再谈“总共”在语义指向上的特点

陆俭明先生在《现代汉语语法研究教程》中，花了大量的篇幅对五种汉语句法分析的方法做了详细的介绍，层层递进，深入浅出。对于语义指向分析法中，“总共”的语义指向，我认为是不正确的，本文着重对这一论断提出几点质疑。

归总性数量框架与双宾语

本文认为“总共/一共……多少……”的框架不能用来确认双宾语。文章包括三个部分:1)双宾语的提出与双宾范围的扩大;2)根据数量框架认定双宾所引发的疑问;3)再谈数量框架与复指结构。文章末尾有个结语,说明写作本文主要想表达什么意思。

Bus coordination holding control for transit hubs under APTS

To increase the passenger transferring efficiency, the bus coordination holding control for transit hubs, which is as an important dynamic dispatching method for improving the service level of transit hubs, was studied in the framework of bus coordination dispatching mode. Firstly, the bus coordination holding control flow was studied based on Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) environment. Then a control model was presented to optimize the bus vehicle holding time, and a genetic algorithm was designed as the solving method. In the end, an example was given to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy and the algorithm.

The mitochondrial genomes of Macrocheraia grandis grandis and Myrmoplasta mira(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomomorpha) and the unique mitogenome rearrangement in Pyrrhocoroidea

Sequencing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Complete or nearly complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) of 155 species from 47 families in Heteroptera have been sequenced. However, the amounts of mitogenomes between those families are unbalanced, which makes it difficult to correctly discern the patterns of mitogenome rearrangement in Heteroptera. Among 21 species from ten families, ten variations in mitogenome rearrangement had been previously reported, among which the translocation between tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro was considered as a synapomorphy of Pyrrhocoroidea based on two mitogenomes. As only one mitogenome in each of Largidae and Pyrrhocoridae had been sequenced to conclude the synapomorphy, more mitogenomes of Pyrrhocoroidea need to be explored. In this study, additional two mitogenomes of Pyrrhocoroidea(Macrocheraia grandis grandis(Gray, 1832) and Myrmoplasta mira Gerst-cker, 1892) were sequenced. Both of them also possess the same translocation between tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro, which reaffirms that this kind of rearrangement is a molecular synapomorphy of Pyrrhocoroidea. Moreover, we discovered a more complex rearrangement in Myrmoplasta mira, in which six nearly identical duplications of tRNA-Thr were found located downstream of tRNA-Pro. Considering the high biodiversity of Heteroptera, more mitogenomic studies are needed to improve our knowledge about mitogenome rearrangements and the potential synapomorphies.

Dealing with Climate Change in a Digital Age

Digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities in addressing climate change as public policy requirements increasingly pervade national boundaries. Health issues now merge with those in education, the environment, energy, culture, gender, security, and the economy. They offer enormous potential in mobilizing for political action. But they also have a dark side. Outgoing U.S. President Barack Obama issued a warning that social media in particular poses an existential threat to democracy. Their pervasive influence during the 2016 American presidential election highlighted the potential for the spread of fake news and alternative facts. These realities must be recognized and addressed if meaningful policies on climate change and future sustainability are to be achieved. The challenges ahead require a re-examination of overarching trends in mass media that date back to the middle of the last century. Warnings from scientists, scholars, and community activists indicate that, on the issue of climate change, time is running out. In his Encyclical on Climate Change and Inequality, Pope Francis amplified the urgent call to action. But collectively, we need to rethink the profit driven ways in which our proliferating digital technologies mitigate potential steps toward a sustainable future. In a myriad of forms that go well beyond the seductive and addicting trends of endless hours spent online, new and proliferating digital toys and gadgets are neither carbon neutral, nor as some proponents would have us believe, do they hold the sole promise of innovation and job creation. Additionally, their potential must be harnessed to maintain rather than disrupt social stability.

