“意味”与“快感”:从传统文学到新媒体文学

新媒体文学的兴盛,带来了学界对传统文学和新媒体文学优劣的争论。从传统经典小说《红楼梦》和网络文学《性感时代的小饭馆》的相似场景入手可以发现,两种文学在技法上存在"隐晦"与"直白"的不同,在品质上有着"意味"和"快感"的差异。其根源在于媒介的差异:新媒体先天带有的碎片化、浅薄化、去真实世界、反精神诉求和媚俗化等特征,使新媒体文学与传统文学差异巨大。但是,新媒体并不能完全决定寓居于其中的文学,使网络文学沦为仅仅追求感官快感的文字;同时,"快感"作为一种审美时尚,不能成为长久的审美范畴。最后,网络文学和传统文学之间有着本质层面和现实层面的关联与交流,其背后依然是人类在审美和精神维度上对"崇高"和"优美"的诉求。

双重驱力:偶像养成时代粉丝行为动机研究——基于周杰伦和蔡徐坤双方粉丝打榜事件

偶像养成时代,粉丝行为与既往仰望膜拜偶像的时代相比,[JP2]因传播技术的发展而更具互动性、参与性和情感上的亲密性。对粉丝行为心理动机的探究有助于洞察粉丝行为倾向的根源。“快感”生产和自我实现是粉丝行为的内在驱动力,群体压力是驱使粉丝从众行为、对外群体进行批判并产生冲突的外部驱动力。通过对周杰伦和蔡徐坤双方粉丝打榜事件的考察,可窥见粉丝行为倾向的根源和本质:对自我认知的确认、对他人评价的关切以及对群体归属感的追求,明晰其本质是引导粉丝群体行为走向理性和规范化的重要[JP]前提。

Transformer-like model with linear attention for speech emotion recognition

Because of the excellent performance of Transformer in sequence learning tasks,such as natural language processing,an improved Transformer-like model is proposed that is suitable for speech emotion recognition tasks.To alleviate the prohibitive time consumption and memory footprint caused by softmax inside the multihead attention unit in Transformer,a new linear self-attention algorithm is proposed.The original exponential function is replaced by a Taylor series expansion formula.On the basis of the associative property of matrix products,the time and space complexity of softmax operation regarding the input's length is reduced from O(N2)to O(N),where N is the sequence length.Experimental results on the emotional corpora of two languages show that the proposed linear attention algorithm can achieve similar performance to the original scaled dot product attention,while the training time and memory cost are reduced by half.Furthermore,the improved model obtains more robust performance on speech emotion recognition compared with the original Transformer.

Power Network Lightning Accident Quick Inquiry with the Lightning Location System

At present, lightning is one of the 10 natural disasters, and it is also the top environmental factor of power interruption. It often causes huge losses to the electric system. The Wuhan High Voltage Institute of the State Grid Corporation of China and Huazhong University of Science and Technology have been researching and developing lightning location systems （LLSs） since the late 1980s. In the mid-1990s, a lightning detection network was created in 29 provinces and cities in China. It is primarily applied to rapidly find lightning accidents, which greatly reduces power interruption. Also, it ensures high efficiency and safe operation of the electricity system. Remarkable benefit is achieved. China＇s LLS went through an ＂orientation positioning - time difference positioning - integrated positioning＂ development process. The positioning precision, detection efficiency, degree of automation, practicability and applied range are improved. Also, a lightning information system plan of the national network has been implemented, which services the whole society.

A Fast Algorithm for Matching Remote Scene Images

An iterative algorithm to calculate mutual correlation using hierarchical key points and the search space mark principle is proposed. An effective algorithm is designed to improve the matching speed. By hi-erarchical key point algorithm and mutual correlation coefficients of the matching images, the important points can be iteratively calculated in the images hierarchically, and the correlation coefficient can be ob-tained with satisfactory precision. Massive spots in the parameter space which are impossible to match can be removed by the search space mark principle. Two approximate continuities in the correlation image matching process, the image gray level distribution continuity and the correlation coefficient value in the parameter space continuity, are considered in the method. The experiments show that the new algorithm can greatly enhance matching speed and achieve accurate matching results.

Effect of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding

To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid claddingwas investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardnessmeasurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content,the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fecontent, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-richparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of thecomposite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is muchtwice higher than that of the substrate.

Research on Comparison of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatogram Detecting Pesticide Residue

The existing methods of detecting pesticide residue include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatograph-mass, liquid chromatograph-mass, capillary electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, biosensor and rapid detection on the spot. The paper analyzes the comparison of gas chromatography and liquid chromatogram detecting pesticide residue, for achieving the development tendency and the future goal of analyzing pesticide residue.

