Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of we...Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of web technologies,web-based cognitive interventions have been implemented in the management and the alleviation of the SCI,the psychosocial distress,and the emotional distress in cancer survivors.This review aimed to summarize the intervention contents of web-based cognitive interventions for SCI,and to explore the effects of the interventions on SCI,psychosocial status,and emotional health.Methods:Six databases(CINAHL Plus,Cochrane Library,Embase,APA PsycInfo,PubMed and CNKI)were searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2023.Literature references were also manually searched for related articles.Results:This review contained 21 studies that covered the contents of web-based cognitive interventions,such as computer-assisted cognitive training,online cognitive rehabilitation,cognitive behavior therapy with the Internet,telehealth physical exercise,and web-based mindfulness interventions.The effects of web-based cognitive interventions positively impacted SCI for cancer survivors.Also,these interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness in alleviating psychosocial and emotional distresses.Conclusion:By summarizingfive types of cognitive intervention contents delivered via web technology,this review demonstrated that web-based cognitive interventions optimized SCI and overall psychosocial and emotional statuses for the cancer survivors.It is recommended that future research focus on the development of customized web-based cognitive interventions for individuals with SCI,along with their psychosocial and emotional statuses.展开更多
In English teaching, it is necessary to pay attention to students＇ psychology and cognition in order to make them harmonious and effective. Therefore, English teacher would change their teaching opinions, realizing t...In English teaching, it is necessary to pay attention to students＇ psychology and cognition in order to make them harmonious and effective. Therefore, English teacher would change their teaching opinions, realizing teaching object, guiding student＇s minds and ideas to study by some measures, such as accordant teaching and study, making students as a base in study, and students＇ self-study. In other words, making student study actively rather than passively is much better for their English abilities.展开更多
Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences betwee...Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences between good and poor heartbeat perceivers at attention and resting state.Methods Thirty channels of electroencephalogram（EEG）were recorded in 22 subjects,who had been subdivided into good and poor heartbeat perceivers by mental tracking task. Principal component analysis（PCA）was applied to remove cardiac field artifact（CFA）from the HEP.Results（1）The good heart-beat perceivers showed difference between attention and resting state in the windows from 250 ms to 450 ms after R wave at C3 location and from 100 ms to 300 ms after R wave at C4 location;（2）The difference waveforms between good and poor heartbeat perceivers was a positive waveform at FZ from 220 ms to 340 ms after R wave,which was more significant in attention state.Conclusion Attention state had more effect on the HEPs of good heartbeat perceivers than that of poor heartbeat perceivers;and perception ability influenced HEPs more strongly in the attention state than in the resting state.展开更多
Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to b...Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.展开更多
Definitive conclusions concerning the impact of exercise interventions on children＇s mental functioning are difficult to ascertain because of procedural differences among studies. A narrative review of studies was co...Definitive conclusions concerning the impact of exercise interventions on children＇s mental functioning are difficult to ascertain because of procedural differences among studies. A narrative review of studies was conducted to evaluate the role of two types of exercise interventions on children＇s cognition. Acute and chronic exercise interventions were classified as quantitative or qualitative on the basis of manipulations of task complexity and, by inference, mental engagement. Both types of interventions enhance aspects of children＇s cognition; however, their effects on metacognitive processes are unknown. The role of metacognitive processes and their regulation of children＇s behavior and academic performance are highlighted.展开更多
Objectives:This study aims to determine if patients with acute myocardial infarction differ in illness perception and secondary prevention outcomes depending on the treatment they received.Methods:A repeated measures ...Objectives:This study aims to determine if patients with acute myocardial infarction differ in illness perception and secondary prevention outcomes depending on the treatment they received.Methods:A repeated measures design was used to compare patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving three different treatment modalities:ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention,ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by thrombolytic therapy,and non ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by medication.A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 206 patients with acute myocardial infarction who agreed to participate in the current study.Patients'illness perception,physical activity,and demographical and clinical data were collected during hospital admission and again at 6 months.Results:A total of 186 patients completed the study.Results showed that the primary percutaneous coronary intervention group perceived their illness as acute rather than chronic(P=0.034)and has lower personal control(P=0.032),higher treatment control(P=0.025),and higher perception of illness coherence(P=0.022)compared with patients receiving thrombolytic therapy and treated after non-ST segment infarction.Moreover,they report low control of their blood pressure(P=0.013)and less physical activity(P=0.001).Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that patients'treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention had negative illness perception and limited behavioral changes 6 months after hospitalization in comparison with other treatment modalities such as percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic treatment.Further research is recommended to confirm this association with longer follow-up study and among different cultures.展开更多
Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin （the oldest Chinese instrument） music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential （ERP） data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task...Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin （the oldest Chinese instrument） music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential （ERP） data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task were recorded and analyzed. Results This study replicated the previous results of culture-familiar music effect on Chinese subjects： the greater P300 amplitude in frontal areas in a culture-familiar music environment. At the same time, the difference between guqin music and piano music was observed in NI and later positive complex （LPC： including P300 and P500）： a relatively higher participation of right anterior-temporal areas in Chinese subjects. Conclusion The results suggest that the special features of ERP responses to guqin music are the outcome of Chinese tonal language environments given the similarity between Guqin＇s tones and Mandarin lexical tones.展开更多
To the editor We read the article entitled Cognitive impairment in heart failure patients＇ by Leto, et al. with great interest. In this review, they demonstrated pathophysiological determinants of cognitive impairmen...To the editor We read the article entitled Cognitive impairment in heart failure patients＇ by Leto, et al. with great interest. In this review, they demonstrated pathophysiological determinants of cognitive impairment in heart failure （HF） population.展开更多
The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vib...The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vibration value of main sea water pump in the horizontal direction is abnormally high and malfunctions usually happen. Therefore, it is essential to make fault diagnosis of main sea water pump, By conventional off-line monitoring and vibration amplitude spectrum analysis, the fault cycle is found and the alarm value and stop value of equipment are set, which is helpful to equipment maintenance and accident prevention.展开更多
1 Introduction Prior to 1970,the slow,steady and substantial development of medical knowledge over centuries for improved well being and survival from birth was not matched by the elderly population.Since 1970,however...1 Introduction Prior to 1970,the slow,steady and substantial development of medical knowledge over centuries for improved well being and survival from birth was not matched by the elderly population.Since 1970,however,the elderly have also shared in these developments,exhibiting substantial improvement in survival among people over 60 years of age.It is also been since 1970 that geriatric cardiology has experienced dynamic progress.This is indicated by the US vital statistics,Table 1.展开更多
Purpose:The guidelines on the management of patients with heart failure support intensive patient education on self-care.The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term impacts of a structured educati...Purpose:The guidelines on the management of patients with heart failure support intensive patient education on self-care.The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term impacts of a structured education provided by a qualified heart failure nurse on patients'self-care behavior and disease knowledge.Methods:One hundred fifty patients(66±12 years)hospitalized for heart failure participated in a structured one-hour educational session by a heart failure nurse.Patients completed a questionnaire comprising 15 questions(nine questions from the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale[EHFScB-9]and six on the patients'disease knowledge)one day before and one day and six months after the educational session.Possible responses for each question ranged from 1(complete agreement)to 5(complete disagreement).Results:After the educational session,the total EHFScB-9 score improved from 24.31±6.98 to 14.94±6.22,and the disease knowledge score improved from 18.03±5.44 to 10.74±4.30(both P<0.001).Scores for individual questions ranged from 1.26±0.81(adherence to the medication protocol)to 3.66±1.58(everyday weighing habits)before the education.The greatest improvement after education was observed on response to weight gain(-2.00±1.57),daily weight control(—1.77±1.64),and knowledge on the cause of patients'heart failure(-1.53±1.43).At 6-month follow-up,EHFScB-9 score was 17.33±7.23 and knowledge score was 12.34±5.30(both P<0.001 compared with baseline).No factor was predictive of an insufficient teaching effect.Conclusions:The educational program led by a qualified nurse improves patients'self-care behavior and disease knowledge with a persistent effect at 6-month follow-up.There are no patient characteristics which preclude the implementation of an educational session.展开更多
