“性反抗”与文化悲剧——司绮纹、水秀、田小娥悲剧命运的透视

铁凝的作品《玫瑰门》和张宇的作品《疼痛与抚摸》都是研究女性悲剧命运的优秀作品,《白鹿原》中的人物形象也一直受到高度评价。文章试图通过三部作品的女主人翁司绮纹、水秀和田小娥的形象全面揭示女性命运中的文化悲剧。

Effect of Al-deposition on erosion resistance of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coating

A columnar Al film was firstly deposited on the top of 7%Y2O3？stabilized zirconia （7YSZ） ceramic coating in thermal barrier coating （TBC） system by magnetron sputtering. A vacuum treatment was then carried out at 700 °C for 1 h and 900 °C for 5 h to improve the erosion resistance of Al-deposited TBC. Aα-Al2O3 layer was in situ synthesized on the top of 7YSZ coating via vacuum heat treatment. The microstructure evolution of Al-deposited TBC illustrated that a loose surface-layer and a dense sub-layer formed on the top of 7YSZ coating after vacuum treatment. The phase structures of the as-sprayed TBC and the Al-deposited TBC after vacuum heat treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） assisted with focused ion beam （FIB）. Particulate erosion resistances of the as-sprayed TBC and treated TBC were compared at room temperature. In addition, erosion mechanism and schematic diagram were proposed. The results show that the Al-deposited TBC after vacuum heat treatment has better particulate erosion resistance than the as-sprayed one.

Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides Extracted from Immunized Tenebrio molitor Induced by Different Microbial Treatments Against 26 Pathogens

[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.

Avr/Cf Interaction Induce the Expression of Ptis, Genes Encoding Pto-interactors

Products of plant resistance ( R ) genes Pto and Cf contain distinct domains, and have different cellular localization. It is intriguing to compare the development mechanisms of resistance conferred by the two R genes. In the present report, two hypersensitive response (HR) initiation systems were employed to study the time_course expression induced by Avr / Cf interaction of the genes encoding Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 which interact directly with Pto: (1) Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) containing complementary gene pairs Avr 4/ Cf _4 and Avr 9/ Cf _9 were obtained through crossing. Their seedlings developed HR under room temperature. (2) Avr / Cf seedlings grew normally at 33 ℃. When the temperature was shifted down to 25 ℃, HR occurred within hours in the seedlings. Results of both experiments showed that expression of Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 was induced upon development of hypersensitive necrosis in Avr / Cf seedlings. However, the expression levels and patterns of these Pti s differed. This finding indicated that these Pti s function complementarily, and might be involved in regulation of both Pto and Cf _conferred resistance.

Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of 2-(E)-(4-Hy-droxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-5-(N-Substituted aminomethyl)Cyclopentanones

A series of 2 (E) (4 hydroxy 3 methoxybenzylidene) 5 (N substituted ami nomethyl) cyclopentanones was synthesized and evaluated for the anti inflammatory activity. All of the target compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that several compounds exerted appreciable inhibitory effect on xylene induced ear edema in mice and that alteration of the substituents of anilines had significant influence in anti inflammatory potency.

Lamé parameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application

The Connolly （1999） elastic impedance （EI） equation is a function of P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, density, and incidence angle. Conventional inversion methods based on this equation can only extract P-velocity, S-velocity, and density data directly and the elastic impedance at different incidence angles are not at the same scale, which makes comparison difficult. We propose a new elastic impedance equation based on the Gray et al. （1999） Zoeppritz approximation using Lamé parameters to address the conventional inversion method＇s deficiencies. This equation has been normalized to unify the elastic impedance dimensions at different angles and used for inversion. Lamé parameters can be extracted directly from the elastic impedance data obtained from inversion using the linear relation between Lamé parameters and elastic impedance. The application example shows that the elastic parameters extracted using this new method are more stable and correct and can recover the reservoir information very well. The new method is an improvement on the conventional method based on Connolly＇s equation.

