河北廊坊“恒温”天气特征及其可预报性分析

利用河北省廊坊市气象观测站2000-2014年常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和倾斜旋转T模态主成分分析法,在分析廊坊＂恒温＂天气的天气气候、大气环流形势特征的基础上,探讨了＂恒温＂天气的可预报性,并通过一个＂恒温＂天气预报个例对其可预报性进行验证。结果表明：廊坊＂恒温＂天气主要发生在秋冬季,以阴沉（日照时数〈1 h）、有雾或雨雪天气、小风（地面风力等级为1-2级）以及偏东风或西南风为主要气象环境背景;＂恒温＂天气产生时,尽管各气象要素条件特征显著,但发生比例仅为1.5%-13%,其中地面风力等级为1-2级气象条件下最低,在阴天伴雨或雪的气象条件下相对最高;当廊坊市500 hPa上空为西南、偏西气流控制,地面处于辐合场、高压场底部和高压场后部时最利于＂恒温＂天气产生;依据＂恒温＂天气产生的各类气象条件,将大气环流形势场与各气象要素条件进行匹配筛选,可明显降低＂恒温＂天气的极端性分布,对其进行准确预报成为可能。

预分解窑“恒温平衡”操作技术

预分解窑的"恒温平衡"操作技术,就是以"五稳保一稳"为操作原则;以系统风量平衡为依据,保证分解炉的用风量,实现恒温煅烧;以窑头罩的温度和压力为主要控制参数,发挥煤粉燃烧器的功效,实现"优质、高产、低耗与环保"。

不同规格黄鳍金枪鱼红肌转录组比较分析

为探究黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacores)由“变温”型发育为“恒温”型的分子调控过程,基于RNA-Seq技术,对不同发育阶段黄鳍金枪鱼红肌组织RNA进行转录组测序并进行生物信息学分析。结果发现,与“变温”型相比,“恒温”型黄鳍金枪鱼红肌中43个差异表达基因表达量显著上调,79个显著下调。随机选取8个差异表达基因用qRT-PCR方法验证其相对表达量,发现与转录组测序结果相符。通过GO富集分析发现,差异表达基因富集在肌球蛋白复合体、肌动蛋白细胞骨架和横纹肌细丝等与肌肉运动密切相关的GO条目中。通过KEGG富集分析发现,差异表达基因富集在心肌收缩、磷酸戊糖途径和生热等与肌肉运动和能量代谢相关的通路上。结果表明,黄鳍金枪鱼“恒温”发育过程是一个涉及多组织、多基因的复杂过程,能量代谢和肌肉运动在这一过程中可能起到非常重要的作用。研究结果可以为今后深入开展黄鳍金枪鱼发育调控机制研究提供参考。

Effects of charge size on explosives thermal initiation critical temperature under constrained conditions

In order to study the relationship between charge size and thermal initiation critical temperature of explosive in defined conditions,cook-off test about JH explosive was carried out at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min using self-designed cook-off experiment setup based on thermostatic control technology.Numerical simulation was conducted to study the effects of different charge sizes on thermal initiation critical temperature of explosives with FLUENT software.Experiment results show that there is a thermal initiation critical temperature in cook-off bomb.Simulation results show that when the ratio of the length to diameter of explosives grains is a fixed value,the thermal initiation critical temperature of explosives decreases with the increase of the diameter of explosives grains.When the grains diameter of explosives increase up to a certain value,the influence of charge size on thermal initiation critical temperature tends to be weakened.Charge size has no influence on the ignition point of explosives.The ignition point is always in the center of the grain.

Effects of Varying Temperature and Constant Temperature on Hatching Result of Fertilized Peacock Eggs

In order to investigate the effect of temperature on hatching result of fertilized peacock eggs, they were hatched under conditions of varying temperature and constant temperature respectively. The result shows that the hatching rate in the varying temperature treatment group （Group Ⅰ） is higher than that in the constant temperature treatment group （Group Ⅱ）. It suggests that the varying temperature treatment （high temperature in the early period, medium temperature in the middle period, slightly lower temperature in the late period, and slightly higher temperature in the hulling period） is in line with the optimum temperature variation in the hatching of fertilized peacock eggs, contributing the hatching of fertilized peacock eggs.

