“控制—服务”:当代中国行政区划改革的应然导向

从政府职能在政府结构体系安排中的基础性地位这一现代政府理论的基本原理出发,通过历史和比较分析,笔者归纳出了行政区划与政府职能的内在联系,即行政区划改革基本目标的确定,在根本上取决于政府职能在不同历史阶段和国家的具体定位。在此基础上,笔者进一步归纳出了当代中国行政区划改革的应然导向,即"控制—服务"导向:一方面,对于省级政区的调整,应主要从适度发挥行政区划的控制机能、维护中央权威的角度加以审视;另一方面,对于省级以下各级政区的调整,则应更多地从统筹公共服务和降低施政成本的视角进行评判。

Power Control Algorithm of Cognitive Radio Based on Non-Cooperative Game Theory

This paper addresses the power con- trol problems of Cognitive Radio （CR） trader transmission power and interference tempera- ture constraints. First, we propose the interfer- ence constraint which ensures that the Quality of Service （QoS） standards for primary users is considered and a non-cooperative game power control model. Based on the proposed model, we developed a logical utility function based on the Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio （S/NR） and a novel algorithm network power control. that is suitable for CR Then, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium （NE） in our utility function are proved by the principle of game theory and the corresponding optimi- zations. Compared to traditional algorithms, the proposed one could converge to an NE in 3-5 iterative operations by setting an appropriate pricing factor. Finally, simulation results ver- ified the stability and superiority of the novel algorithm in flat-fading channel environments.

HiQoS:An SDN-Based Multipath QoS Solution

Today's Internet architecture provides only "best effort" services,thus it cannot guarantee quality of service(QoS) for applications.Software Defined Network(SDN)is a new approach to computer networking that separates control plane and forwarding planes,and has the advantage of centralized control and programmability.In this paper,we propose HiQoS that provides QoS guarantees using SDN.Moreover,HiQoS makes use of multiple paths between source and destination and queuing mechanisms to guarantee QoS for different types of traffic.Experimental results show that our HiQoS scheme can reduce delay and increase throughput to guarantee QoS.Very importantly,HiQoS recovers from link failure very quickly by rerouting traffic from failed path to other available path.

Trust-Compensation-Based Access Control Model for Web Services

For most current Web Service access control methods, Web Service providers create a series of access control roles based on specified attributes. Only by meeting all the roles can a subject obtain the access to necessary operations and resources. However, because of the dynamic and open traits of Web Services, it is difficult for Web Service providers to work out an access control policy with moderate intensity and to realize a satisfactory balance between protecting the security of resources and maintaining the service reachable rate. To provide a solution to the above problem, this paper proposed a trust compensation access control method based on the Attribute-Based Access Control model. Our main contributions include a formal description of the access control method, a method to calculate the attribute trust degree based on time decay, and the trust compensation value of the attribute trust degree, as well as a new Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） architecture and its procedures based on a detailed trust compensation access control method.

SERVICE-AWARE BASED FUZZY ADMISSION CONTROL SCHEME IN MULTI-SERVICE NETWORKS

Multi-service aggregated transmission is the direction of IP network. Providing different Quality of Service (QoS) assurance for different services has become a crucial problem in future network. Admission control is a vital function for multi-service IP network. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy admission control scheme based on coarse granularity service-aware technique. Different service has discriminative sensitivity to the same QoS characteristic parameter in general. The traffic class can be perceived by the service request parameter and the proposed QoS function. And requirements of dif- ferent applications can be met by maintaining the life parameter. From simulation results, the proposed scheme shows a better QoS provisioning than those traditional fuzzy logic based methods under the same admission probability.

A Novel Stateful PCE-Cloud Based Control Architecture of Optical Networks for Cloud Services

The next-generation optical network is a service oriented network,which could be delivered by utilizing the generalized multiprotocol label switching(GMPLS) based control plane to realize lots of intelligent features such as rapid provisioning,automated protection and restoration(P&R),efficient resource allocation,and support for different quality of service(QoS) requirements.In this paper,we propose a novel stateful PCE-cloud(SPC)based architecture of GMPLS optical networks for cloud services.The cloud computing technologies(e.g.virtualization and parallel computing) are applied to the construction of SPC for improving the reliability and maximizing resource utilization.The functions of SPC and GMPLS based control plane are expanded according to the features of cloud services for different QoS requirements.The architecture and detailed description of the components of SPC are provided.Different potential cooperation relationships between public stateful PCE cloud(PSPC) and region stateful PCE cloud(RSPC) are investigated.Moreover,we present the policy-enabled and constraint-based routing scheme base on the cooperation of PSPC and RSPC.Simulation results for verifying the performance of routing and control plane reliability are analyzed.

