半为怀人半自怜——从《仲氏闺秀集》看明清扬泰地区女性文学创作的情感特质

《仲氏闺秀集》所收录的女性诗作,在题材选取上具有较为明显的家族内部交往、亲缘情感表述的特点,尤其以"怀人"念远情绪的传递最为集中和突出,日常生活场景和节日的独特情境都成为了她们进行感情倾诉的契机,构建对家人、故乡的思恋和对安宁平和生活的向往。仲氏家族女性作家的作品表现出强烈的"自怜""薄命"情感特征,主要集中于对自身多病多愁境况和婚姻家庭失意困顿的抒写,诗作中意象多幽微狭仄,与这种主体情感特质构成了情景交融的审美意蕴。

Healthcare interprofessional team members' perspectives on human caring: A directed content analysis study

Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.

Factors Influencing the Superovulation and Artificial Insemination of Sheep

[Objective] This study aimed to find out a method for low-cost and highly efficient sheep superovulation treatment and artificial insemination. [Method] The factors those probably influencing the results of conventional superovulation and insemination, such as combination of FSH hormone and sponge suppository, estrus interval, number of insemination, and ram individuals were analyzed. [Result] The combination of sponge suppository and FSH produced in Beijing exhibited the poorest effect to superovulation, significantly worse than that of other combinations （P0.01）. The FSH produced in Ningbo, combined with sponge suppository or CIDR produced better effect to superovulation. The superovulation effect was better when the interval from the last FSH injection to estrus was 12 h, significantly better than that when the interval was 36 h （P0.01）; and there was no difference in the superovulation results when the interval was 0, 12 and 24 h. The pregnancy rate of two artificial inseminations was significantly higher than that of only one insemination （P0.01）. Rams themselves had significant influence on fertilization results. [Conclusion] The combination of domestic FSH and domestic sponge suppository cost much less and dose not reduce the superovulation results. Better fertilization result can be obtained if the ewes are inseminated twice with the sperm those gave high pregnancy rate.

Physical activity during pregnancy and the role of theory in promoting positive behavior change:A systematic review

Background: Physical activity(PA) during pregnancy provides physical and psychological benefits for mother and child. U.S. guidelines recommend ≥30 min of moderate exercise for healthy pregnant women most days of the week; however, most women do not meet these recommendations. Theory assists in identifying salient determinants of health behavior to guide health promotion interventions; however, the application of theory to examine PA among pregnant women has not been examined cohesively among multiple levels of influence(e.g.,intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, and organizational/political). Subsequently, this systematic review aims to identify and evaluate the use of health behavior theory in studies that examine PA during pregnancy.Methods: Articles published before July 2014 were obtained from Pub Med and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria applied were:(1) empiricallybased;(2) peer-reviewed;(3) measured factors related to PA;(4) comprised a pregnant sample; and(5) applied theory. Fourteen studies were included. Each study's application of theory and theoretical constructs were evaluated.Results: Various theories were utilized to explain and predict PA during pregnancy; yet, the majority of these studies only focused on intrapersonal level determinants. Five theoretical frameworks were applied across the studies—all but one at the intrapersonal level. Few determinants identified were from the interpersonal, neighborhood/environmental, or organizational/political levels.Conclusion: This systematic review synthesized the literature on theoretical constructs related to PA during pregnancy. Interpersonal, community,and societal levels remain understudied. Future research should employ theory-driven multi-level determinants of PA to reflect the interacting factors influencing PA during this critical period in the life course.

A unitary caring science resilience-building model:Unifying the human caring theory and research-informed psychology and neuroscience evidence

Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly.Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout.Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’s Human Caring Theory,providing a philosophy of practice in healthcare.With the high rates of clinician burnout and psychological issues,it will be significant to unify the human caring theory with research-informed psychological and neuroscience evidence to develop clinicians’resilience-building strategies.The purpose of this article is to introduce a Unitary Caring Science Resilience Model and explain the science behind the core strategies based on Unitary Caring Science philosophy and the psychological and neuroscience research.This model includes six strategies:Embracing loving-kindness for self and others;Nurturing interpersonal and intersubjective connections/relations;Deepening a creative use of self and sense of belonging;Balancing self-learning,self-awareness,and an evolved selfconsciousness;Valuing forgiveness and releasing negativity;Inspiring and maintaining faith-hope.The caring-theory guided resilience-building strategies are proven to alleviate the depletion of clinicians’energy and emotions.Healthcare practices are challenging but rewarding.Clinicians can be emotionally,psychologically,and physically exhausted if they always consider themselves‘giving’and‘doing’institutional tasks without a sense of purpose or fulfillment.The practice can be rewarding if it becomes more aligned with clinicians’value to serve humanity.Through the unitary caring science resilience strategies,clinicians can build resilience as an antidote to clinician burnout and depletion.

Humanistic caring:the core of nursing

The voice of calling for humanistic concern is always from uncountable doctor-patient conflicts, from which we often hear a doctor is killed or injured for disputes. Prejudice has been rooted in mind that all doctors and nurses are interest-centered and cold-blooded. To some extent, it's true that patterned questions with a poker face are always more than gentle words with warm smile. Nurses are the ones who keep patients company for the longest time. Therefore, caring matters more for them. The explicit concept of "caring" will be introduced and we will attach great importance to how nurses can achieve caring. From the following aspects:the practices of loving kindness, the instillation of faith and hope, sensitivity to indicators of disease, improvem ent of healing environment, communication arts etc, you will understand why nurse is the symbol of angel. We can begin with caring about people around us. Our duty is not only to deal the ill but to warm the chill.

A good death from the perspective of healthcare providers from the internal medicine department in Shanghai:A qualitative study

Objective:This study aimed to explore the understanding of healthcare providers working in the internal medicine department in Shanghai regarding a good death.Methods:The data of the study was collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews.Through purposive sampling,16 physicians and 13 nurses who had experiences of caring for adult patients with life-threatening illnesses at the end-of-life stage in Shanghai were interviewed.The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:Six characteristics of a good death emerged:no suffering,companionship and care,no worries or concerns,dying with dignity,involvement and acceptance,and less impact on the family.Eighteen categories were identified:dying without experiencing suffering;being relieved of symptoms and suffering;being relieved of psychological suffering;avoiding the use of futile treatment and resuscita-tion;being cared for and accompanied by family;receiving good health care;having a meaningful life without regrets;making good arrangements for family issues;having a chance to say goodbye;having a quality life before death;dying in a decent environment;the personal will to be respected;maintaining the integrity of the body;death of the patient being accepted by the family and healthcare providers;the death occurred despite the best efforts to care for the patient;limited financial and care burden;shortly affected quality of life of the patient;and improved family cohesion.Conclusion:Family members’early involvement in caring for patients at the end-of-life stage helps achieve a good death.For patients with a terminal illness,avoiding unnecessary medical treatment and resuscitation could be the first step in achieving better patient death and promoting the development of advanced care planning in the mainland of China.

Study of Ideological and Political Education of Chinese College Students Based on the Humanistic Care

The paper analyzes the present situation of humanistic care in ideological and political education of Chinese college students, and argues three main problems： ignoring emotional care for students, ignoring dominant position of students, and ignoring individual psychological needs of students.

The development of an evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory:Working together to achieve optimal health outcomes

Background Healthcare is a complex and divergent system with uncertainty,unpredictability,and multi-layered stakeholders.The relationships among the stakeholders are multifaceted and dynamic,requiring continual interpersonal connections,networks,and co-evolution.It is pivotal to have an evidence-informed theory to explain the phenomenon,uniting the multifaceted stakeholders’efforts.Purpose To describe the development of an evidence-informed theory,the Convergent Care Theory,assembling healthcare stakeholders to work together and achieve optimal health outcomes.Methods The Convergent Care Theory was developed using a theory synthesis approach based on empirical research and literature reviews published by the theory-proposing author.The empirical evidence was categorized into:patients and families,healthcare providers,healthcare organizations,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Results The Convergent Care Theory includes four concepts:all-inclusive organizational care,healthcare professional collaborative care,person-centered precision care,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Achieving convergent care is a process requiring all stakeholders to work together.Six major facilitators emerged from the research evidence:competence,compassion,accountability,trusting,sharing,and engaging.Conclusion This article introduced the development process of the evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory.Healthcare systems are complex,with multiple stakeholders’needs to meet.The Convergent Care Theory strives to unite healthcare stakeholders,bond resources,and join forces to achieve optimal healthcare outcomes.The underpinning of the theory is a caring culture,which is an underlying code for organizational and team behaviors and the foundation of optimal health outcomes.

