“报人”身份与近现代作家的小说创作——以梁启超、茅盾、张恨水为例

梁启超、茅盾和张恨水是中国近现代文学史上不可或缺的人物,他们为中国近代或现代文学发展做出了卓越贡献。深受"报人"身份和经历的影响是这三位作家小说创作的共同特点。它以富于层次性的方式显示了近现代中国的重要文化特性,并从特定方面彰显了中国近现代作家在文学创作中表现出来的责任担当。从与报刊关系角度看文学创作,还可以促使中国近现代文学研究进入大视域并有效回归到创作现场。

“报人”释义

"报人"一词虽然出现较晚,却是在新闻从业人员的称谓中使用时间较长、美誉度较高的名称之一。学界对"报人"指称的对象,看法不一。考虑到近现代中国报刊类型的特点和报刊工作的复杂性,"报人"指称的对象不应该仅仅是在报刊工作中做出过突出贡献的新闻界名人。与新闻职业化发展相适应,"报人"应该是报业内直接从事新闻采写和评论写作等内容生产的一线工作者和直接指导内容生产的报业管理人员的统称。

媒体融合背景下“报人刘亚东”的传播特色及价值建构

随着社会的进步发展,媒介技术不断革新,在当今媒体融合背景下,众多媒体都在寻求新的出路。“报人刘亚东”微信公众号自创办以来就以关注社会热点、针砭时弊为己任,尤其是在科技领域做出了突出贡献。本文主要探究“报人刘亚东”在媒体融合背景下的传播特色及价值建构,研究发现该公众号在传播内容层面密切关注社会时事热点与突出问题,借助优质的内容生产来保持用户黏性,同时在传播形式上不断创新,注重与受众之间的贴近性和交互性。此外,该公众号在引导公众舆论走向、承担社会责任层面亦发挥了重要作用。

Factors affecting the quality of life of patients after gastrectomy as assessed using the newly developed PGSAS-45 scale: A nationwide multi-institutional study

AIM To identify certain clinical factors other than the type of gastrectomy which affect the postoperative quality of life(QOL) of patients after gastrectomy.METHODS The postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale(PGSAS)-45 was designed to assess the severity of symptoms, the living status and the QOL of gastrectomized patients. It consists of 45 items, of which 22 are original items while 23 were retrieved from the SF-8 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale questionnaires with permission. A nationwide surveillance study to validate PGSAS was conducted and 2368 gastric cancer patients who underwent various types of gastrectomy at 52 medical institutions were enrolled. Of these, 1777 patients who underwent total gastrectomy(TG) reconstructed with Roux-Y(n = 393), distal gastrectomy(DG) reconstructed with Billroth-I(n = 909), or DG reconstructed with Roux-Y(n = 475) were evaluated in the current study. The influence of the type of gastrectomy and other clinical factors such as age, sex, duration after surgery, the symptom severity, the degree of weight loss, dietary intake, and the ability for working on the postoperative QOL(i.e., dissatisfaction for daily life subscale, physical component summary and mental component summary of the SF-8) were examined by multiple regression analysis(MRA). In addition, importance of various symptoms such as esophageal reflux, abdominal pain, meal-related distress, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation and dumping on the postoperative living status and QOL were also appraised by MRA.RESULTS The postoperative QOL were significantly deteriorated in patients who underwent TG compared to those after DG. However, the extent of gastrectomy was not an influential factor on patients' QOL when adjusted by the MRA. Among various clinical factors, the symptom severity, ability for working, and necessity for additional meals were the most influential factorsto the postoperative QOL. As for the individual symptoms, meal-related distress, dumping, abdominal pain, and esophageal reflux significantly affected the postoperative QOL in that order, while the influence of indigestion, diarrhea and constipation was insignificant. CONCLUSION Several clinical factors such as the symptom severity(especially in meal-related distress and dumping), ability for working and necessity for additional meals were the main factors which affected the patients' wellbeing after gastrectomy.

FEASIBLE STUDY ON THE INTEGRATION SYSTEM FOR THE SPACE MONITORING OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES IN TERRESTRIAL LAND

With the rapid development of space technology,earth observation tech nology and sky observatory technolo-gy,they have played a more and more im portant part in monitoring and predi cting of earthquakes and volcanoes i n the terres-trial land.In recent years,the rela ted agencies have done the experimen ts and researches on monitoring and p redicting of earthquakes and volcanoes in the forewarning period by means of many appr oaches,such as satellite thermal in frared re-mote sensing(TIRS),Global Positioning System(GPS),differential interferometric syn thesis aperture radar(D-INSAR),astronomical time-latitude residual anomaly,and Geographic Information Systems (GIS),etc.A quite large number of re-search foundation has been built in t he fundamental theories and applica tion methods.The experiments and re searches have shown that these technology is e fficient methods for high frequency crust movement.If the existed separate scientific forces and results are possibly asse mbled together to form a more complete integration monitoring system wit h the combina-tion of space,sky observation,grou nd,deep geology and macro anomaly,i t will come into a new stage of monitoring and predicting of earthquakes and volca nic eruptions.

