“控制权”理论视角下政府与基层体育社会组织互动关系的创新

处理好政府与基层体育社会组织的关系是推动体育社会组织健康发展的基本前提。运用文献资料法等研究方法,以“控制权”理论为分析视角,阐释“控制权”理论包含的目标设定权、检查验收权和激励分配权等3个维度,指出政府与基层体育社会组织之间存在体制性痼疾、机制性弊端和政策性障碍等问题,并提出创新策略:突破高依附性瓶颈,从“运动型动员”到“分权化治理”;革除强行政化流弊,从“权威管理”到“调适性协商”;破解低自由度难题,从“层层加码”到“鼓劲撑腰”;形成上下合力,从“向上交差”到“协同联动”。

乡村振兴背景下农村改革内卷化及其破解--“控制权”理论的视角

改革开放四十多年来,中央政府在农村进行了一系列制度设计并输入了大量公共资源。然而,城乡二元发展问题依然突出。农村改革陷入了内卷化,表现为:农村基本制度改革内卷化、分利秩序导致农村治理内卷化、资源下乡过程中基层政权合法性下降。基于“控制权”理论解构农村改革,发现农村改革内卷化的关键要素是官僚制内部由于委托方(中央政府)无法经过管理方(省市级政府)对代理方(县乡级政府)实施有效监控,官僚制内部出现了权力异化现象。因此,乡村振兴背景下农村改革内卷化破解的逻辑就是:在官僚体制内委托方加强对管理方和代理方监控的同时,在官僚体制之外寻找力量以形成改革合力。同时,基于此逻辑探讨了破解农村改革内卷化的进路。

“控制权”理论与政府治理:一个研究评述

基于经济学的不完全契约思想,“控制权”理论从目标设置、考核验收、激励分配三个维度研究政府组织的结构特征和运行逻辑。近年来,在中国政府治理的研究中,“控制权”理论被广泛运用,在组织结构、政策执行、项目制三个领域中都有大量研究借用“控制权”理论进行分析,学术影响显著。但是,学界对“控制权”理论的运用条件和适用度还缺乏深入讨论。同时,从社会学、政治学等多学科的视角来看,“控制权”理论忽视了组织内非均衡权责的特征,仅从“控制权”的角度难以完整讨论中国政府治理的一些重要问题。

“控制权”、基层政府行为与精准扶贫目标的实现和偏离——以豫西Y县为例

扶贫目标的偏离是当前精准扶贫领域研究的重要议题。本研究引入'控制权'理论,从压力型科层制和项目制交叉的视角对扶贫部门中资源的'控制权'进行了仔细分析。研究发现,中央的'高位推动'和层层施压,使得地方政府的利益和目标与中央趋于一致,这有助于精准扶贫目标的实现;但严格的科层制和项目制的理性化要求严重束缚地方政府的自主性,地方政府出于自身政治利益和政治风险做出与精准扶贫目标偏离的行为。基于以上结论,提出在精准扶贫领域解制型政府的思路,注重减贫成效的评估,变过程考核为结果考核,激发地方政府的自主性和积极性。

STUDY ON THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING RATIONAL CUBIC CURVES AND CURVED SURFACE INCLUDING CONTROLLING PARAMETERS

By adopting the method of controlling parameters this paper describes the construction of various kinds of cubic curve segment and curved surface fragment with rational and non rational parameters, and discusses the relationship between controlling parameters, weighted factors and types, kinds and characteristics of curve segments and curved surface fragments. A mathematical method is provided for CAGD with abundant connotations, broad covering region, convenience, flexibility and direct simplicity.

Attribute-Based Access Control for Multi-Authority Systems with Constant Size Ciphertext in Cloud Computing

In most existing CP-ABE schemes, there is only one authority in the system and all the public keys and private keys are issued by this authority, which incurs ciphertext size and computation costs in the encryption and decryption operations that depend at least linearly on the number of attributes involved in the access policy. We propose an efficient multi-authority CP-ABE scheme in which the authorities need not interact to generate public information during the system initialization phase. Our scheme has constant ciphertext length and a constant number of pairing computations. Our scheme can be proven CPA-secure in random oracle model under the decision q-BDHE assumption. When user's attributes revocation occurs, the scheme transfers most re-encryption work to the cloud service provider, reducing the data owner's computational cost on the premise of security. Finally the analysis and simulation result show that the schemes proposed in this thesis ensure the privacy and secure access of sensitive data stored in the cloud server, and be able to cope with the dynamic changes of users' access privileges in large-scale systems. Besides, the multi-authority ABE eliminates the key escrow problem, achieves the length of ciphertext optimization and enhances the effi ciency of the encryption and decryption operations.