A NEW DYNAMIC QUOTA-BASED ADMISSION CONTROL WITH SUB-NEGOTIATION FOR SOFTSWITCH-BASED CLUSTERED MEDIA SERVER

Based on the demand of the admission control of softswitch-based clustered media server, this pa- per proposed a new dynamic quota-based admission control algorithm that has a sub-negotiation process. The strongpoint of quota-based algorithm had been inherited in the algorithm and at the same time some new ideas had also been introduced into it. Simulations of the algorithm had been conducted on the Petri net model and the results show that this algorithm has excellent performance. In order to find the optimal resource quota set- ting in real time, the paper proposed two approximation analysis methods. It can be seen from analysis results that these two methods can be used to get sub-optimal quota values quickly and effectively. These two ap- proximation analysis methods will play important roles in implementation of the algorithm in system.

Research on logistics model under the trend of cross border E-commerce

The rapid development of cross-border e-commerce has brought a potentially huge market. But due to the complexity of logistics, capital flow, the credit mechanism is involved in cross-border electronic commerce, a serious impediment to the further development of China＇s cross-border B2C e-commerce enterprises. In order to better promote the development of cross-border e-commerce, improve the competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce and logistics services, we must pay attention to the construction of cross-border logistics. Therefore, it can be improved and perfected through logistics control, personnel training and so on.

A STUDY ON PROBE-BASED MULTICAST ADMISSION CONTROL AND ENHANCEMENT

To provide scalable and simple Quality of Service（QoS） mechanism for multicast services, Probe-Based Multicast Admission Control （PBMAC） scheme was proposed. In this paper, PBMAC is studicd and a so-called subsequent request problem is found in PBMAC, which degrades system performance significantly when the network traffic is heavily loaded. Based on the analysis on subsequent request problem, an Enhance PBMAC （EPBMAC） scheme is proposed, in which complementary probing is devised to solve the problem. Using a new metric of normalized requested equivalent link capacity, the pertbrmance of PBMAC and EPBMAC is analyzed and evaluated. Two implementations are proposed for incremental dcployment. The paper finally introduces evaluation with packet-based simulations. Both analytical and simulation results show the significant improvement in performance.

Quality of Service Improvement for High-Speed Railway Communications

With the fast development of highspeed railways,a call for fulfilling the notion of communication at "anytime,anywhere" for high-speed train passengers in the Train Operating Control System is on the way.In order to make a realization of that,new railway wireless communication networks are needed.The most promising one is the Long Term Evolution for Railway which will provide broadband access,fast handover,and reliable communication for high mobility users.However,with the increase of speed,the system is subjected to high bit error rate,Doppler frequency shift and handover failure just like other system does.This paper is trying to solve these problems by employing MIMO technique.Specifically,the goal is to provide higher data rate,higher reliability,less delay,and other relative quality of services for passengers.MIMO performance analysis,resource allocation,and access control for handover and various services in a two-hop model are proposed in this paper.Analytical results and simulation results show that the proposed model and schemes perform well in improving the system performances.

中国行政区划研究60年:政府职能转变与研究导向的适时调整

建国以来,中国行政区划研究取得了很大的进展,但在研究的整体理论层次、学科定位等方面还存在较大的不足。而研究中凸显的经济色彩,则表现出明显的导向偏差。行政区划与政府职能存在着密切的联系,行政区划服从、服务于政府的职能定位。当代中国行政区划研究应该遵循"控制—服务"的基本导向:对于省级政区的调整,应主要从适度发挥行政区划的控制机能、维护中央权威的角度加以审视;对于省级以下政区的调整,则应更多地从统筹公共服务和降低施政成本的视角进行评判。

Admission Control Based on QoS for Third Generation Broadband Mobile Communication Systems

In this paper, a novel admission scheme is proposed which provides high degrees of quality of service (QoS) guarantees for multimedia traffic carried in mobile networks. The proposed scheme combines the admission control and bandwidth reservation to guarantee QoS requirements. It considers both local information and remote information to determine whether to accept or reject a connection. In order to embody the characteristics of the algorithms proposed in the article, two traditional algorithms of admission control are used for comparison. In the end of the paper the simulation analyses are given and the results show that the proposed algorithm can adjust the bandwidth according to the current status of networks and decrease the probability of connections forcibly dropped. The most important thing is that the algorithm is based on the multimedia communications and can guarantee the QoS of real time connections through decreasing the bandwidth of non real time connections.

A Fuzzy Flow Control Approach for ABR Service in ATM Networks

The explicit rate flow control mechanisms for ABR service are used to sharethe available bandwidth of a bottleneck link fairly and reasonably among many competitive users andto maintain the buffer queue length of a bottleneck switch connected to the link at a desired levelin order to avoid and control congestion in ATM networks. However, designing effective flow controlmechanisms for the service is known to be difficult because of the variety of dynamic parametersinvolved such as available link bandwidth, burst of the traffic, the distances between ABR sourcesand switches. In this paper, we present a fuzzy explicit rate flow control mechanism for ABRservice. The mechanism has a simple structure and is robust in the sense that the mechanism'sstability is not sensitive to the change in the number of active virtual connections (VCs). Manysimulations show that this mechanism can not only effectively avoid network congestion, but alsoensure fair share of the bandwidth for all active VCs regardless of the number of hops theytraverse. Additionally, it has the advantages of fast convergence, low oscillation, and high linkbandwidth utilization.