Objectives:To identify the gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among chronic heart failure patients using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model.Methods:Two hundred and ten pat...Objectives:To identify the gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among chronic heart failure patients using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model.Methods:Two hundred and ten patients(54.0%female)with chronic heart failure participated in this cross-sectional study.Self-care,knowledge of heart failure,social support and illness perception were measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index,the questionnaire of heart failure knowledge,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,respectively.Results:Mean scores for self-care maintenance were 51.4±14.8 in men and 55.6±14.1 in women(t=-2.066,P<0.05).Associated factors of self-care maintenance were social support and self-care confidence in men and the knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women.The relationship between social support and self-care maintenance was meditated by selfcare confidence in men,whereas the relationship between knowledge of heart failure and self-care maintenance was meditated by self-care management and self-care confidence in women.Conclusions:Self-care maintenance were inadequate in both genders with chronic heart failure.Interventions for enhancing social support and self-care confidence in men patients,and strengthening knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women patients,may facilitate self-care maintenance.展开更多
Through reading Walter Benjamin＇s critical essay, Surrealism： The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia, the authors of this research would like to trace the key point of Surrealist aesthetics, particularly t...Through reading Walter Benjamin＇s critical essay, Surrealism： The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia, the authors of this research would like to trace the key point of Surrealist aesthetics, particularly the juxtapositions of visual objects in the city of London. Richard Aldington＇s two poems, London （May 1915） and Eros andPsyche, come to depict Surrealist image spheres, as their visual representations in words would show. The dialectical optic of the poet comes to reveal an allegorical synthesis, giving birth to new meanings. The city of London shows the irrational fusion of the opposites, in a way which a Surrealist reading of these two poems is able to construct a critical virtue.展开更多
This paper studies the address term translation from the cognitive perspective. Concerning the difficulties in rendering the cultural connotations in address terms, the author introduces experiential view and culture ...This paper studies the address term translation from the cognitive perspective. Concerning the difficulties in rendering the cultural connotations in address terms, the author introduces experiential view and culture model as the guidelines to solve the problems. The results show the significance of bridging the cultural gap in address term translation.展开更多
Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modern schema theory, th...Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modern schema theory, this paper focuses on its application in the three stages of interpretation practice. Schema plays a role in preparation before interpretation, which includes enhancing the interpreter＇s linguistic competence, and enlarging his storage of background information; schema influences performance during interpretation in terms of comprehension and note-taking; summary after interpretation is to supplement original schema. With the guidance of schema theory, interpretation practice can be carried out in an effective way.展开更多
A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, whic...A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China supports this review(No.82172844)The funder had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,manuscript preparation,or decision to publish.
文摘Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of web technologies,web-based cognitive interventions have been implemented in the management and the alleviation of the SCI,the psychosocial distress,and the emotional distress in cancer survivors.This review aimed to summarize the intervention contents of web-based cognitive interventions for SCI,and to explore the effects of the interventions on SCI,psychosocial status,and emotional health.Methods:Six databases(CINAHL Plus,Cochrane Library,Embase,APA PsycInfo,PubMed and CNKI)were searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2023.Literature references were also manually searched for related articles.Results:This review contained 21 studies that covered the contents of web-based cognitive interventions,such as computer-assisted cognitive training,online cognitive rehabilitation,cognitive behavior therapy with the Internet,telehealth physical exercise,and web-based mindfulness interventions.The effects of web-based cognitive interventions positively impacted SCI for cancer survivors.Also,these interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness in alleviating psychosocial and emotional distresses.Conclusion:By summarizingfive types of cognitive intervention contents delivered via web technology,this review demonstrated that web-based cognitive interventions optimized SCI and overall psychosocial and emotional statuses for the cancer survivors.It is recommended that future research focus on the development of customized web-based cognitive interventions for individuals with SCI,along with their psychosocial and emotional statuses.
文摘In English teaching, it is necessary to pay attention to students＇ psychology and cognition in order to make them harmonious and effective. Therefore, English teacher would change their teaching opinions, realizing teaching object, guiding student＇s minds and ideas to study by some measures, such as accordant teaching and study, making students as a base in study, and students＇ self-study. In other words, making student study actively rather than passively is much better for their English abilities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.30400105）；the National Basic Research Development Program（973）（No. 2003CB716106）；the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China（No.30525030）.