Permission and role automatic assigning of user in role-based access control

Role mining and setup affect the usage of role-based access control(RBAC).Traditionally,user's role and permission assigning are manipulated by security administrator of system.However,the cost is expensive and the operating process is complex.A new role analyzing method was proposed by generating mappings and using them to provide recommendation for systems.The relation among sets of permissions,roles and users was explored by generating mappings,and the relation between sets of users and attributes was analyzed by means of the concept lattice model,generating a critical mapping between the attribute and permission sets,and making the meaning of the role natural and operational.Thus,a role is determined by permission set and user's attributes.The generated mappings were used to automatically assign permissions and roles to new users.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient.

A Mandatory Access Control Framework in Virtual Machine System with Respect to Multi-level Security I： Theory

At present,there are few security models which control the communication between virtual machines (VMs).Moreover,these models are not applicable to multi-level security (MLS).In order to implement mandatory access control (MAC) and MLS in virtual machine system,this paper designs Virt-BLP model,which is based on BLP model.For the distinction between virtual machine system and non-virtualized system,we build elements and security axioms of Virt-BLP model by modifying those of BLP.Moreover,comparing with BLP,the number of state transition rules of Virt-BLP is reduced accordingly and some rules can only be enforced by trusted subject.As a result,Virt-BLP model supports MAC and partial discretionary access control (DAC),well satisfying the requirement of MLS in virtual machine system.As space is limited,the implementation of our MAC framework will be shown in a continuation.

Attribute-Based Access Control Scheme with Efficient Revocation in Cloud Computing

Attribute-based encryption(ABE) supports the fine-grained sharing of encrypted data.In some common designs,attributes are managed by an attribute authority that is supposed to be fully trustworthy.This concept implies that the attribute authority can access all encrypted data,which is known as the key escrow problem.In addition,because all access privileges are defined over a single attribute universe and attributes are shared among multiple data users,the revocation of users is inefficient for the existing ABE scheme.In this paper,we propose a novel scheme that solves the key escrow problem and supports efficient user revocation.First,an access controller is introduced into the existing scheme,and then,secret keys are generated corporately by the attribute authority and access controller.Second,an efficient user revocation mechanism is achieved using a version key that supports forward and backward security.The analysis proves that our scheme is secure and efficient in user authorization and revocation.

MAVP-FE:Multi-Authority Vector Policy Functional Encryption with Efficient Encryption and Decryption

In cloud,data access control is a crucial way to ensure data security.Functional encryption(FE) is a novel cryptographic primitive supporting fine-grained access control of encrypted data in cloud.In FE,every ciphertext is specified with an access policy,a decryptor can access the data if and only if his secret key matches with the access policy.However,the FE cannot be directly applied to construct access control scheme due to the exposure of the access policy which may contain sensitive information.In this paper,we deal with the policy privacy issue and present a mechanism named multi-authority vector policy(MAVP) which provides hidden and expressive access policy for FE.Firstly,each access policy is encoded as a matrix and decryptors can only obtain the matched result from the matrix in MAVP.Then,we design a novel function encryption scheme based on the multi-authority spatial policy(MAVPFE),which can support privacy-preserving yet non-monotone access policy.Moreover,we greatly improve the efficiency of encryption and decryption in MAVP-FE by shifting the major computation of clients to the outsourced server.Finally,the security and performance analysis show that our MAVP-FE is secure and efficient in practice.

Review on the Study of the Allocation of Corporate Control in Enterprise Theory

With the establishment of a modem corporate system, the separation of ownership and management appears in the company. The rational allocation of corporate control between different behavioral agents has attracted more and more attention. This paper points out that scholars have studied the allocation of corporate control from the angles of the agency cost theory, property rights theory, corporate finance theory, and the theory of corporate governance, which has great value. However, the existing theories also have some flaws on the allocation of corporate control. First, people still have different understandings and views over the meaning of corporate control. Secondly, the existing research theoretically only observes and studies an arrangement of sheer level control, the allocation between final control and real control. This paper argues to build the two-tier allocation of corporate control： The first tier relation is between ultimate control rights and actual control rights, the second tier relation is between indirect control rights and direct control rights which are in actual control rights. This study can explain the resource allocation effects of corporate control, promote the development and improvement of the theory of the firm.

Model predictive flux control of permanent magnet synchronous motor driven by three-level inverter based on fine-division strategy

Aiming at the difficulty of setting the weight coefficient in the value function of model predictive torque control(MPTC)for permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)driven by three-level inverter,a fine-division model predictive flux control(MPFC)method is proposed.First,establish a mathematical model between the motor torque and the stator flux linkage according to the mathematical equations of PMSM.Thus,the control of the motor torque and stator flux linkage in the MPTC is transformed into the control of a single stator flux linkage vector,omitting the cumbersome weight setting process in the traditional MPTC.The midpoint potential control strategy is proposed,which uses the characteristics of redundant small vectors to balance the midpoint potential.After that,a fine-division strategy is proposed,which effectively reduces the number of candidate vectors and the computational burden of the system.Finally,the proposed MPFC is compared with MPTC by simulation.The results show that the proposed fine-division MPFC effectively reduces the system calculation,and has the advantages of simple principle and better dynamic and steady-state control performance.The feasibility of the control strategy is verified.

