钱澄之“情道”观在散文创作中的体现

钱澄之文以载道的"情道"观,具有鲜明的时代特色和独创精神。他将国破家亡、妻亡子散的切肤之痛付诸笔端,创作了大量感人至深、"情道"一以贯之的散文作品,主要体现在怀念故国、经世致用、悼亡妻孥旧友等作品中,而其中又以悼亡妻儿的散文最具特色。

The Global Value ofMencius＇s Ideas on Moral Feeling and Reason： Reinterpreting the Feeling of Compassion From the Perspective of the Philosophy of Emotion

Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius＇s from five perspectives： （1） In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression ＂siduan＂ or the expression ＂sixin （Four Heart-minds）＂？ （2） In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources？ （3） In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity？ （4） In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature？ （5） What is the global value of Mencius＇s ideas on human moral feeling？ The author concludes that Mencius＇s thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang （grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end） and yongzhong （emloying the middle）. The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, ＂the Way begins from moral feelings,＂ and Confucius and Yah Hui＇s seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.

Sense of courage:The mediating role of courage between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration among nurses in Indian hospitals

Objectives:This study aimed to determine the relationship between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration through the mechanism of moral courage and enhance our understanding of the importance of these nursing concepts to enable the nurses to develop better coping strategies for work-life integration.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed with 249 nurses,including staff nurses,ICU and critical care nurses,operation theatre nurses,pediatric nurses from 17 hospitals.Emotional Reflexivity,work-life integration,and courage were measured using a demographic information questionnaire,Life Project Reflexivity Scale(LPRS),Nurse’s Moral Courage Scale(NMCS),andWork-Life Boundary Enactment(WLBE)scale.A series of multiple regressions analyzed the mediating effect.Results:Emotional Reflexivity was positively correlated with work-life integration(b=0.66,P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between emotional reflexivity and moral courage.But the path did not get the necessary support in the structural equation modeling(SEM)(b=0.13,P=0.40).When controlling for courage(b=0.42,P<0.01),the association was significant between emotional reflexivity and work-life integration with partial mediation.Conclusion:The study reported a positive correlation between reflexivity and work-life integration.Thus,nurses’work-life integration becomes better by reinforcing their emotional reflexivity and moral courage.

The Definition of Pornography and Avoiding Normative Silliness： A Commentary Adjunct to Rea＇s Definition

Many definitions of pornography implicitly involve begging the question concerning its moral value. One exception to this is Michael Rea＇s 2001 definition. The present paper identifies some counter-intuitive consequences of this definition of pornography and seeks to amend it. The aim of the paper is to separate a definitional understanding of pornography from a normative understanding of pornography in order to lay the foundations for future, coherent moral thinking on the subject.

A Shell Model Mass Formula for Exotic Light Nuclei

An analytic phenomenological shell model mass formula for light nuclei is constructed. The formula takes into account the non locality of the self consistent single particle potential and the special features of light nuclei, namely： （a） charge and mass distributions are closer to a Gaussian shape than to the shape characteristic in medium and heavy nuclei; （b） the central charge and mass densities are larger than, and decrease towards, the ＂asymptotic＂ values that are the reference parameters for nuclear matter; and （c） after a shell closure, the next level has a larger orbital angular momentum and a noticeably larger mean square radius. Only then a good numerical fit is obtained with parameters consistent with optical model analysis and empirical spin-orbit couplings. A correlation between the ＂skin effect＂ and the symmetry dependence of the optical potential is established. Towards the neutron drip line the potential well depth, the spin-orbit splitting of the single particle levels and the gap between major shells decrease, as has been observed. The ensuing shift and contraction of the single particle level scheme may lead to： （a） to strong configuration mixing and new magic numbers, and （b） the onset of the halo effect, to avoid the expulsion of single particle levels to the continuum.

On the Experimental Moral Education Pattern

This thesis is designed to propose a feasible moral education pattern forming in experience and idea against the current circumstance of preferring preaching rather than taking action, results than process in moral education according to the development status of morality and the law of somatopsychic development of individual. It aims to start the feeling system of educators, stimulate the in-depth emotional experience, guarantee the smooth transition from moral cognition to moral behavior, and cultivate and create the individual with virtue, healthy mind and body and good manners so as to improve the effectiveness of moral education.