Sub-1V CMOS Voltage Reference Based on Weighted V_(gs)

We propose a voltage reference based on the weighted difference between the gate-source voltages of an nMOS and a pMOS operating in their saturation regions. No diodes or parasitic bipolar transistors are used, The circuit is simulated and fabricated with SMIC 0.18μm mixed-signal technology,and our measurements demonstrate that its temperature coefficient is 44ppm/℃ and its PSRR is - 46dB, It works well when Vdd is above 650mV. The active area of the circuit is about 0.05mm^2.

Modeling Nitrogen Mineralization in Paddy Soils of Shanghai Region

Six paddy soils of Shanghai, China, were studied after 120 days of anaerobicincubation at 25 deg C and 35 deg C. Four models, the effective accumulated temperature model, theone-component first-order exponential model (the one-pool model), the two-component first-orderexponential model (the two-pool model), and the two-component first-order plus zero-orderexponential model including a constant term (the special model), were fitted to the data of observedmineral-N during incubation using non-linear regression procedures. The two-pool model and thespecial model gave the best fits amongst the four models, and parameters in the special model weremore reasonable than those in the other three. Results showed that the special model gave a betterprediction of nitrogen mineralization under flooded conditions than the other three models.

Synthesis of Wax Esters by Lipase-catalyzed Esterification with Immobilized Lipase from Candida sp. 99-125

Wax esters were synthesized in a solvent free system catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida sp. 99-125, with oleic acid and cetyl alcohol. The effects of substrate molar ratio, lipase dosage and water removal were investigated in a 50 ml flask incubated in a thermostatic cultivation cabinet. The optimized conditions were: temperature 40 ℃, shaking at 170 r·min-1, acid/alcohol molar ratio 1:0.9, lipase dosage in 10% (by mass) of oleic acid, and open reaction for water removal. As a result, the conversion rate reached 98% for reaction of 8 h. The volume of reactor was scaled up to 1 L three-neck flask. The optimized parameters were: 200 r·min-1 agitation speed, 2.5% (by mass) lipase dosage, others were the same as the parameters described above. The conversion rate reached 95% for reaction of 24 h. The lipase retained 46% conversion rate after reuse for 6, 7 batches. The products were purified by removing remained cetyl alcohol and fatty acids with ethanol and saturated sodium carbonate so-lution, respectively. The purity of the wax ester, cetyl oleate, was 96%. The physical and chemical properties of cetyl oleate were tested and compared with those of jojoba oil. The results show that the product cetyl oleate has great potential to use as the substitute of natural jojoba oil.

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival, growth and DNA methylation of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors influencing marine mollusks. In this study, we investigated the individual and combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to different rearing conditions. The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16-28℃ at a constant salinity of 32, and 24-40 at a constant temperature of 20℃, respectively. The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were significantly affected by temperature, salinity and their interaction. The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23-25℃ and 30-36. To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration, the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism （MSAP） technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profiles of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions. Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level, but 67 and 63 differentially methylated loci were identified in temperature and salinity treatments, respectively. The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic differentiation in H. discus hannai Ino. The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile tt. discus hannai Ino, and represent the first step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.

Effect of Heat Treatment Combined with Shoot Tip Culture on the Virus-Free of Arena Strawberry

With Arena strawberry as experimental materials, heat treatments combined with shoot tip culture were used to explore their detoxification effects. The results indicated that if not heated, splitting shoot tips directly could not completely remove viruses. On the other hand, it will be obviously improved after shoot tips are heated. Incubators heat treatment （inconstant temperature） with shoot tip culture, constant temperature water bath incubation process with meristem-tip culture, hot air treatment （constant temperature） with apical meristem culture were three methods tested in searching for virus-free of Arena strawberry in this experiment. And their virus-free rates were 78.9%, 86.0% and 50.0% respectively. Of the three methods, the second, constant temperature water bath process with shoot tip culture, with 78.7% survival, is the best. Thus, it can be inferred that constant temperature water bath treatment combined with shoot tip culture might be the most appropriate method to remove viruses of Arena strawberry.