Effects of induction heat treatment on mechanical properties of TiAl-based alloy

The effects of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment on mechanical properties of a TiAl based alloy (Ti 33Al 3Cr) were studied by means of an induction heating machine. The results show that: 1) fine fully lamellar microstructure with colony size of about 50 μm and lamellar spacing of about 0.12 μm can be obtained; 2) the compression mechanical properties can be improved to a large extent and the best comprehensive compression mechanical properties can reach the yield stress 745 MPa, the large flow stress 1 672 MPa and the compression ratio 19.4%; and 3) the compression fracture at room temperature after induction heat treatment and aging is still typical cleavage fracture.

High-precision inductance measurement system based on double-excitation auto-balancing bridge

In order to achieve high precision measurement of inductance in a wide frequency range,a method of inductance measurement based on double-excitation auto-balancing bridge is proposed.In this method,the direct digital synthesizer(DDS)as signal generator is used as the bridge excitation source,and the bridge is automatically balanced by adjusting and measuring the voltage ratio.Using standard resistors,the system can achieve high precision measurement of four-terminal pair inductors in the frequency range of 100Hz-100kHz.Aiming at the low efficiency of bridge balancing,an iterative balancing algorithm based on the steepest descent method is proposed.In order to suppress the interference caused by the initial phase change and non-integer periodic sampling,the high-precision measurement of the complex impedance of inductance is realized based on the all-phase fast Fourier transform(apFFT).Finally,the corresponding measurement system is built and the inductance measurement experiment is carried out.The experimental results show that the relative error of the system for inductance measurement can be as low as 0.009%,and the optimal relative measurement uncertainty of the system can reach 9.89×10^(-4)compared with 5×10^(-5)of commercial impedance analyzer.

Self-Assembled Monolayer of Lipoic Acid on Gold and Its Application to Rapid Determination of 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

Lipoic acid (LA) has received great attention in the area of gold surface functionalization. In this study, LA was employed as a linker for the attachment of antibody to the gold surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip. By using this chip in a homemade SPR immunosensor, low molecular weight compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) can be detected at a low level of 0.01 ng/mL. There is a good linear relationship(R2 =0.943 1) between the results of SPR biosensor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).

Rapid identification of single constant contaminant source by considering characteristics of real sensors

For the release of hazardous contaminant indoors, source identification is critical for developing effective response measures. A method which can quickly and accurately identify the position, emission rate, and release time of a single constant contaminant source by using real sensors was presented. The method was numerically demonstrated and validated by a case study of contaminant release in a three-dimensional office. The effects of the measurement errors and total sampling period of sensor on the performance of source identification were thoroughly studied. The results indicate that the adverse effects of the measurement errors can be mitigated by extending the total sampling period. For reaching a desirable accuracy of source identification, the total sampling period should exceed a certain threshold, which can be determined by repeatedly running the identification method tmtil the results tend to be stable. The method presented can contribute to develop an onsite source identification system for protecting occupants from indoor releases.

Compression and reconstruction of speech signals based on compressed sensing

Based on the approximate sparseness of speech in wavelet basis,a compressed sensing theory is applied to compress and reconstruct speech signals.Compared with one-dimensional orthogonal wavelet transform(OWT),two-dimensional OWT combined with Dmeyer and biorthogonal wavelet is firstly proposed to raise running efficiency in speech frame processing,furthermore,the threshold is set to improve the sparseness.Then an adaptive subgradient projection method(ASPM)is adopted for speech reconstruction in compressed sensing.Meanwhile,mechanism which adaptively adjusts inflation parameter in different iterations has been designed for fast convergence.Theoretical analysis and simulation results conclude that this algorithm has fast convergence,and lower reconstruction error,and also exhibits higher robustness in different noise intensities.

亚里士多德“净化说”内涵再辨析

"净化说"是亚里士多德的美学思想之一,它主要是针对悲剧艺术^([1])而提出来的。亚里士多德"净化说"的内涵应该包含两个方面:一是净化观众观看悲剧时所引起的恐惧和怜悯这两种感性情感,二是通过净化恐惧和怜悯两种情感使得观众在思考之余获得一种理性和知识的快感。然而由于亚里士多德的许多作品,尤其是《诗学》的散佚,使得亚里士多德自己对"净化说"内涵的正面解释无从获知,从而导致后世学者对"净化说"的解释都较为片面。因此,在求真的原则下有必要进一步对亚里士多德"净化说"的内涵作出一个全面的解读。那么要真正探究亚里士多德"净化说"的完整意义就必须结合他的情节说、必然律、过失说、动力因等哲学、美学范畴。

Research on Split Augmented Largrangian Shrinkage Algorithm in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Compressed Sensing