Reachability analysis of web service compositions via NWA

In order to improve the design and implementation quality of web service compositions,formal methods are used to model them and certain properties are verified.WCFA （web service interface control flow automata）is used to model web services,especially the control flow and possible interactions with other web services.A web service composition consists of a set of interacting WCFA.The global behavior of web service compositions is captured by NWA（nested word automata）.A variation of the depth-first search algorithm is used to transform a set of WCFA into an NWA.State formulae and call stacks at each node of NWA are computed by a path-sensitive reachability analysis.Safety properties,call stack inspection properties and pre/post-conditions of service invocations are described by assertions.Then verification of these assertions is carried out by an automated SAT tool.

Cooperative wireless networks for better green services

In order to guarantee the overall return on investment (ROI), improve user experience and quality of service (QoS), save energy, reduce electra magnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pollution, and enable the sustainable deployment of new profitable applications and services in heterogeneous wireless networks coexistence reality, this paper proposes a cross-network cooperation mechanism to effectively share network resources and infrastructures, and then adaptively control and match multi-network energy distribution characteristics according to actual user/service requirements in different geographic areas. Some idle or lightly-loaded base stations (BS or BSs) will be temporally turned off for saving energy and reducing EMI. Initial simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall energy efficiency and QoS performance across multiple cooperative wireless networks.

NOVEL POWER CONTROL GAME VIA PRICING ALGORITHM FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS

To compensate the service providers who have paid billions of dollars to use spectrum and to satisfy secondary users' requirements in cognitive radios, a Non-cooperative Power Control Game and Pricing algorithm (NPGP) is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can regulate the secondary users' transmitter powers, optimally allocate radio resource and increase the total throughput effectively.

Accounting treatment and internal controls in financial shared services ofmultinational corporations

Financial shared services （FSS） play an important role in multinational corporations for the effective cost management. FSS also can reduce errors and fraud so as to achieve perfect internal controls by standardized and procedural business processes which are important parts of internal controls. This paper emphasizes on two popular procedures and methods in multinational corporations. One is balance sheet reconciliation. It can illustrate the situation of accounts on an accrual basis which are the focus of internal audit and external audit. The other is Interco-Sop （Intercompany-standard operating procedure） which are important for to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of accounting system and internal controls.

Adaptive Distributed Admission Control in Differentiated Services Domains

In this paper we propose a scalable admission control scheme for the QoS sensitivity traffic in DiffServ domains. In our scheme, the ingress touters perform admissibility test in a fully distributed and parallel fashion for requests based on our resource per-assigning mechanism. Then, we introduce a novel two phase token passing mechanism to adaptively optimize resource per-assigning among contending edge touters in proportion to their traffic. In addition, we adopt a measurement based admission decision-making criterion to gain the benefit of high utilization of statistical multiplexing. Our simulation results indicate that even under very high request load it is possible to perform admission control and resource allocation in parallel without suffering in terms of response time, packet loss rate, or utilization.

Towards Efficient and Secure Access Control System for Mobile Cloud Computing

This paper proposes a new access architecture onmobile cloud,which introduces a middle layer sitting between mobile devices and their cloud infrastructure.This middle layer is composed of cloudlets which are deployed by cloud services providers,such as wireless network access points(APs),to improve the performance of mobile cloud servicesand be different from traditional mobile operator mode.Then based on this new architecture.we improve our previous(Attribute-basedencryption) ABE access control scheme on cloud for mobile cloud,which is proposed to offload the main amount of computations to the cloudlet as the function of cloud.Simulationresults demonstratethe new access control scheme takes into consideration response time constraints and network statusof access task execution,while satisfying certain network security for mobile cloud.

Trust Management Mechanism for Internet of Things

Trust management has been proven to be a useful technology for providing security service and as a consequence has been used in many applications such as P2P, Grid, ad hoc network and so on. However, few researches about trust mechanism for Internet of Things （IoT） could be found in the literature, though we argue that considerable necessity is held for applying trust mechanism to IoT. In this paper, we establish a formal trust management control mechanism based on architecture modeling of IoT. We decompose the IoT into three layers, which are sensor layer, core layer and application layer, from aspects of network composition of loT. Each layer is controlled by trust management for special purpose： self-organized, affective routing and multi-service respectively. And the final decision-making is performed by service requester according to the collected trust information as well as requester＇ policy. Finally, we use a formal semantics-based and fuzzy set theory to realize all above trust mechanism, the result of which provides a general framework for the development of trust models of IoT.