Artificial network prediction on degradable properties of coal-filled films

Utilized degradable data of coal-filled films from the accelerated UV chamber ageing degradation experiments, and on the basis of control factors’ analysis, presented a predicting model on degradable properties of this film in photo-degradation according to back-propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN). 4 controlling factors in films degrada-tion, including temperature, the time of UV irradiation, the concentration and the type of coals were used as input parameters in the ANN model. While the degradable properties after film degradation, including the mechanical properties and carbonyl index, were used as output parameters. It was carried out by the neural network toolbox of Matlab 6.5 soft-ware and Visual Basic 6.0. Discussed partition of sample data and model’s parameters, and then selected the best configuration of ANN network. The accurate scope of predicting results was analyzed. This model has a high precision in predicting on properties of the coal-filled film degradation.

Multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot

Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is un- known how ttrbanization has affected these behaviors. Multimodal commtmication, involving more than one sensory modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be pre- sented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrasted to determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presented wild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western Massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel model that produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodal component on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and that their combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. （2009） by providing data on sig- naling behavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics are present. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in the urban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio to visual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 313-326, 2010].

Confirmatory factor analysis of VISA-P scale and measurement invariance across sexes in athletes with patellar tendinopathy

Background:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella(VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Previous exploratory factor analyses have been conducted to evaluate the scale's dimensionality,with inconsistent results,and the factor structure of the scale remains unclear.The aims of the present study were to determine the factorial structure of the VISA-P scale using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and test measurement invariance across sexes.Methods:The study included a convenience sample of 249 Spanish athletes with patellar tendinopathy.CFA was performed to assess factorial validity.Hypothesized 1-and 2-factor models were tested.Measurement invariance across sexes was evaluated via multi-group CFA with several fit indices using EQS 6.1 software.Results:The internal consistency coefficient was 0.74.Several CFA models were examined and the 1-factor model in which errors for Items 7 and8 were correlated showed acceptable fit in terms of comparative fit index(CFI) and goodness-of-fit index(GFI) statistics(CFI = 0.93;GFI = 0.94;standardized root mean square residual = 0.06;root mean square error of approximation = 0.10;90% confidence interval:0.08–0.13).This model was invariant across sexes.Conclusion:The 1-factor model of the Spanish version of the VISA-P scale(VISA-P-Sp) in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated demonstrated relative fit in CFA.Scores obtained via VISA-P-Sp can be compared between men and women without sexes bias.Further studies should examine the VISA-P scale and other single-score patient-reported outcome measures concurrently.

Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument,GERD-TEST,for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

To evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly developed questionnaire, known as the gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test (GERD-TEST), in patients with GERD.METHODSJapanese patients with predominant GERD symptoms recruited according to the Montreal definition were treated for 4 wk using a standard dose of proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The GERD-TEST and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8) were administered at baseline and after 4 wk of treatment. The GERD-TEST contains three domains: the severity of GERD and functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms (5 items), the level of dissatisfaction with daily life (DS) (4 items), and the therapeutic efficacy as assessed by the patients and medication compliance (4 items).RESULTSA total of 290 patients were eligible at baseline; 198 of these patients completed 4 wk of PPI therapy. The internal consistency reliability as evaluated using the Cronbach’s α values for the GERD, FD and DS subscales ranged from 0.75 to 0.82. The scores for the GERD, FD and DS items/subscales were significantly correlated with the physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-8. After 4 wk of PPI treatment, the scores for the GERD items/subscales were greatly reduced, ranging in value from 1.51 to 1.87 and with a large effect size (P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d; 1.29-1.63). Statistically significant differences in the changes in the scores for the GERD items/subscales were observed between treatment responders and non-responders (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONThe GERD-TEST has a good reliability, a good convergent and concurrent validity, and is responsive to the effects of treatment. The GERD-TEST is a simple, easy to understand, and multifaceted PRO instrument applicable to both clinical trials and the primary care of GERD patients.

Design of Intelligent Fire Alarm System for Large Storage Places Based on AVRmega128 Single Chip Microcomputer

With principles of reliability, independence, practicality and economical effi- ciency, a set of intelligent fire alarm system based on AVRmega128 single chip microcomputer was designed to solve problems of fire alarm system in many large- scale warehouses. Using advanced flame sensor, 485 bus communication, computer interactive software and related peripheral devices, this intelligent fire alarm system has functions of sound-light alarm and intelligent fire extinguishing. The human-com- puter interactive software was adopted for the remote control of the alarm main control panel through the 485 bus communication. This design of intelligent fire alarm system shows high reference and practical value to the development of intel- ligent alarm products with high integration and high reliability.