Assessment of Non-chemical Alternatives for Controlling the Burrowing Nematode on Banana in Costa Rica

The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.

The New Method to Determine Ownership Stake to Exercise Control： An Empirical Analysis on Italian Companies

The idea of this work arises from the analysis of the researches developed in the literature on topic of ownership and control that are mostly based on threshold of ownership stake to determine control equal for all companies and, in most cases, not supported by theoretical arguments and empirical evidences. In fact, the aim of this paper is to build a new method of determining the threshold of ownership stake that allows the shareholder to exercise control. In particular, this survey uses all Italian listed companies as reference, and the minutes of the Ordinary and Extraordinary General Meetings of shareholders, in 2009-2012, as database. The topic can be enriched with further and future researches aiming to adapt this new method in a cross-country investigation and so to identify the different threshold for the countries, on the basis of the different national laws regarding the ownership stakes that affect the control.

Superior vs. Inferior Voting Shares： Price Premium or Discount？

This paper analyzes the price difference between superior voting （SV） and inferior voting （IV） shares for three dual-class firms： Farmer Mac as a big price discount case, Fox as a price similarity case, and Heico as a big price premium case. We show that the price difference is mainly affected by the control benefit, while voting power and liquidity are also relevant factors. We suggest that the control benefit can be revealed by examining share accumulation and firm performance.

Private Benefits of Politicians and Delayed Privatization

The aim of this paper is to consider the problem of politicians＇ control of state-owned enterprises in a transforming economy. The control of a company can be treated as a choice of a strategy pursued by this company. In order to present politicians＇ influence on a company＇s strategy, we consider the case of a firm controlled by the State Treasury （i.e., by politicians） and a company outside politicians＇ control, both functioning in a favorable and an unfavorable state of the economy. We propose the option-to-switch valuation model as a method of measuring politicians＇ private benefits of control. We illustrate the considerations using data concerning Poland＇s printing industry.

Corporate Governance and the Financial Value of Financially Distressed Listed Companies

The article combines the background of Chinese system, theoretically derivates the relationship between corporate governance and their financial value, selects a sample of loss listed companies from 2003 to 2009, and studies how the level of corporate governance affects the value of listed company losses. Research results show that, among corporate governance factors, the largest shareholder and the market for corporate control have obvious positive effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; the proportion of state-owned shares, the type of audit opinion, and corporate govemance factors have obvious negative effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; and managerial ownership, the proportion of independent directors, and the size of the board have no obvious driving effect on the financial value of loss listed companies.

The Empirical Research on Family Ownership and Earning Quality in China

Corporate governance takes an important role in affecting the quality of accounting information. Since the ownership structure determines the method and the level of the corporate governance and the right of control, supervision, and the benefit, it can decide the quality of information and affect the earning quality. This paper examines if the ownership concentration affects the earning quality in family-owned companies in China. Using the data of 298 publicly-traded corporations in China, this paper finds that the controlling shareholders are associated with low earning quality and that the separation of control rights and cash flow rights is negatively associated with the earning quality of family ownership.

A DUAL RESERVATION CDMA-BASED MAC PROTOCOL WITH POWER CONTROL FOR AD HOC NETWORKS

This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.

Power and Architecture in Portuguese Fascism： Political and Artistic Control and Resistance

This paper analyses the system of artistic and ideological conditioning that architects were subject to during the Portuguese fascism, the so-called ＂New State＂, the longest western European dictatorship of the previous century, that lasted from 1933 to 1974, under the uninterrupted leadership of Ant6nio de Oliveira Salazar until 1968. After a concise exposition of the importance of a major public work campaign to the regime affirmation as well as the aesthetic discourse promoted in its architecture, the standard course of a building project evaluation will be described. Crossing varied legislation and taking into consideration the results of a thorough examination to more than one hundred processes of architectural plans approval, the interaction of the various decision-making bodies will illustrate the existence of an efficient apparatus which progressively depurate designs. Prevention and repression of artistic deviation will be demonstrated. Furthermore, the development and importance of self-censorship will be highlighted. Secondly, a characterization of the atmosphere of ideological surveillance and dissident＇s oppression will be provided. Architects＇ participation in opposition＇s initiatives and strategies will be portrayed. As a conclusion, New State practice of a negotiation and inclusion （both artistic and ideological） tactic in the architectural field will be underlined.