“意格”论:龙榆生《近三百年名家词选》的词史建构与词学批评史意义

龙榆生《近三百年名家词选》提出清词“以意格为主”,此“意格”不仅是龙榆生的选词宗旨,也是龙榆生衡论宋以后词史的重要标准,同样是龙榆生的论词宗旨。梳理龙榆生“意格”论的语意与语境运用的进程,推溯“意格”论与晚清词学的渊源关系,可以确定所谓“意格”,即指意境和体格,具体则指词人在创作中用含蓄、委婉或比兴、寄寓的艺术手法表现他沉郁、深厚、幽微的士大夫情怀与情感。《近三百年名家词选》是龙榆生“意格”论的选本实践,词选通过选词的题材与内容、词人小传、词作集评等方式多方面、多层次地彰显了“意格”的内涵。“意格”同样是龙榆生通过词选建构清词史的理论根基,《近三百年名家词选》对清词发展的脉络、清词发展的特征、清代词学演变的规律、清代词人的词史价值与地位都有比较客观公正的展现,是现代词学视野下的优秀并具有个性的选本。“意格”论也是现代词学批评学史上以传统形态呈现的典型范畴,它与龙榆生等所开创的现代词学的理念与方法是融为一体的,同时比较胡适、胡云翼、俞平伯等人的词选后,可以发现现代词学吸纳了传统词学的优良因素后,反而更具包容性与合理性,也有更广阔的生长空间。

Grice＇s theory of conversational implicature

Understanding an utterance is far from proposition analysis and literal meaning interpretation. It is the unity of what is said and what is implicated. Grice＇s theory of conversational implicature provides some explicit account of how it is possible to mean more than what is literally expressed by the conventional sense of the linguistic expressions uttered. Using this theory, we can infer the speaker＇s real attention, appreciate figure of speech in literary work, and improve our communicative competence.