Schedule optimization to improve trunk-local bus transfer efficiency in small conurbations: A case study of New York's capital region

Fostering the use of transit has been broadly accepted as an effective way to improve social equity and reduce the externalities caused by transportation. In the great body of transit literature, many have focused on the improvement of transfer efficiency. However, investigation on transit transfer efficiency is still lacking for medium sized cities or suburban areas that have sprawled from city centers. The special features associated with such an urban form lead to unique travel patterns and bus operations. This work develops a process to improve bus transfer efficiency for small conurbations considering their special characteristics. A case study of New York's Capital District is used to illustrate the proposed method. Results show that the transfer waiting time can be remarkably shortened. The proposed method can be widely adapted to other transit systems in small conurbations.

Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and Sword of State： Aesthetic Manifestation of Kwame Nkrumah＇ s Cultural Policy on Ghana＇s Political Culture

This study explores the aesthetic dimensions of Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies in the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword. The study is an Art Historical research situated within the qualitative research paradigm. It had a population of a defmed class of cultural policy makers, art historians, traditional rulers, nationalists, visual artists and Ghanaians resident both in and outside Ghana. The study examined how the creation of Ghana＇s Presidential Seats and the State Sword were influenced by Kwame Nkrumah＇s cultural policies and the cultural significance of the aesthetic interplay of ethnic insignias used in capturing the Ghanaian concept of Political authority. The study revealed that, Nkrumah recognised the cultural art forms and elements of ethnic Ghana as assets for national development. In line with his policy of building the Nation State of Ghana, he used ethnic cultural art forms and elements. At independence, Nkrumah commissioned some visual artist to create some artistic pieces （politico-cultural artefacts） for the Ghanaian political authority with inspiration or based on what pertains in the traditional authority （Chieftaincy） of Ghana. Politico-cultural artefacts as used in this study refer to the artefacts produced based on the cultural concepts of the ethnic states for the use of the political authority of the Republic of Ghana. Among these artistic pieces are the three Presidential Seats, The State Sword, The President＇s Personal Standard Pole and the State Mace.

Identification of major compounds of total flavonoids from Smilax china and evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect on phenol mucilage-induced pelvic inflammation in rats

As a Chinese medicinal plant,Smilax china is traditionally used in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease(PID).Flavonoids have been identified as the anti-inflammatory bioactive fraction.However,the high content of total flavonoids has not been extracted from S.china.The therapeutic effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids are still unknown.In the present study,we aimed to obtain the effective parts of flavonoids in S.china,and elucidate the mechanism of action on PID.The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated on phenol mucilage-induced pelvic inflammation in rats.This was the first time that total flavonoids in high concentration(up to 55.6%)were obtained in S.china.A total of 15 compounds were separated and identified by NMR,and the total flavonoids were detected with HPLC.TFSC caused a reduction in serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β.These results suggested that TFSC had a significant anti-PID effect,probably due to inhibition of the inflammatory reaction.

THE BUYER＇S PROCURING MECHANISM UNDER OPERATING COST SHARING IN SUPPLY CHAIN

This paper considers a buyer＇s procuring strategy where the buyer purchases products from a supplier in order to minimize his total cost. Assume that the customer arrivals follow a Poisson process, a base-stock policy is implemented by the buyer, and the supplier will afford partial operating cost incurred by the buyer; The cost shared by the buyer includes procuring cost and some operating cost; The supplier does not hold the inventory and her production time is exponentially distributed. The objective of the supplier is to maximize her profit. The buyer designs a contract to minimize his total expected cost. Two different cases are considered： One potential supplier and many competing suppliers. The optimal control approaches are used to design the buyer＇s optimal mechanism and some simple procurement mechanisms are presented.

Tianlun International Hotels’ New PR Director

Lately,Tianlun International Hotels announced the appointment of Claudia Jiang as PR Director.Jiang will take charge of branding promotion and public relations,as well as brand management of Tianlun International Hotels.Jiang graduated from the Beijing International Studies University and worked in HK CTS Hotels Co.Ltd.,responsible for brand standard establishment,public relations,new media applications,events,exhibitions,advertisements and promotions.