Knowledge, Emotion, and Action Connected to Ethics Learning

In the following paper we try to analyze the main characteristics of teaching ethics at university. In this particular case the student is an adult; we found several special features, for instance that the student has certain ideas and appreciations, certain moral intuitions which may interfere with the learning process. The idea is not just add more information and knowledge to the existing one, but to solve inconsistencies by restructuring prior knowledge. This is a transformation process that relies not only on cognitive aspects but also on sensitivity and action. Knowledge, sensitivity and action are different gateways to the complexity of ethical object at university classrooms. To perform this kind of experience you will need methodological strategies which involve integral education.

明清剑侠小说文化观剖析

明清剑侠小说呈现出的文化观是丰富多彩的。它包含了中国传统文化的诸多元素,如道侠一体的修行实践,超越自然、迈向永恒的生命追求,平面而有层次的空间概念,既赞美又排斥的情爱意识等。其中,道教文化对明清剑侠小说的影响最为深远。

The Diversification of Children＇s Support for Their Parents in the Context of an Aging Society： Concepts and Behavior

China＇s aging society and the family-based model of basic aged care determine that children＇s support for their parents directly affects the standard of living of the majority of the aging population. Existing theories indicate that in this era of social transition, the implications of filial piety have shifted from the traditional emphasis on the parent- child generational relationship and children＇s duty to obey their parents to a dual mode in which family love coexists with the authority of the elders. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey of 2006, we explore the ways in which the two basic dimensions of authoritarian filial piety and reciprocal filial piety connect with various types of filial behavior. The results of our multivariate linear model show that on average, authoritarian filial piety, which emphasizes authority relationships and children＇s duty, increases children＇s financial support for their parents, while reciprocal filial piety, stressing family love and generational equality, significantly increases children＇s emotional support for their parents. A comparison of the basic dimensions of filial piety shows that neither significantly increases children＇s physical support for their parents. Further analysis of the interaction effect indicates that the link between authoritarian filial piety and financial support is more significant among younger groups. In addition, for males, a marginally significant positive relation exists between authoritarian filial piety and physical support for their parents.

The Intrinsic Influence of the Poetics of Yanzhi on Modern Chinese Literature

Rejection and denunciation of the poetics of ＂yanzhi＂ （literally ＂expressing one＇s thought or ideals＂） was once a marker of Chinese literature＇s modem transformation. However, right from the beginning of May Fourth new literature, the poetics of ＂yanzhi＂ was not only not cast out of the aesthetic canon of modem Chinese literature but was, on the contrary, legitimately transmitted via Western discourse. Whether modem Chinese writers were expressing enlightenment ideas of saving the nation or voicing their personal feelings for their country and their people, they remained convinced that ＂zhi＂ was ＂feelings＂ writ large and ＂feelings＂ were a lesser form of ＂zhi.＂ Specifically, the school stressing the idea that ＂literature expresses thought＂ advocated utilitarian literary creation and returned to the traditional Chinese poetics of ＂yanzhi＂ by replacing ＂feelings＂ with ＂zhi.＂ Those stressing the idea that ＂literature expresses feelings＂ advocated writing with genuine emotion; they went on to express ＂zhi＂ via ＂feelings,＂ thus returning to the traditional Chinese way of thought. Both the theory and practice of modem Chinese literature have a strange ＂Western＂ tint. Nevertheless, this literature＇s essential character of ＂reinterpreting the ＇dao＇ （way）＂ and sophisticated ＂expression of thought＂ or ＂yanzhi＂ indicate its value identification withtraditional culture rather than the simple abandonment of ＂tradition＂ in pursuit of ＂the West.＂

Correlation between lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms and quality of life in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE:To explore correlations between the symptoms of constipation and abdominal distention and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in patients with stable disease.METHODS:We studied 191 patients with stable COPD(according to defined criteria)in this cross-sectional study from four three-level class A Chinese medicine hospitals in China.We built an Epidata 3.0 database and performed statistical analysis with SPSS,version 17.0.We analyzed correlations between the frequency of lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms(constipation and abdominal distention)and scores for major pulmonary symptoms(cough,sputum and wheezing)based on the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),6-minute walking distance(6MWD)and frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD(AECOPD).RESULTS:In addition to their pulmonary symptoms,39.79%and 40.31%of study patients withstable COPD reported constipation and abdominal distention,respectively.Scores for major pulmonary symptoms(cough,sputum and wheezing),AECOPD and SGRQ values in patients with constipation and abdominal distention were significantly greater,and the 6MWD markedly shorter,than in those without them.According to Pearson's correlation analysis,there were strong correlations between these lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms and scores for pulmonary symptoms,SGRQ,6MWD and AECOPD.CONCLUSION:Lower gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as constipation and abdominal distention can adversely affect pulmonary symptoms,frequency of acute exacerbations and quality of life in patients with stable COPD.