Effect of diurnal temperature difference on lipid accumulation and development in Calanus sinicus(Copepoda:Calanoida)

Calanus sinicus,the dominant copepod in the Yellow Sea,develops a large oil sac in late spring to prepare for over-summering in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM).The lipid accumulation mechanism for the initiation of over-summering is unknown.Here,we cultured C3 copepodites at four constant temperatures(10,13,16,and 19℃) and at three temperature regimes that mimicked the temperature variations experienced during diurnal vertical migration(10-13℃,10-16℃,and 10-19℃) for 18 days to explore the effects of temperature differences on copepod development and lipid accumulation.C.sinicus stored more lipid at low than at high temperatures.A diurnal temperature difference(10-16℃ and 10-19℃)promoted greater lipid accumulation(1.9-2.1 times) than a constant temperature of either 16℃ or 19℃,by reducing the energy cost at colder temperatures and lengthening copepodite development.Thereafter,the lipid reserve supported gonad development after final molting.Only one male developed in these experiments.This highly female-skewed sex ratio may have been the result of the monotonous microalgae diet fed to the copepodites.This study provides the first evidence that diurnal temperature differences may promote lipid accumulation in C.sinicus,and provides a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms involved in over-summering in the YSCWM.

Simple operated multipurpose temperature control cryostat

A suitable simple optical cryostat for optical, magneto-optical, electrical and thermo-electrical measurements was designed. It is suitable for use in a magnetic pool gap as narrow as less than 1 cm. Throughout a long period of time, the heat diffusion process of the cryostat can be easily operated at slow increase in sample temperature in a range 1.25 K/min at 200 K that will be reduced gradually to 0.66 K at room temperature. Liquid nitrogen was used to cool down the temperature. During the operation, the change in the measured energy gap of a semiconductor sample and other physical parameters resulting from the change of temperature can be corrected through the temperature coefficient of that parameter at the corresponding temperature. The cryostat was successfully used for all experiments mentioned above to measure the properties of a single crystal of GaP (Gallium Phosphate) semiconductor.

A new method for uniform local heating deep in body using ultrasound phased-array system

A new method for targeted heating of deep tissue was developed by using an ultrasound phased-array system which can generate various multiple loci patterns by electronically changing its amplitude or phase pattern. This method involves using a technique of combining switching and rotating of multiple foei patterns to create a uniform temperature over tissue volumes in various size. Using this method, the target tissue deep in the body can be heated to a specified temperature, which gives conditions for thermo-sensi- tive liposomes release. A simulation study for a 108-element, spherically sectioned array was performed to determine an optimal heating scheme from a set of multiple focus fields which were produced by inputting different combinations of phases and amplitudes. Comparisons of a static multiple foei field, the switched fields and the switched-rotated fields indicated that the technique of combining switching and rotating of multiple foei patterns has advantages of both lowering the peak temperature and evening the temperature distribution. The simulation results also show that the therapeutic heating zones in various size （ Φ5mm ～40mm） with uniform temperature distributions can be obtained employing the combined method. These results offer significant data for desisting thermotherapy equipment for tumor-specific drug release with thermo-sensitive liposomes.

Numerical Heat Transfer Modelling for Rapid Impact Assessment of Limiting Thermostat Reliability on Fuel-Oil Burner Pre-Heaters： A Case Study

In this paper, the impact of limiting thermostat on the rupture event occuring in Fuel-Oil burner fuel pre-heaters＇ resistant （heat generating） wires is inspected numerically. Gaseous fuel content in the pipeline has also been issued as a possibility. Heater＇s inner temperature distributions have been simulated by an in-house MATrix LABoratory （MATLAB） script in order to understand the resistant wire exposure to high temperatures by numerous scenarios. It is concluded that the effect of fuel flowrate is not a major effect on the wires＇ fate because of the limiting thermostat co-working. The main difference between the calculations is the effect of thermostat cut off function. The numerical simulations enlightened the dominant effect of thermostat sensing delay, so the overheating event. Intolerable delay results with a quick drop in the thermal efficiency and an increased possibility on wire rupture due to overheating which means a burner malfunction. Referring to the first numerical simulation results, a distributed and reduced heat flux was implemented with the same fluid and thermodynamic properties on a revised pre-heater model with an increased heater plate. The increment, thus the reduction on the heat flux of the ribbon wires has been noted as the key for safe operation.