Adult Medulloblastoma Associated with Syringomyelia:A Case Report

The association between cerebellar medulloblastoma and syringomyelia is uncommon and only found in pediatric patients.To date,adult medulloblastoma associated with syringomyelia has not been reported in the literature.Paroxysmal bradycardia is an uncommon clinical manifestation in posterior fossa tumors and likely to be vagally mediated via brainstem preganglionic cardiac motor neurons.This report introduces the diagnosis and treatment of a case of adult medulloblastoma associated with syringomyelia, which presented with paroxysmal bradycardia.

Laryngo-tracheobronchial Amyloidosis:a Case Report and Review of Literature

AMYLOIDOSIS is a benign process which can have systemic involvement. Though larynx is the common site of localized amyloidosis in the head and neck region,I it was seldom reported with heterochronous implication of bilateral ventricles. Here we report a case of laryngeal amyloidosis heterochronously localized at bilateral ventricles with tracheobronchial involvement. Combined with our experience we reviewed the literature, and discuss the pertinent managements of this condition.

Frequency and barriers of reporting workplace violence in nurses:An online survey in China

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the reporting of workplace violence against nurses and the reasons why they did not reported.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire regarding workplace violence and reporting was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey on nurses who submitted a manuscript to a Chinese nursing journal from 2016 to 2017.A total of 324 nurses agreed to participate in this study and 266 participants from 165 hospitals in 72 cities returned questionnaires.Results:A total of 172 nurses(64.7%)experienced violent incidents during the past year.Of these incidents,45.5%were reported;and the reporting rate of physical assaults(69.0%)was higher than those of verbal abuse(36.9%),threatening behavior(51.7%),and sexual harassment(60.0%).Formal reporting accounted for 25.4%(15.4%in written form and 10.0%through a computer-assisted reporting system).Almost half of the nurses(49.6%)stated that the hospital had no reporting system or they were uncertain about the reporting system.For reasons of not reporting,51.9%of the nurses were unware of how and what types of violence to report,and 50.6%of the nurses believed that the hospital paid greater attention to patients rather than staff.Conclusions:A clear definition of workplace violence and reporting procedures,establishment of a facile system for reporting,and supervisory support following a reporting are urgently required.

Plasmablastic lymphoma of the small intestine:Case report and literature review

Plasmablastic lymphoma(PBL) is a rare aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder,which has been characterized by the World Health Organization as a new entity.Although PBL is most commonly seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive patients,it can also be seen in extraoral sites in immunocompromised patients who are HIV-negative.Here we present a rare case of PBL of the small intestine in a 55-year-old HIV-negative male.Histopathological examination of the excisional lesion showed a large cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation diffusely infiltrating the small intestine and involving the surrounding organs.The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for CD79a,CD138 and CD10 and partly positive for CD38 and epithelial membrane antigen.Approximately 80% of the tumor cells were positive for Ki-67.A monoclonal rearrangement of the kappa light chain gene was demonstrated.The patient died approximately 1.5 mo after diagnosis in spite of receiving two courses of the CHOP chemotherapy regimen.In a review of the literature,this is the first case report of PBL with initial presentation in the small intestine without HIV and Epstein-Barr virus infection,and a history of hepatitis B virus infection and radiotherapy probably led to the iatrogenic immunocompromised state.

Primary Pleural Extranodal Non-Hodgkin＇s Lymphoma Presenting As Pleural Thickening-A Case Report

Primary pleural lymphoma is a rare entity that has been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection or pyothorax. This paper reports on a 27 year old man with no history of HIV infection or pyothorax who presented with progressive dyspnea and heaviness of chest.Chest radiography revealed complete opacification of the left hemithorax, and contrast enhanced computed tomography showed large left pleural effusion and homogeneous, extensive thickening of the parietal pleura. CT guided biopsy of thickened pleura is suggestive of non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma-T cell lymphoblastic variety. Physicians should be aware of this rare location of primary pleural lymphoma manifested by thickening of the pleura.

The Conversational Implicature in Sense and Sensibility -A CP Perspective

Sense and Sensibility is Jane Austen’s debut which uses Elinor’s and Marianne’s marriage life as the main line, describing exquisitely and vividly the protagonists’ love and marriage. Since the dialogue is one of the basic ways to shape characters in literary works, the analysis of dialogues, especially that of those contradictory dialogues helps better analyze the novel itself. This paper analyzes different conversational implicatures in the typical dialogues in Sense and Sensibility, in order to help us to understand character differences, and to further understand the novel’ s theme. Through the analysis, this paper finds that there exist many indirect expressions in the dialogues in Sense and Sensibility, which reflect that characters violate the four maxims of Cooperative Principle in order to implicitly express their true thoughts and avoid such unpleasant communicational effects as embarrassment and conflict.

