The new models can be used to assess the short-term risk of individual coronary heart disease events and may assist in guiding preventive care.