This paper aims to meet the requirements of reducing the scanning time of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, accelerating MRI and reconstructing a high quality image from less acquisition data as much as possible. MRI method based on compressed sensing （CS） with multiple regularizations （two regularizations including total variation （TV） norm and L1 norm or three regularizations consisting of total variation, L1 norm and wavelet tree structure） is proposed in this paper, which is implemented by applying split augmented lagrangian shrinkage algorithm （SALSA）. To solve magnetic resonance image reconstruction problems with linear combinations of total variation and L1 norm, we utilized composite spht denoising （CSD） to split the original complex problem into TV norm and L1 norm regularization subproblems which were simple and easy to be solved respectively in this paper. The reconstructed image was obtained from the weighted average of solutions from two subprohlems in an iterative framework. Because each of the splitted subproblems can be regarded as MRI model based on CS with single regularization, and for solving the kind of model, split augmented lagrange algorithm has advantage over existing fast algorithm such as fast iterative shrinkage thresholding（FIST） and two step iterative shrinkage thresholding （TWIST） in convergence speed. Therefore, we proposed to adopt SALSA to solve the subproblems. Moreover, in order to solve magnetic resonance image reconstruction problems with linear combinations of total variation, L1 norm and wavelet tree structure, we can split the original problem into three subproblems in the same manner, which can be processed by existing iteration scheme. A great deal of experimental results show that the proposed methods can effectively reconstruct the original image. Compared with existing algorithms such as TVCMRI, RecPF, CSA, FCSA and WaTMRI, the proposed methods have greatly improved the quality of the reconstructed images and have better visual effect.

Thermal Product of Type-E Fast Response Temperature Sensors

This paper provides practical data for thermal product values of different scratched temperature sensors that can be used for accurate transient heat transfer measurements under hypersonic flow conditions.The effect of using different scratch techniques(abrasive papers and scalpel blades)to form the sensor's junction is investigated.It was observed that the thermal product of a particular sensor depends on the Mach number,junction scratch technique, junction location and enthalpy conditions.It was demonstrated that using different scratched technique would produce different thermal product values.

A Fast Clonal Selection Algorithm for Feature Selection in Hyperspectral Imagery

Clonal selection feature selection algorithm （CSFS） based on clonal selection algorithm （CSA）, a new computational intelligence approach, has been proposed to perform the task of dimensionality reduction in high-dimensional images, and has better performance than traditional feature selection algorithms with more computational costs. In this paper, a fast clonal selection feature selection algorithm （FCSFS） for hyperspectral imagery is proposed to improve the convergence rate by using Cauchy mutation instead of non-uniform mutation as the primary immune operator. Two experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with CSFS using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery acquired by the pushbroom hyperspectral imager （PHI） and the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer （AVlRIS）, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the FCSFS converges faster than CSFS, hence providing an effective new option for dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral remote sensing imagery.

Rapid assessment of DNA damage induced by polystyrene nanosphere suspension using a photoelectrochemical DNA sensor

Nanomaterials have been used increasingly in a wide variety of applications, and some of them have shown toxic effects on experimental animals and cells. In this study, a previously established photoelectrochemical DNA sensor was employed to rapidly detect DNA damage induced by polystyrene nanosphere （PSNS） suspensions. In the sensor, a double-stranded DNA film was assembled on a semiconductor electrode, and a DNA intercalator, Ru（bpy）2（dppz）2＋ （bpy = 2,2＇-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a：2＇,3＇-c]phenazine） was used as the photoelectrochemical signal indicator. After the DNA-modified electrode was exposed to 2.0 mg/mL PSNS suspension, photocurrent of DNA-bound Ru（bpy）2（dppz）2＋ decreased by about 20%. The decrease is attributed to the chemical damage of DNA and consequently less binding of Ru（bpy）2（dppz）2＋ molecules to the electrode. Gel electrophoresis of DNA samples incubated with PSNS suspension confirmed DNA damage after the chemical exposure. However, in both photoelectrochemical and gel electrophoresis experiments, extensively washed PSNS did not induce any DNA damage, and the supernatant of PSNS suspension exhibited comparable DNA damage as the unwashed PSNS suspension. Furthermore, UV-visible absorption spectrum of the supematant displayed a pattern very similar to that of styrene oxide （SO）, a compound which has been shown to induce DNA damage by forming covalent DNA adducts. It is therefore suggested that styrene oxide and other residual chemicals in the PSNS may be responsible for the observed DNA damage. The results highlight the importance of full characterization of nanomaterials before their toxicity study, and demonstrate the utility of photoelectrochemical DNA sensors in the rapid assessment of DNA damage induced by chemicals and nanomaterials.