Estimation of Accumulated Degree Day Value of Six Landmarks within the Pupal Stage of Lucilia sericata

The present paper investigates the pupal development times ofLucilia sericata which were studied in the laboratory at six different constant temperatures （20, 22, 24, 26, 28 ℃ each ± ℃）. Lower thresholds （tL） for development were estimated from the linear regression of the developmental rates on each temperature. These data have made it possible to calculate the ADD （Accumulated Degree-Days） necessary for L. sericata to complete the larval stage and to achieve adult emergence. The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was found to be inversely related to temperature. Additionally, six landmarks in pupal development are showed and for each of the landmarks the ADD value was calculated for every rearing temperature involved. These data assist in calculating the duration of the pupal stage based on morphological characteristics and would be of great value for future forensic entomological casework.

Design and application of automatic constant temperature moxibustion box

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of self-designed automatic constant temperature moxibustion box.Methods:From June 2016 to January 2017,150 patients with neck,shoulder,back and leg pain admitted to our hospital were treated with moxibustion under the informed consent of the patients.The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group,75 cases each.The group used traditional moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment,and the observation group used automatic constant temperature moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment for 15 days.After the treatment,the patient's safety,comfort,satisfaction and adverse reactions were compared,and the results were analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software.Results:The comfort and satisfaction in study group were all superior to that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.01).For patient's safety,the ratio of patients suffered from scald in study and control groups was 5.3/100 and 0,respectively.Conclusions:It is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and preventing medical risks.It is worthy of clinical application.

Research and Development of ITER Bellows Assemblies

In ITER facilities, there are some special expansion joints connected with the openings of cryostat. Expect for the assemblies connected with NB openings, others are rectangular section with big dimensions and severe working conditions and they are important for ITER safe runing.

Evaluation the Effect of Diurnal Temperature Fluctuations on Seed Germination of Pistacia vera L.

This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations on seed germination of Pistacia vera L. The seeds of Badami-e-Zarand and Sarakhs cultivars were treated with the following temperatures： T1 = 24 hr at 25℃, T2= 16 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 8 hr at 10 ℃, T3= 12 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 12 hr at 10℃ and T4= 8 hr at 25℃ ＋ 16 hr at 10℃. The germination percentage was increased by diurnal temperature fluctuations, however all of treatments extended MTG compared to control （T1）. Temperature affected the quality of roots, in a matter that high constant temperature resulted in dichotomous （forked） roots during seed germination of pistachio. The response of cultivars was different in this case, so that, Badami-e-Zarand had higher dichotomous root percentage. This disorder can be decreased by diurnal temperature fluctuation.

A Two-Dimensional Brans—Dicke Star Model with Exotic Matter and Dark Energy

A two-dimensional Brans-Dicke star model with exotic matter and dark energy is studied in this paper,the field equation and balance equation are derived at finite temperature,the analytic solutions of these equations canbe used to calculate the mass of star.In addition,we find that star's mass has a minimum when matter state parameterγ→0.

Modeling of Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process for Glycerol Purification from Biodiesel Production

This paper shows some generalities about the glycerin byproduct obtained from biodiesel production process, presents an analysis of the ternary equilibrium between methanol, water and glycerol, and shows the influence that temperature has on the balance. This phase diagram illustrates ternary equilibrium at 10, 20 and 50 ℃, keeping the pressure constant at 1 atm （atmosphere） to standardize the analysis. The purpose of it is to establish the best temperature for the purification of glycerol by liquid-liquid extraction method under the ＂extraction in several stages cross flow＂ taking an initial mixture of glycerol with composition 15 wt.% water, 25 wt.% methanol and 60 wt.% glycerol. Water was used as liquid-liquid extraction solvent in order to remove as much methanol as possible from the initial solution due to the existence of a zone of insolubility between the glycerol and water in the ternary equilibrium. By this reason, two solutions are obtained, one consisting of water and methanol containing a trace of glycerin and the other consisting of water, glycerine and traces of methanol, which contain only 4.62% of the total methanol which enter in the process of liquid-liquid extraction, with 60.62% of the total glycerol, which is sent to a fractional distillation process to purify glycerin up to 98% by weight.