“性”元素在平面广告中的应用

为吸引大众的眼球,广告中的“性”元素越来越明显,渐渐成为诠释创意、宣传商品的主角。性感广告往往具有较强的视觉冲击力,可以传达一种切合现代情调的品牌理念,达到吸引消费者注意、传达广告信息的最终目的。在充满“性”元素的广告世界中不乏一些精品,但是一味突出“性”的广告也不少。所以,对于“性”元素在广告中的运用需要加以适当引导,应坚持健康、艺术的原则,与广告产品相关联,使之不低俗却让人记忆深刻。

“性”元素在服饰广告创意实践中的审美形态

在现代文明社会里,"性"对人有着无穷的魅力,利用"性"作为销售的工具已成为司空见怪的现象。在服饰广告中尤为盛行,以"性"作为诉求方式是众多服饰品牌的惯用手法。"性"元素在服饰广告创意实践中的审美形态,可归结为功能式"性诉求"、象征式"性诉求"、"擦边球"式"性诉求"及概念化"性诉求"几类。"性"元素的运用应坚持"适度"原则,与特定文化相融合,力求实现服饰广告的审美价值与经济价值的有机统一。

Preparation and oxidation behaviour of electrodeposited Ni-CeO_2 nanocomposite coatings

Ni-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings with different CeO2 contents were prepared by codeposition of Ni and CeO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 7 nm onto pure Ni surfaces from a nickel sulfate. The CeO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni grains （with a size range of 10-30 nm）. The isothermal oxidation behaviours of Ni-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings with two different CeO2 particles contents and the electrodeposited pure Ni coating were comparatively investigated in order to elucidate the effect of CeO2 at different temperatures and also CeO2 contents on the oxidation behaviour of Ni-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings. The results show that the as-codeposited Ni-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings have a superior oxidation resistance compared with the electrodeposited pure Ni coating at 800 °C due to the codeposited CeO2 nanoparticles blocking the outward diffusion of nickel along the grain boundaries. However, the effects of CeO2 particles on the oxidation resistance significantly decrease at 1050 °C and 1150 °C due to the outward-volume diffusion of nickel controlling the oxidation growth mechanism, and the content of CeO2 has little influence on the oxidation.

Effect of different fillers on oxidation behavior of low-temperature chromizing coating

Three different chromizing coatings were produced on Ni substrate using a conventional pack-cementation method with Al2O3,Al2O3＋CeO2 and CeO2 acting as filler,respectively,at a greatly decreased temperature（700 ℃）.Effects of different fillers on the isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance of chromizing coating in air at 850 ℃ were comparably investigated.Microstructure results show that the addition of CeO2 into the filler significantly retards the grain growth of the chromizing coating.Oxidation results indicate that the chromizing coating using CeO2 as filler exhibits somewhat increased oxidation resistance than the normal chromizmg coating,while the chromizing coating using Al2O3＋CeO2 as filler exhibits much better oxidation resistance.The effects of different fillers on the oxidation behaviors were discussed in detail.

Effect of La_2O_3/Ce O_2 particle size on high-temperature oxidation resistance of electrodeposited Ni-La_2O_3/Ce O_2 composites

Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composite films were prepared by electrodeposition from a nickel sulfate bath containing certain content of micrometer and nanometer La2O3/CeO2 particles. The effect of La2O3 or CeO2 particle size on the oxidation resistance of the electrodeposited Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites in air at 1000 °C was studied. The results indicate that, compared with the electrodeposited Ni-film, Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites exhibit a superior oxidation resistance due to the codeposited La2O3 or CeO2 particles blocking the outward diffusion of nickel. Moreover, compared with nanoparticles, La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles have stronger effect because La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles also act as a diffusion barrier layer at the onset of oxidation.

Cyclic oxidation of Y_2O_3-modified ultrafine-grained Ni_3Al alloy coating at 900°C

Ni3Al coatings with and without Y2O3 particles were developed by annealing the electrodeposited Ni-Al composite coatings with and without Y2O3 particles at 800 °C for 3 h. The microstructures and cyclic oxidation performances of the produced Ni3Al coatings were comparatively investigated, with the emphasis on the effect of Y2O3. SEM/EDAX and TEM characterizations showed that the dispersion of Y2O3 refines the grains. Oxidation at 900 °C for 100 h showed that the addition of Y2O3 significantly improved the cyclic oxidation resistance of Ni3Al coating. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and the oxidation of the Ni3Al coating were discussed in detail.