Intentional introduction of Artemia sinica(Anostraca) in the high-altitude Tibetan lake Dangxiong Co:the new population and consequences for the environment and for humans

The imbalance between supply and demand of Artemia cysts in China and around the world is increasing now.Salt lakes in Tibet may contribute to the solution of the problem.In Northern Tibet there are 26 saline lakes whose salinity and temperature may support Artemia survival at an altitude of 4 000–5 100 m.We found Artemia in 15 of these lakes.The saline lakes with Artemia populations mainly belong to the shallow basin lakes,and the majority of these lakes are small in area.The total area of lakes without Artemia is more than 1 000 km 2.Lake Dangxiong Co(Co means lake in Tibet) was chosen for the intentional introduction of Artemia sinica.In 2004,850 g of A.sinica cysts,originating from Qinghai,were introduced in the lake.Surveys in 2006–2014 showed that the average abundance of Artemia adults in the lake gradually increased from 20 ind./m 3 in 2006 to 1950 ind./m 3 in 2013.We assume that two subpopulations of A.sinica,separated by depth,may exist in the lake.The new Artemia population caused an increase in the number of species of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protozoa with a decrease of their total abundance.Water transparency also increased.Dominance in phytoplankton passed from cyanobacteria to diatoms.Changes occurred not only in the lake ecosystem;the number of water birds using the lakes also dramatically increased.Preliminary calculations showed that is it possible to harvest at least about 150 t cysts per year from the lake as well as 3.2 thousand tons of frozen or 350 t of dried biomass of adult Artemia.

Effectiveness of fire needle combining with moist healing dressing to promote the growth of granulation tissue in chronic wounds:A case report

In this case study,we analyzed the wound-healing process of a patient with a chronic wound who underwent fire needle treatment,and we tracked the coverage of granulation tissue and decrease of slough and exudate.An 85-year-old man had repeated right shoulder and back pain,itching,and skin festering for more than 1.5 years.A fire needle was administered combined with moist dressing once every 5 days to promote wound healing.After six rounds of fire needle treatment,granulation tissue formed over the surface of the wound base,the depth of the wound had become shallow,and the wound area was reduced.No complications occurred during the intervention.Fire needle therapy combined with a moist wound-healing dressing can be an effective alternative approach in managing chronic wounds.

Promoting the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the New Century

Reviewing the past, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 20th century experienced vicissitude. Since the founding the People's Republic of China, especially for the past twenty years, traditional Chinese medicine undertaking, full of vigor and vitality, has made an unprecedented development in China. The legal status and scientific status of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology have already been established. The medical system of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, ethnic minority medicine hospitals, integration of traditional and western medicine hospitals and comprehensive hospitals, is playing an important role in preventing, treating diseases and enhancing people's health level. The system of production and circulation for traditional Chinese medicine has basically guaranteed the people's demand for Chinese medicine, with the principles of producing medicinal materials as basis, taking Chinese medicine industry as pillar and Chinese medicine as link. Remarkable achievements have been scored in the research of TCM development as well as research of TCM basic theory and clinical treatment. A number of scientific and technological results have been transformed into productive forces. TCM education has formed a rational pattern based on inheriting traditional way of transmission from master to disciple as well as taking the university and college education as the main part. Minority medical science has been further explored and sorted out; the level of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research for ethnic minority medicines has been improved. As the contingent of integrated traditional and western medicine is growing steadily, medical treatment system, scientific research system and teaching system for integrated traditional and western medicine takes shape progressively. International exchange and cooperation on traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly promoted. Various forms of cooperative relations on the TCM medical treatment, teaching and scientific research have been established between China and many other countries and regions in the world. With the increasing influence of TCM in the world, the accomplishment of traditional Chinese medicine in the 20th century has attracted world attention.

Rationality and Risk Management of the Basic Old-age Insurance Fund Invested in the Capital Market

With the accelerated development of population aging, the pressure to pay for the future pension fund in our country is increasing. Affected by many factors, such as investment limits, inflation and interest rate cut, the rate of return on investment is very low. The introduction of the new policy allows the basic pension fund to enter the capital market, which is of great significance to improve the rate of return on investment, ease the pressure of capital gap, and promote the healthy development of the capital market. This paper makes a deep analysis of the rationality of the basic endowment insurance fund entering the market, and then puts forward some suggestions to avoid the risk of the pension market.