Validation of the Persian version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool

Objectives:The present study aimed to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool(CCAT)■.Methods:The study was carried out to translate and validate of the CCAT■.After securing permission from the designer of the tool and translating it,the psychometric properties were determined through examining face validity,construct validity,internal consistency,and test/retest reliability.With regard to construct validity,confirmatory factor analysis was used so that 300 patients in internal and surgery wards were selected by a simple random sampling method from three hospitals.Data were analyzed using SPSS(v.24.0)and LISREL statistical software version 8.8.Results:The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the CCAT■and its four factors.The reliability of the tool and internal consistency were confirmed through test/retest method with two weeks’interval.At the two areas of importance and provision of compassionate care,Cronbach’sαcoefficient equaled to 0.918 and 0.933 and intraclass consistency equaled to 0.848 and 0.907 respectively.Conclusion:The results showed that the Persian version of the CCAT©was adequately valid and reliable for Iranian patients.Given the acceptable psychometric parameters of the tool,using it in future studies to measure importance and provision of compassionate nursing care to Iranian patients at internal and surgery wards is recommended.

Reliability of Rapid Diagnostic Test （RDT） for Malaria among Pregnant Women in Ido-Ekiti, Western Nigeria

Background： Malaria is the commonest cause of anemia in pregnancy with severe consequence on the developing fetus. Recent clamor by the WHO for testing before treatment has driven a need to assess the effectiveness of available Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs）. Objective： To determine the reliability of Rapid Diagnostic Tests （RDTs） for malaria among pregnant women booking in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Materials and Methods： A cross-sectional study of 240 pregnant women were recruited at booking over a period of twenty weeks. A semi-structured questionnaire sought information about socio demographic data. Blood samples were taken for malaria and diagnosis was done using RDT and Microscopy. Results： Prevalence of malaria was 22.1% by microscopy and 27.5% by RDT. The sensitivity of RDT was 88.7% and specificity was 89.8%. The positive predictive value （PPV） of RDT was 71.2%, the Negative predictive value （NPV） of RDT was 96.6% and accuracy was 89.6%. The reliability of RDT was good （Kappa statistics = 0.731）. The reliability of RDTs when compared with that of Microscopy was also good （Kappa statistics = 0.722）. Conclusions： RDTs was an effective screening test for malaria among the respondents. Hence, primary care physician should utilize this resource by advocating for its availability.

Bibliometrics analysis of Jean Waston’s Human caring theory in China in the past 10 years

Aims:To analyze the research status and development trend of human caring theory in the field of nursing in China,and to provide better reference for theory and research.Methods:All articles related to human caring theory were searched in the China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data and VIP database which were published in the past year was searched.NoteExpress document management software and Excel software were used to conduct bibliometrics analysis on the annual distribution,regional distribution,journal distribution,fund support and research content of the documents.The search time was from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009.Results:A total of 113 articles were included in the literature.The total number of published articles showed a slow and tortuous trend.After 2013,the volume of publications was relatively stable.The core journals accounted for 17.7%of the total number of articles,and most of them came from hospitals.The research covers clinical applications,nursing education,nursing management and other fields.Conclusion:Human caring theory is an important part of nursing theory,Nursing researchers in China can conduct clinical research,nursing management and nursing education research based on their theoretical connotation,combined with clinical and teaching environment.