Preparation and oxidation behavior of a novel CeO_2-modified chromizing coating

By using CeO2 particles instead of part of Al2O3 particles as filler, the CeO2 was successfully entrapped into the outer layer of the chromizing coatings on the as-deposited nanocrystalline （NC） and microcrystalline （MC） Ni films using a conventional pack-cementation method at 800 °C. For comparison, chromizing was also performed under the same condition on MC Ni film using Al2O3 as filler without CeO2 particles. SEM/EDX and TEM results indicate that the refinement of Ni grain and CeO2 entrapped into the chromizing coatings refine the grain of the chromizing coating. Oxidation at 900 °C indicates that compared with the CeO2-free chromizing coating, the CeO2-dispersed chromizing coating exhibits an increased oxidation resistance. For the CeO2-dispersed chromizing coating, the refinement of Ni grain size significantly decreases the transient-oxidation scaling rate of the chromizing coatings. Together with this, the CeO2-dispersed chromizing coating formed on NC Ni exhibits a better oxidation resistance.

Dynamics of Essential Metal Elements Contents in Winter Oilseed Rape during Cold Acclimation

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the dynamics of essential metal elements（Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu）contents in winter oilseed rape（Brassica napus L.）during cold acclimation,and to reveal the effects and mechanisms of essential elements in cold resistance of oilseed rape.[Method]Three varieties with different cold resistance including Zhongshuang No.11（ZS,freezing sensitive variety）,Ganyouza No.1（GY）and Jinyuyou No.1（JYY,freezing tolerant varieties）were used in the study,and the changes of necessary metal elements in these oilseed rapes during cold acclimation were studied.[Result]The concentration of metal elements in oilseed rape had significant changes during cold acclimation,and the difference between varieties was significant.In plant roots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu were significantly increased,this might because that low temperature made the transpiration decreased,thus blocking the upward transport of elements.In plant shoots,the concentrations of Ca,Mg and Zn were significantly decreased,while the concentrations of Fe and Mn were significantly increased;the change extent of various elements in ZS variety was the largest.[Conclusion]Maintaining the stability of Ca,Mg and Zn concentrations and increasing Fe,Mn and Cu concentrations in plant shoots might be benefit for increasing the cold tolerance of winter oilseed rape.

Influence of Zr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of implant Ti-35Nb-4Sn-6Mo-xZr alloys

The influence of Zr content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of implant Ti-35Nb-4Sn-6Mo-xZr （x=0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15; mass fraction） alloys was investigated. It is shown that Ti-35Nb-4Sn-6Mo-xZr alloys appear to have equiaxed single β microstructure after solution treatment at 1023 K. It is found that the grains are refined first and then coarsened with the increase of Zr content. It is also found that Zr element added to titanium alloys has both the solution strengthening and fine-grain strengthening effect, and affects the lattice parameters. With increasing the Zr content of the alloys, the strength increases, the elongation decreases, whereas the elastic modulus firstly increases and then decreases. The mechanical properties of Ti-35Nb-4Sn-6Mo-9Zr alloy are as follows： σb=785 MPa, δ=11%, E=68 GPa, which is more suitable for acting as human implant materials compared to the traditional implant Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

First-principles study of stacking fault energies in Ni_3Al intermetallic alloys

The first-principles method based on the projector augmented wave method within the generalized gradient approximation was employed to calculate the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault（SISF） and complex stacking fault（CSF） energies of the binary Ni3Al alloys with different Al contents and the ternary Ni3Al intermetallic alloys with addition of alloying elements,such as Pd,Pt,Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re.The results show that the energies of SISF and CSF increase significantly with increase of Al contents in Ni3Al.Addition of Pd and Pt occupying the Ni sublattices does not change the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al markedly in comparison with the Ni-23.75Al alloy.While addition of alloying elements,such as Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re,occupying the Al sublattices dramatically increases the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al.The results suggest that the energies of SISF and CSF are dependent both on the Al contents and on the site occupancy of the ternary alloying element in Ni3Al intermetallic alloys.