Insulin resistance and hepatitis C

Insulin resistance is the major feature of the metabolic syndrome and depends on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. In chronic hepatitis C, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are more often seen than in healthy controls or chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection promotes insulin resistance, mainly by increased TNF production together with enhancement of suppressor of cytokine （SOC-3）; both events block PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Two types of insulin resistance could be found in chronic hepatitis C patients＇. ＂viral＂ and ＂metabolic＂ insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C is relevant because it promotes steatosis and fibrosis. The mechanisms by which insulin resistance promotes fibrosis progression include： （1） steatosis, （2） hyperleptinemia, （3） increased TNF production, （4） impaired expression of PPARy receptors. Lastly, insulin resistance has been found as a common denominator in patients difficult-to-treat like cirrhotics, overweight, HIV coinfected and Afro-American. Insulin resistance together with fibrosis and genotype has been found to be independently associated with impaired response rate to peginterferon plus ribavirin. Indeed, in genotype 1, the sustained response rate was twice （60%） in patients with HOMA ≤ 2 than patients with HOMA 〉 2. In experiments carried out on Huh-7 cells transfected by full length HCVRNA, interferon alpha blocks HCV replication. However, when insulin （at doses of 128 μU/mL, similar that seen in the hyperinsulinemic state） was added to interferon, the ability to block HCV replication disappeared, and the PKR synthesis was abolished. In summary, hepatitis C promotes insulin resistance and insulin resistance induces interferon resistance, steatosis and fibrosis progression.

Current approaches in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is diagnosed more frequently in younger and premenopausal women and is highly prevalent in African American women. TNBC is a term derived from tumors that are characterized by the absence of ER, Pg R, and HER2. So patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based therapies. TNBCs are biologically aggressive, although some reports suggest that they respond to chemotherapy better than other types of breast cancer, prognosis remains poor. This is due to: shortened disease-free interval in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting and a more aggressive course in the metastatic setting.

Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults

AIM： To evaluate the effects of three potentially anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria from three different genera on immune variables in setting based on previous in cytokine responses. healthy adults in a clinical vitro characterization of METHODS： A total of 62 volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group intervention study. The volunteers were randomized to receive a milk-based drink containing either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG （LGG）, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 （Bb12）, or Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS （PJS） or a placebo drink for 3 wk. Venous blood and saliva samples were taken at baseline and on d 1, 7 and 21. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. RESULTS： The serum hsCRP expressed as the median AUC0-21 （minus baseline） was 0.018 mg/L in the placebo group, -0.240 mg/L in the LGG group, 0.090 mg/L in the Bb12 group and -0.085 mg/L in the PJS group （P = 0.014）. In vitro production of TNF-α from in vitro cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was significantly lower in subjects receiving LGG vs placebo. IL-2 production from PBMC in the Bb12 group was significantly lower compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION： In conclusion, probiotic bacteria have strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.

Differentiation of Behcet's disease from inflammatory bowel diseases:Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody

The differential diagnosis of Behcet's disease(BD) from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is sometimes difficult and challenging.Hereby,we suggested the utility of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody(ASCA) and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody(p-ANCA) in the differential diagnosis of BD from IBD.

Alpha-picolinic acid,a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent,elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice

Alpha-picolinic acid (PA),a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell,has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants. Here,we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta. Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS),rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA. The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride,indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPHoxidase dependent. We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Hence,it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice,which also provides a simple eliciting tool for studying apoptosis in the plant cell.

Experimental study on the seismic performance of staggered slab-column joints

The low-cycle loading test of two staggered slab-column-boundary beam joints was carried out to study their seismic performance.The crack development,load-displacement relationship,displacement ductility,and energy dissipation performance of the staggered slab-column joints(SSCJ)were studied.Experimental results reveal that both specimens present short-column brittle shear failure.Furthermore,an obvious hysteretic curve pinching phenomenon occurred.Thus,it can be concluded that the seismic performance of the joints is insufficient.These results suggest that the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement of the slab in the joint’s core area should be improved,and attention should be paid to the short-column stirrup configuration of the SSCJ.These results can provide a research basis for the design of such joints in future applications.

