A novel initiative in providing advanced civic amenities is the idea of smart city driven by the lnternet of Things. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a smart city, diverse smart city architectur...A novel initiative in providing advanced civic amenities is the idea of smart city driven by the lnternet of Things. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a smart city, diverse smart city architectures have been proposed. However, it is observed that adequate consideration is not given to the most important element of a smart city i.e. its people. In our opinion, energy efficient technologically driven city does not necessarily lead to a smart city. Ethics, tradition and law form essential ingredients of complex social palette that cannot be ignored. In this work we propose Ethics-Aware Object-Oriented Smart City Architecture （EOSCA） that has two distinguishing features. Firstly, we propose an object oriented layered architecture where an object represents an abstraction of a real world thing along with requisite security and ethics parameters. Secondly, we propose to integrate socio-cultural and ethical aspects within the smart city architecture by dedicating a separate ethics layer. Such enhancement not only addresses the challenge of privacy and security of a smart city, but also makes it people friendly by incorporating ethics. Such measures would facilitate social acceptance of smart city paradigm and augment its economic value.展开更多
New face drinkers and social media use gain popularity among adolescents in Thailand. Previous studies support relationships between exposures to marketing communications on alcohol consumption. This study proposed to...New face drinkers and social media use gain popularity among adolescents in Thailand. Previous studies support relationships between exposures to marketing communications on alcohol consumption. This study proposed to examine influence of exposure to social media and drinking intention. Participants comprised of 2,565 students grade 4th-12th from randomly selected 11 provinces across Thailand. Drinking intention was at moderate level for students who ever drink （mean = 3.66, SD = 1.06）, low level among never drink （mean = 2.43, SD = .81）, and overall students （mean = 2.85, SD = 1.08）. The ever drink group were moderately communicated through Facebook （mean = 3.17, SD = 1.56） and Line （mean = 2.53, SD = 1.58）. Regression analysis revealed weak but significant relationship of social media that explain 1.3%-5.2% of drinking intention among Thai students. Therefore, more study is needed to effectively understand and regulate the use of social media and prevention or delaying youth from using alcohol.展开更多
The behavior of the perturbation map is analyzed quantitatively by using the concept of contingent derivatives for set-valued maps under Benson proper efficiency. Let W(u) = Pmin[G(u),S],y∧∈W(u∧). It is shown that,...The behavior of the perturbation map is analyzed quantitatively by using the concept of contingent derivatives for set-valued maps under Benson proper efficiency. Let W(u) = Pmin[G(u),S],y∧∈W(u∧). It is shown that, under some conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S] , and under some other conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S].展开更多
文摘A novel initiative in providing advanced civic amenities is the idea of smart city driven by the lnternet of Things. Owing to a lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a smart city, diverse smart city architectures have been proposed. However, it is observed that adequate consideration is not given to the most important element of a smart city i.e. its people. In our opinion, energy efficient technologically driven city does not necessarily lead to a smart city. Ethics, tradition and law form essential ingredients of complex social palette that cannot be ignored. In this work we propose Ethics-Aware Object-Oriented Smart City Architecture （EOSCA） that has two distinguishing features. Firstly, we propose an object oriented layered architecture where an object represents an abstraction of a real world thing along with requisite security and ethics parameters. Secondly, we propose to integrate socio-cultural and ethical aspects within the smart city architecture by dedicating a separate ethics layer. Such enhancement not only addresses the challenge of privacy and security of a smart city, but also makes it people friendly by incorporating ethics. Such measures would facilitate social acceptance of smart city paradigm and augment its economic value.
文摘New face drinkers and social media use gain popularity among adolescents in Thailand. Previous studies support relationships between exposures to marketing communications on alcohol consumption. This study proposed to examine influence of exposure to social media and drinking intention. Participants comprised of 2,565 students grade 4th-12th from randomly selected 11 provinces across Thailand. Drinking intention was at moderate level for students who ever drink （mean = 3.66, SD = 1.06）, low level among never drink （mean = 2.43, SD = .81）, and overall students （mean = 2.85, SD = 1.08）. The ever drink group were moderately communicated through Facebook （mean = 3.17, SD = 1.56） and Line （mean = 2.53, SD = 1.58）. Regression analysis revealed weak but significant relationship of social media that explain 1.3%-5.2% of drinking intention among Thai students. Therefore, more study is needed to effectively understand and regulate the use of social media and prevention or delaying youth from using alcohol.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(69972036)
文摘The behavior of the perturbation map is analyzed quantitatively by using the concept of contingent derivatives for set-valued maps under Benson proper efficiency. Let W(u) = Pmin[G(u),S],y∧∈W(u∧). It is shown that, under some conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S] , and under some other conditions, DW(u∧,y∧) Pmin[DG(u∧,y∧),S].
