Semi-supervised discriminant analysis SDA which uses a combination of multiple embedding graphs and kernel SDA KSDA are adopted in supervised speech emotion recognition.When the emotional factors of speech signal samp...Semi-supervised discriminant analysis SDA which uses a combination of multiple embedding graphs and kernel SDA KSDA are adopted in supervised speech emotion recognition.When the emotional factors of speech signal samples are preprocessed different categories of features including pitch zero-cross rate energy durance formant and Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient MFCC as well as their statistical parameters are extracted from the utterances of samples.In the dimensionality reduction stage before the feature vectors are sent into classifiers parameter-optimized SDA and KSDA are performed to reduce dimensionality.Experiments on the Berlin speech emotion database show that SDA for supervised speech emotion recognition outperforms some other state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction methods based on spectral graph learning such as linear discriminant analysis LDA locality preserving projections LPP marginal Fisher analysis MFA etc. when multi-class support vector machine SVM classifiers are used.Additionally KSDA can achieve better recognition performance based on kernelized data mapping compared with the above methods including SDA.展开更多
The part 23 airworthiness standards for small airplanes states minimal standards of the emergency condition for the occupant protection. Under this regulation, the airplane must be designed and certified about static ...The part 23 airworthiness standards for small airplanes states minimal standards of the emergency condition for the occupant protection. Under this regulation, the airplane must be designed and certified about static strength of the fuselage and seats, horizontal and vertical dynamic strength of seats. Human injuries in dynamic crash tests and the survivability in the turnover condition should be also evaluated. The most important part among injuries of human is a head and the head injury is evaluated by Head Injury Criterion （HIC）. KC-100, 4 seats airplane that is manufactured by KAI, was conducted seat dynamic tests. The HIC from tests was well within criteria limits 1,000 and the occupant compartment for head protection provided hazard-free spaces in the occupant＇s head strike envelope for the frontal-horizontal crash impacts. The airplane also was conducted a turnover static test and analysis to especially show living spaces of the head. The airframe could sustain living spaces for occupants in the turnover condition and occupants could escape and be protected. The results of tests and analysis corresponded to the criteria and proved the retention of survivable space in emergency landing condition.展开更多
As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, suc...As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections: a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.展开更多
Colonial New England urban economy was growing prosperity from 17th century to 18th century, all kinds of urban public space was increasing in number, the increasingly rich on the function, which became important plac...Colonial New England urban economy was growing prosperity from 17th century to 18th century, all kinds of urban public space was increasing in number, the increasingly rich on the function, which became important place for colonial population aggregation and consumption. What people from different place come into the big and small cafes, taverns, shops, and the most important Town House took sharing information, emotional communication, business negotiation and other matters, which reflecting the colonial town＇s economic and social progress.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61231002,61273266)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20110092130004)
文摘Semi-supervised discriminant analysis SDA which uses a combination of multiple embedding graphs and kernel SDA KSDA are adopted in supervised speech emotion recognition.When the emotional factors of speech signal samples are preprocessed different categories of features including pitch zero-cross rate energy durance formant and Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient MFCC as well as their statistical parameters are extracted from the utterances of samples.In the dimensionality reduction stage before the feature vectors are sent into classifiers parameter-optimized SDA and KSDA are performed to reduce dimensionality.Experiments on the Berlin speech emotion database show that SDA for supervised speech emotion recognition outperforms some other state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction methods based on spectral graph learning such as linear discriminant analysis LDA locality preserving projections LPP marginal Fisher analysis MFA etc. when multi-class support vector machine SVM classifiers are used.Additionally KSDA can achieve better recognition performance based on kernelized data mapping compared with the above methods including SDA.
文摘The part 23 airworthiness standards for small airplanes states minimal standards of the emergency condition for the occupant protection. Under this regulation, the airplane must be designed and certified about static strength of the fuselage and seats, horizontal and vertical dynamic strength of seats. Human injuries in dynamic crash tests and the survivability in the turnover condition should be also evaluated. The most important part among injuries of human is a head and the head injury is evaluated by Head Injury Criterion （HIC）. KC-100, 4 seats airplane that is manufactured by KAI, was conducted seat dynamic tests. The HIC from tests was well within criteria limits 1,000 and the occupant compartment for head protection provided hazard-free spaces in the occupant＇s head strike envelope for the frontal-horizontal crash impacts. The airplane also was conducted a turnover static test and analysis to especially show living spaces of the head. The airframe could sustain living spaces for occupants in the turnover condition and occupants could escape and be protected. The results of tests and analysis corresponded to the criteria and proved the retention of survivable space in emergency landing condition.
文摘As part of a comprehensive environmental management system, many countries establish emission control targets for mass emissions of a pollutant. Such targets are often the key objective of an environmental policy, such as an emission trading program. In China, however, it is more than just an objective of one particular policy; it has become a concept that has influenced many national environmental policies and activities. The objective of this article is to review the implementation of the total emission control policy in the past 10 years and explore emerging issues in its implementation. The article has three sections: a summary of the implementation experience, issues with the design and implementation of the policy, and policy recommendations.
文摘Colonial New England urban economy was growing prosperity from 17th century to 18th century, all kinds of urban public space was increasing in number, the increasingly rich on the function, which became important place for colonial population aggregation and consumption. What people from different place come into the big and small cafes, taverns, shops, and the most important Town House took sharing information, emotional communication, business negotiation and other matters, which reflecting the colonial town＇s economic and social progress.