文摘Objective Early researches found that different heartbeat perceivers have different heartbeat evoked potential （HEP）waves.Two tasks were considered in our experiments to get more details about the differences between good and poor heartbeat perceivers at attention and resting state.Methods Thirty channels of electroencephalogram（EEG）were recorded in 22 subjects,who had been subdivided into good and poor heartbeat perceivers by mental tracking task. Principal component analysis（PCA）was applied to remove cardiac field artifact（CFA）from the HEP.Results（1）The good heart-beat perceivers showed difference between attention and resting state in the windows from 250 ms to 450 ms after R wave at C3 location and from 100 ms to 300 ms after R wave at C4 location;（2）The difference waveforms between good and poor heartbeat perceivers was a positive waveform at FZ from 220 ms to 340 ms after R wave,which was more significant in attention state.Conclusion Attention state had more effect on the HEPs of good heartbeat perceivers than that of poor heartbeat perceivers;and perception ability influenced HEPs more strongly in the attention state than in the resting state.
文摘Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.
文摘Definitive conclusions concerning the impact of exercise interventions on children＇s mental functioning are difficult to ascertain because of procedural differences among studies. A narrative review of studies was conducted to evaluate the role of two types of exercise interventions on children＇s cognition. Acute and chronic exercise interventions were classified as quantitative or qualitative on the basis of manipulations of task complexity and, by inference, mental engagement. Both types of interventions enhance aspects of children＇s cognition; however, their effects on metacognitive processes are unknown. The role of metacognitive processes and their regulation of children＇s behavior and academic performance are highlighted.
文摘Objectives:This study aims to determine if patients with acute myocardial infarction differ in illness perception and secondary prevention outcomes depending on the treatment they received.Methods:A repeated measures design was used to compare patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving three different treatment modalities:ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention,ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by thrombolytic therapy,and non ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated by medication.A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 206 patients with acute myocardial infarction who agreed to participate in the current study.Patients'illness perception,physical activity,and demographical and clinical data were collected during hospital admission and again at 6 months.Results:A total of 186 patients completed the study.Results showed that the primary percutaneous coronary intervention group perceived their illness as acute rather than chronic(P=0.034)and has lower personal control(P=0.032),higher treatment control(P=0.025),and higher perception of illness coherence(P=0.022)compared with patients receiving thrombolytic therapy and treated after non-ST segment infarction.Moreover,they report low control of their blood pressure(P=0.013)and less physical activity(P=0.001).Conclusion:The results of this study revealed that patients'treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention had negative illness perception and limited behavioral changes 6 months after hospitalization in comparison with other treatment modalities such as percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolytic treatment.Further research is recommended to confirm this association with longer follow-up study and among different cultures.
文摘Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin （the oldest Chinese instrument） music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential （ERP） data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task were recorded and analyzed. Results This study replicated the previous results of culture-familiar music effect on Chinese subjects： the greater P300 amplitude in frontal areas in a culture-familiar music environment. At the same time, the difference between guqin music and piano music was observed in NI and later positive complex （LPC： including P300 and P500）： a relatively higher participation of right anterior-temporal areas in Chinese subjects. Conclusion The results suggest that the special features of ERP responses to guqin music are the outcome of Chinese tonal language environments given the similarity between Guqin＇s tones and Mandarin lexical tones.
文摘To the editor We read the article entitled Cognitive impairment in heart failure patients＇ by Leto, et al. with great interest. In this review, they demonstrated pathophysiological determinants of cognitive impairment in heart failure （HF） population.
文摘The main sea water pump is the key equipment for the floating production storage and offloading （FPSO）. Affected by some factors such as hull deformation, sea water corrosion, rigid base and pipeline stress, the vibration value of main sea water pump in the horizontal direction is abnormally high and malfunctions usually happen. Therefore, it is essential to make fault diagnosis of main sea water pump, By conventional off-line monitoring and vibration amplitude spectrum analysis, the fault cycle is found and the alarm value and stop value of equipment are set, which is helpful to equipment maintenance and accident prevention.