Adsorption of fluorine and chlorine on Mg(0001) surface:A density functional theory investigation

The adsorption of low-coverage of F and Cl adatoms on the Mg（0001） surface was investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory（DFT）.The stability of the（2×2） structures formed by halogen atoms adsorbed at different sites was determined.The difference between the adsorption of F and Cl on Mg（0001） surface was also discussed.The calculation results show that hollow sites are the energetically most favorable at the low-coverage.It can be concluded from the Mulliken charges and density of states that electrons transfer from the substrate Mg atoms to the adatoms,which leads to the formation of adsorbate bond and further causes the stronger interaction between Mg atom and adatom.The interaction between Cl and Mg atoms is weaker than the interaction between F and Mg.

Research on Stoichiometry of Early-spring Herbs Functional Group in the Subtropical Artificial Wetland

[Objective]The aim was to carry out stoichiometry on the early-spring herbs functional group in subtropical artificial wetland.[Method]UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Potassium persulfate absorptiometry was used for the measurement of total N content,while the flame photometer was used to detect the potassium and sodium concentration in plants.All the nutrient determination of plant samples were repeated for four times.[Result]The four nutrient concentrations in almost all samples were in the normal range of natural plant nutrition concentrations;in early-spring herbs functional groups,different species showed diversity on the nutrient concentrations;plant height had no significant effect on the nutrient concentrations in plants;the nutrient concentrations of non-grass group plants were higher than that of grass group plants;the nutrient concentrations of the annual herb were higher than that of perennial herbs.[Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the understanding of the effects of changes in nutritional conditions on species diversity,community structure and succession of the system.

Electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg-Y-Ni alloys applied to Ni-MH battery

The as-cast Mg2Ni-type Mg20–xYxNi10 (x=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) electrode alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting. Subsequently, the as-cast alloys were mechanically milled in a planetary-type ball mill. The analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that nanocrystalline and amorphous structure can be obtained by mechanical milling, and the amount of amorphous phase increases with milling time prolonging. The electrochemical measurements show that the discharge capacity of Y0 alloy increases with milling time prolonging, while that of the Y-substituted alloys has a maximum value in the same condition. The cycle stabilities of the alloys decrease with milling time prolonging. The effect of milling time on the electrochemical kinetics of the alloys is related to Y content. Whenx=0, the high rate discharge ability, diffusion coefficient of hydrogen atom, limiting current density and charge transfer rate all increase with milling time prolonging, but the results are exactly opposite whenx=3.

The rhizosphere pH change of Pinus koraiensis seedlings as affected by N sources of different levels and its effect on the availability and uptake of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn

Dark brown forest soil was collected from the upper 20 cm soil layer in Changbai Mountain Research Station of Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The soil was amended with two different forms of nitrogen fertilizers: NO3- as Ca(NO3)2, NH4+ as NH4Cl at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mgkg-1 respectively. The experiment was carried out with 2-yr-old Pinus koraiensis seedlings in pot. The pH change of rhizosphere soil and the contents of available Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in soil and leaves were analyzed. The result indicated that the addition of NH4--N decreased the rhizosphere pH value, while the addition of NO3--N increased the rhizosphere pH value in contrast with the control treatment. The direction and extent of the pH change mainly depended on N source and its concentrations applied. The rhizosphere pH change had a remarkable influence on the availability of the micronutrients in the rhizosphere, and thereafter affected the nutrient uptake by the seedlings. The contents of available mineral nutrients had a negative correlation with the pH value in the rhizosphere soil. The contents of available mineral nutrients in leaves were positively correlated to the levels of the available nutrients in the rhizosphere soils.

Preliminary Study on the Accumulation Characteristics of Mineral Elements in Potted Poa crymophila under Drought and Water Stress

[Objective] This study was conducted to explain the mechanism of the accumulation characteristics of mineral elements in alpine grassland plants. [Method] Cultivated alpine grassland plant, Poa crymophila, was treated with drought and wa- ter stress, and then the samples were collected and analyzed. [Result] Compared with the control group, under drought and water stress, multiple mineral elements tended to accumulate and increase, and there were significant differences in the contents of Cu, Mn, Ni and P （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Under drought and water stress, mineral elements in potted Poa crymophila tended to accumulate and in- crease, which is the adaption and response of Poa crymophila to drought and water stress, as well as the re-verification of the starvation effect hypothesis of mineral effects. The starvation effect of mineral elements is one of the endogenic forces for the accumulation and differentiation of mineral elements in grassland plants.