Rapid Identification for Drought Resistance of Wheat Using Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

[Objective] This study aimed to establish an identification system for drought-resistance in wheat by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In 2006-2007, 36 wheat varieties with different drought resistance were selected and were classified according to their drought resistance grades determined by the Technical Specification of Identification and Evaluation for Drought Resistance in Wheat （GB/T 21127-2007）. In addition, the harvested wheat seed samples were spectrally analyzed with FOSS NIRSystems5000 near-infrared spectrum analyzer for grain quality （full spectrum analyzer） and then the forecasted regression equations were established. [Result] After the establishment of a database and validation, dis- criminated functions were obtained. The determination coefficient （RSQ） and coeffi- cients of determination for cross validation （1-VR） in the discriminant function built with seed samples from water stress area were 0.846 0 and 0.781 8, respectively, which indicated that the consistency between drought resistance and spectral charac- teristics in wheat varieties was good, and there was high correlation between the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra of seeds and the drought resistance in wheat. [Conclusiou] Under water stress condition, it is feasible to establish a conve- nient, rapid and no-damage identification system for the drought resistance in wheat by using the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum technique to scan wheat seeds.

IL28B polymorphism as a predictor of antiviral response in chronic hepatitis C

AIM： To evaluate the effect of single nucleotide poly- morphisms of interleukin （IL）-28B, rs12979860 on progression and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS： Patients （n = 64; 37 men, 27 women; mean age, 44 ＋ 12 years） with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1, received treatment with peg-interferon plus ribavirin. Genotyping of rs12979860 was per- formed on peripheral blood DNA. Histopathological assessment of necroinflammatory grade and fibrosis stage were scored using the METAVIR system on a liver biopsy sample before treatment. Serum viral load, ami- notransferase activity, and insulin level were measured. Insulin resistance index, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, percentage of body fat and fibrosis progression rate were calculated. Applied dose of interferon and ribavirin, platelet and neutrophil count and hemoglobin level were measured. RESULTS： A sustained virological response （SVR） was significantly associated with IL28B polymorphism （CC vs -l-r allele： odds ratio （OR）, 25; CC vs CT allele： OR, 5.4）, inflammation activity （G 〈 1 vs G 〉 1： OR, 3.9）, fibrosis （F 〈 1 vs F 〉 1： OR, 5.9）, platelet count （〉 200 × 109/L vs 〈 200 ×109/L： OR, 4.7; OR in patients with genotype CT： 12.8）, fatty liver （absence vs presence of steatosis： OR, 4.8）, insulin resistance index （〈 2.5 vs 〉 2.5： OR, 3.9）, and baseline HCV viral load （〈 106 IU/mL vs 〉 106 IU/mL： OR, 3.0）. There was no association with age, sex, aminotransferases activity, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, or percentage body fat. There was borderline significance （P = 0.064） of increased fibrosis in patients with the I-I allele, and no differences in the insulin resistance index between groups of patients with CC, CT and -IF alleles （P = 0.12）. Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficient between insulin resistance and stage of fibrosis and body mass index was r = 0.618 and r = 0.605, respectively （P 〈 0.001）. Significant dif- ferences were found in the insulin resistance index （P = 0.01） between patients with and without steatosis. Patients with the C-I- allele and absence of a SVR had a higher incidence of requiring threshold dose reduction of interferon （P = 0.07）. CONCLUSION： IL28B variation is the strongest host factor not related to insulin resistance that determines outcome of antiviral therapy. Baseline platelet count predicts the outcome of antiviral therapy in CT allele patients.

In vitro Induction of primary antibody responses to particulate and soluble protein antigens in T cell-replaced murine spleen cell cultures

Specific antibody responses could be induced in serumfree condition.Specific anti-SRBC or anti-SRBC ghost antibody were induced from anti-Thy treated (T-depleted) murine spleen cells in serum-free culture in the presence of Con A conditioned medium.This induction system may facilitate the study of lymphokine functions on antigen triggered B cells. In T cell-replaced cultures,the antibody responses of B cells could be successfully induced when soluble SRBC membrane proteins were used as antigens.It thus indicates that antigen together with lymphokines are sufficient to drive B cells to become antibody secreting cells in the absence of T cells.The T cell-replaced system provides a more stable way for in vitro immunization and may be applied to monoclonal antibody production when in vivo immunization is difficult to be carried out.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Juglone Derivatives

Nitro and halogen substituted derivatives of the juglone naphthoquinone were synthesized and assayed for their antibacterial activity. 8-Nitrojuglone was obtained as the exclusive product from the direct nitration of juglone with nickel （Ⅱ） nitrate and p-toluenesulphonic acid. In addition, a series of five 8-halojuglone derivatives were synthesized via a solvent-free Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. One of the acylation reactions afforded an anthraquinone-type derivative as the minor product. The 8-nitrojuglone derivative displayed the most notable activity against S. aureus. However, all of the 8-halojuglone derivatives were found to be less active than juglone against the bacteria assayed.