Herland An All-female Women＇s Utopia

Charlotte Gilman＇s utopian masterpiece Herland （1915） dramatizes a confrontation between three men and an all-female society. Gilman not only creates a political vacuum, where the whole patriarchal civilization, including patriarchal system, superstructure, ideology, influence, and consciousness have ceased to exist, but also men are done away with all together. Most reviews claim that Herland criticizes the patriarchal tradition and manifests concern for humanity and some even regard Herland as the first truly feminist work in the American tradition. But this supposedly utopian world is actually static, without possibilities of growth and even inhuman, gothic, and nightmarish. And this is because Gilman constructs the women＇s utopia out of the conviction in women＇s superiority over men. Herland is a little paradise that is designed too perfect. Women＇s utopias still need to promote social change in the real world

Research on New University Education Management Methods based on the Combination of Humanized and Institutionalized

In this paper, we conduct research on new university education management methods based on the combination of humanized and institutionalized. Modem university education management, system management and the organic integration of humanistic care is under the new period of development, university education management to sustainable development as the main direction of the management. System and manage all exist, man and man is the subject and purpose of system and management. The construction of system, arrangement and operation shall be at the center of the reality of human and highlight the cultural characteristics of follow the characteristic of the knowledge in the differentiation and specialization.

Civil Law:Its Humanistic Concerns

In contrast to early modern civil law, which centered on property law, modern civil law shows intensified humanistic concerns. This is mainly reflected in the rising status of personal law, and is also widely evidenced in the development within civil law of the subject, personal rights, the contract system, real right law and tort law, as well as marriage and family law. China＇s future civil code should construct civil law values based on humanistic concerns and highlight the full protection of human freedom and dignity and special care for disadvantaged groups. In line with this idea, it is necessary to include law on personal rights and tort law in the future civil code. Humanistic concerns should be strengthened in the application of civil law.

Seatbelt paths of the pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle

Purpose： Seatbelt use during pregnancy is important to improve maternal and fetal survival after motor vehicle collisions. However, because the rear seatbelt of a motor vehicle tends to make contact with the neck, even if it is adequately used, some pregnant women sitting in the rear seat opt not to fasten the belt. The purpose of this study is to explore seatbelt-neck contact for pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle. Methods： We carried out an anthropometric study. Japanese women who were _〉30 weeks pregnant （n = 12） sat in the left side of the rear seat of a typical mid-size passenger sedan and fastened the seatbelt. Seating posture was investigated by measuring the coordinates of the anthropometric data points of the pregnant women （head, shoulder, hip joint, and knee joint）. The belt path was analyzed by measuring the clearance between the belt and the sternum or navel. Results： Among the 12 pregnant women at 33.9 week _＋ 3.3 week gestation, the shoulder belt deviated to the right side and subsequently contacted to the neck in four pregnant women （Contact group）. The height of the Contact group was significantly shorter than that of Non-contact group （152.3 cm ~ 3.0 cm vs. 159.0 cm ＋ 3.3 cm, p = 0.008）. Regarding the relative position of the seatbelt to the subject＇s body, the distances from the top of the sternum to the center of the shoulder belt were significantly shorter in Contact group （3.9 cm ~ 3.5 cm） than that in the Non-contact group （8.0 cm ~ 1.6 cm, p = 0.03）. However, no significant difference was found for the distance from the umbilicus to the center of the lap belt. Conclusion： Our findings show that because of short height and late term of pregnancy with protrusion of the abdomen, the shoulder belt deviates to the right or left, avoiding the protruded uterus, and subsequently makes contact with the neck. Seatbelt systems for rear seats need to be developed to improve passenger safety, especially for pregnant women.

Rethinking Shanghai Nostalgia： An Ethnographic Inquiry into the Interface between Historical Memory and Place-making Process in a Global Metropolis

Building explicit links between historical memory and place attachment, this paper investigates the intertwined relationship between globalization, urban revitalization, and neighborhood gentrification in post-reform Shanghai. Based on field research conducted intermittently between 1999 and 2007, it probes the local grounding of the ongoing place-making processes in terms of the ＂lower/higher quarter＂ dichotomy reminiscent of Shanghai＇s semi--colonial past and the apparent contradictions in the politics of planning. By way of mapping ＂Shanghai nostalgia＂ in time and space, attempts are made to locate the cultural symbols in actual sites so that upper quarters and lower quarters as imagined communities come to be attached to imagined places. From the intimate perspectives provided by ethnographic fieldwork, the author explores the significance of locality power embedded in the dichotomy-the ways in which it is exploited, the memories to which it is linked, and more importantly, the explanations it provides for present-day reconfigurations of social space and redistributions of cultural resource in China＇s most cosmopolitan city.