文摘1 Introduction Prior to 1970,the slow,steady and substantial development of medical knowledge over centuries for improved well being and survival from birth was not matched by the elderly population.Since 1970,however,the elderly have also shared in these developments,exhibiting substantial improvement in survival among people over 60 years of age.It is also been since 1970 that geriatric cardiology has experienced dynamic progress.This is indicated by the US vital statistics,Table 1.
基金supported by a grant of the German Foundation for the Chronically Ill,Alexander strasse 26,90762 Furth,Germany.
文摘Purpose:The guidelines on the management of patients with heart failure support intensive patient education on self-care.The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term impacts of a structured education provided by a qualified heart failure nurse on patients'self-care behavior and disease knowledge.Methods:One hundred fifty patients(66±12 years)hospitalized for heart failure participated in a structured one-hour educational session by a heart failure nurse.Patients completed a questionnaire comprising 15 questions(nine questions from the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale[EHFScB-9]and six on the patients'disease knowledge)one day before and one day and six months after the educational session.Possible responses for each question ranged from 1(complete agreement)to 5(complete disagreement).Results:After the educational session,the total EHFScB-9 score improved from 24.31±6.98 to 14.94±6.22,and the disease knowledge score improved from 18.03±5.44 to 10.74±4.30(both P<0.001).Scores for individual questions ranged from 1.26±0.81(adherence to the medication protocol)to 3.66±1.58(everyday weighing habits)before the education.The greatest improvement after education was observed on response to weight gain(-2.00±1.57),daily weight control(—1.77±1.64),and knowledge on the cause of patients'heart failure(-1.53±1.43).At 6-month follow-up,EHFScB-9 score was 17.33±7.23 and knowledge score was 12.34±5.30(both P<0.001 compared with baseline).No factor was predictive of an insufficient teaching effect.Conclusions:The educational program led by a qualified nurse improves patients'self-care behavior and disease knowledge with a persistent effect at 6-month follow-up.There are no patient characteristics which preclude the implementation of an educational session.
基金This work is funded by Key Research and Development Program of Shandong province[grant number 2016GSF201046]
文摘Objectives:To identify the gender differences in self-care maintenance and its associations among chronic heart failure patients using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model.Methods:Two hundred and ten patients(54.0%female)with chronic heart failure participated in this cross-sectional study.Self-care,knowledge of heart failure,social support and illness perception were measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index,the questionnaire of heart failure knowledge,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,respectively.Results:Mean scores for self-care maintenance were 51.4±14.8 in men and 55.6±14.1 in women(t=-2.066,P<0.05).Associated factors of self-care maintenance were social support and self-care confidence in men and the knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women.The relationship between social support and self-care maintenance was meditated by selfcare confidence in men,whereas the relationship between knowledge of heart failure and self-care maintenance was meditated by self-care management and self-care confidence in women.Conclusions:Self-care maintenance were inadequate in both genders with chronic heart failure.Interventions for enhancing social support and self-care confidence in men patients,and strengthening knowledge of heart failure,self-care management and self-care confidence in women patients,may facilitate self-care maintenance.
文摘Through reading Walter Benjamin＇s critical essay, Surrealism： The Last Snapshot of the European Intelligentsia, the authors of this research would like to trace the key point of Surrealist aesthetics, particularly the juxtapositions of visual objects in the city of London. Richard Aldington＇s two poems, London （May 1915） and Eros andPsyche, come to depict Surrealist image spheres, as their visual representations in words would show. The dialectical optic of the poet comes to reveal an allegorical synthesis, giving birth to new meanings. The city of London shows the irrational fusion of the opposites, in a way which a Surrealist reading of these two poems is able to construct a critical virtue.
文摘This paper studies the address term translation from the cognitive perspective. Concerning the difficulties in rendering the cultural connotations in address terms, the author introduces experiential view and culture model as the guidelines to solve the problems. The results show the significance of bridging the cultural gap in address term translation.
文摘Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modern schema theory, this paper focuses on its application in the three stages of interpretation practice. Schema plays a role in preparation before interpretation, which includes enhancing the interpreter＇s linguistic competence, and enlarging his storage of background information; schema influences performance during interpretation in terms of comprehension and note-taking; summary after interpretation is to supplement original schema. With the guidance of schema theory, interpretation practice can be carried out in an effective way.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50935004)
文摘A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.