New perspectives in occult hepatitis C virus infection

Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as the presence of HCV RNA in liver and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of detectable viral RNA in serum by standard assays, can be found in anti-HCV positive patients with normal serum levels of liver enzymes and in anti-HCV negative patients with persistently elevated liver enzymes of unknown etiology. Occult HCV infection is distributed worldwide and all HCV genotypes seem to be involved in this infection. Occult hepatitis C has been found not only in anti-HCV positive subjects with normal values of liver enzymes or in chronic hepatitis of unknown origin but also in several groups at risk for HCV infection such as hemodialysis patients or family members of patients with occult HCV. This occult infection has been reported also in healthy populations without evidence of liver disease. Occult HCV infection seems to be less aggressive than chronic hepatitis C although patients affected by occult HCV may develop liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, anti-HCV negative patients with occult HCV may benefit from antiviral therapy with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin. The persistence of very low levels of HCV RNA in serum and in PBMCs, along with the maintenance of specific T-cell responses against HCV-antigens observed during a long-term follow-up of patients with occult hepatitis C, indicate that occult HCV is a persistent infection that is not spontaneously eradicated. This is an updated report on diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical implications of occult HCV with special emphasis on anti-HCV negative cases.

High doses of α-galactosylceramide potentiate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by directly enhancing Th17 response

α-Galactosylceramide （u-GC） is widely known to activate invariant natural killer T （iNKT） cells to suppress my- elin antigen-specific Thl responses, protecting susceptible mice against experimental antoimmune encephalomyelitis 0EAE）. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected finding that high doses of α-GC exacerbated, rather than ameliorated, EAE. Similar results were observed when MOG35.ss-specific T cells treated with high-dose α-GC were transferred into naive syngeneic recipient mice. Further study showed that high doses of a-GC directly enhance the Thl7 and Thl re- sponse by activation of CD4＋CD44＋ memory T cells through phosphorylation of STAT3 and activation of NF-kB. Un- like the activation of iNKT cells by low doses of a-GC, high doses of a-GC directly interacted with CDld expressed on T ceils and activated Thl7 and Thl cells. Furthermore, antigen-presenting cells （APCs） predominantly express CDldl, whereas the majority of CD4~ T cells express CDld2. Knockdown of CDldl or CDld2 gene expression by RNAi interfered with the activation of iNKT or Thl7/Thl cells, respectively. Therefore, α-GC treatment could im- prove or worsen EAE by engaging either APCs or Thl7/Thl cells depending on the dose used.

Enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and hepatopancreas of clam Mactra vereformis, following cadmium exposure

To assess the toxicity of heavy metal pollution to marine intertidal shellfish, enzymatic responses and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the clam Mactra vereformis exposed to cadmium under laboratory conditions. Three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx), two immune defense enzymes (acid phosphatase, ACP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), and one lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the clam exposed to 0, 25, 75, and 125 μg/L cadmium for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d. The results show that the concentrations of antioxidant enzymes in the organs soared to a peak value on the first day and then decreased afterwards in most cases. CAT and GPx activities in the hepatopancreas were higher than in the gills, but the SOD activity was lower in the hepatopancreas. ACP activity was unchanged until Day 3 in the hepatopancreas and until Day 5 in gills, when it began to increase. ALP activity showed no significant relationship with Cd treatment. MDA concentrations increased in the two tissues after Cd exposure, peaked on Day 3 in gills, and on Day 5 in hepatopancreas. These observations show that changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ACP reflect the time course of oxidative stress in the clam caused by Cd, and could be used as potential biomarkers for ecotoxicological bioassays of heavy metals.

Screening of genotypes for their resistance againstMeloidogyne incognita and Fusarium chlamydosporum causing wilt complex on Coleusforskohlii Briq.

A pot culture experiment was carried out for the Screening of 11 popular genotypes against to Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium chlamydosporum wilt complex on Coleus forskohlii. Genotype viz., yellow tubers and Rabakavi local showed resistant reaction, Orange tuber and Nimbanur local showed moderately resistant reaction. Rest of the seven genotvDes showed suscentible reactions.