Some New Results from the Electron Theory on the Elastical of Alkahoe Earth Metals and Rare Earth Elements

With the introduction of Poisson's ratio in the expression of Young's modulus,nearly all the theoretical values of the various elastic moduli for the alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements can be greatly refined, with the single exception of the theoreticalvalue of Young's modulus for Pr which is slightly increased This points to the validityof the new theory, that the bulk modulus is independent of the Poisson's ratio, and further that the valency electron structures of solids as determined by Yu's theory are correct.

Differences of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Upper Fresh Leaves and Post-growth Roots in Different Quality Stages

In order to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of fresh upper leaves and roots of different qualities of tobacco, the malonaldehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, chlorophyllase activity, amylase activity, medium trace element content, chemical component content, root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the normal tobacco leaves, tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that compared with the normal tobacco leaves, the root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the premature grey tobacco leaves decreased by 41.22%, 14.44% and 60.29% respectively, while malonaldehyde content increased by 34.82%, and chlorophyllase, α-amylase, β-amylase and SOD activity declined by 89.55%, 65.71%, 71.26% and 37.25% respectively. Chlorophyllase, co-amylase and 13-amylase activity in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients decreased by 58.76%, 36.19% and 41.93% respectively. The content of medium trace elements in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves was lower than that of the normal tobacco leaves. Starch, total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content in the normal tobacco leaves were higher than that of the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves.

Electrochemical performances of Mg_(45)M_5Co_(50)(M=Pd, Zr) ternary hydrogen storage electrodes

In order to improve the discharge capacity and cyclic life of Mg-Co-based alloy, ternary Mg45M5Co50 （M=Pd, Zr） alloys were synthesized via mechanical alloying. TEM analysis demonstrates that these alloys all possess body-centered cubic （BCC） phase in nano-crystalline. Electrochemical experiments show that Mg45Zr5Co50 electrode exhibits the highest capacity （425 mA·h/g） among the Mg45M5Co50 （M=Mg, Pd, Zr） alloys. And Mg45Pd5Co50 electrode lifts not only the initial discharge capacity （379 mA·h/g）, but also the discharge kinetics, e.g., exchange current density and hydrogen diffusion ability from that of Mg50Co50. It could be concluded that the electrochemical performances were enhanced by substituting Zr and Pd for Mg in Mg-Co-based alloy.

Spatial Variability of Micronutrients in Rice Grain and Paddy Soil

Consumption of rice is the main source of micronutrients to human in Asia. A paddy field with unknown anthro- pogenic contamination in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, China was selected to characterize the spatial variability and distribution of micronutrients in rice grain and soil. A total of 96 paired soil and rice grain samples were collected at harvest. The micronutrients in the soil samples were extracted by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid （DTPA）. The mean micronutrient concentrations in rice grain were 3.85 μg Cu g^-1, 11.6 μg Fe g^-1, 39.7 μg Mn g^-1 and 26.0 μg Zn g^-1 The mean concentrations were 2.54μg g^-1 for DTPA-Cu, 133.5μg g^-1 for DTPA-Fe, 30.6μg g^-1 for DTPA-Mn, and 0.84μg g^-1 for DTPA-Zn. Semivariograms showed that measured micronutrients in rice grain were moderately dependent, with a range distance of about 110 m. The concentrations of the DTPA-extractable micronutrients all displayed strong spatial dependency, with a range distance of about 60 m. There was some resemblance of spatial structure between soil pH and the grain Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. By analogy, similar spatial variation was observed between soil organic matter （SOM） and DTPA-extractable table micronutrients in the soil. Kriging estimated maps of the attributes showed the spatial distributions of the variables in the field, which is beneficial for better understanding the spatial variation of micronutrients and for potentially refining agricultural management practices at a field scale.

Prediction Model of Secondary Substances in Anthocyanins Synthesis of Purple Corn

The aim of this study was to assay the polyphenols,flavonoid,polyphenol oxidase and phenylalnine ammonialyase which were relative to the anthocyanins synthesis of purple corn. The optimization of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was y=4.383 86-0.205 45x1＋5.479 638x2＋0.195 575x4. According to standard partial regression coefficient testing,the result indicated that polyphenols content was negatively correlated with anthocyanins and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis was-42.7%; flavonoid content and activity of polyphenol oxidase were positively correlated with anthocyanins of purple corn and the relative influence to anthocyanins synthesis were 71.45% and 73.32% respectively. There was no positive correlation between the activity of phenylalnine ammonialyase and anthocyanins of purple corn. The establishment of multiple linear regression model of anthocyanins synthesis was to provide theory foundation of producing anthocyanins in laboratory.